Linear Equations

Linear Function
The difference between functions and equations
Vertical Line Test
Solving Equations
Addition Principle
Multiplication Principle
Distributive Property
FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last)
Forms of Linear Equations/ Functions
Slope-Intercept Form (y=mx+b / f(x)=mx+b)
Identifying Slope
Describing Slope (increasing, decreasing, zero, undefined)
Identifying y-intercept
Point-Slope Form (y-y1=m(x-x1)
Calculating an Equation from two points
Calculating Slope between two points
m=y2-y1
x2-x1
Finding x-intercept
Replace y with 0 and solve
Finding y-intercept
Replace x with 0 and solve
Parallel Lines have same slope
Perpendicular Lines have slope that is opposite reciprocal
Horizontal Lines have the form y= #
Vertical Lines have the form x= #
Domain values of x
Set Notation: {x| x is a real number} (or restrictions such as x= #, x> #, x<#)
Interval Notation: [ ] or ( )
Range values of y
Set Notation: {y| y is a real number} (or restrictions such as y= #, y> #, y<#)
Interval Notation: [ ] or ( )
Determining if data is linear
Graphing Data
Scatter Plot
Excel
GeoGebra
Graphing Calculator
Fitting a Linear Model to the data
Using a Linear Model to predict values

Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Functions
The difference between equations and functions
Vertical Line Test
Forms of Quadratic Functions
Standard Form: f(x)=ax2+bx+c
Vertex Form: f(x)=a(x-h)2+k
Finding Vertex
(h, k)
h= - b
2a
k=f(h)
Determining if Vertex is Maximum or Minimum
a>0 the vertex is a minimum and the parabola opens up
a<0 the vertex is a maximum and the parabola opens down
Determining Root Characteristics based on the discriminant
Discriminant: b2 4ac
b2 4ac > 0 two real roots, function crosses x-axis twice
b2 4ac = 0 one repeated root, function touches x-axis
b2 4ac < 0 two complex roots, function does not cross x-axis
Calculating the Roots
Roots are x-intercepts
Factor and then set each factor to 0 and solve for x (Zero Product Property)
By Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
By trinomial when a=1
By ac-method when a is not 1
Quadratic Formula (when factoring does not work)
!! ! ! !!!"

=
!!
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Any polynomial of degree n, has n roots. In other words, the highest exponent tells us how many roots the function has.
We may need to use complex roots.
Imaginary Number
= 1
! = 1
! = 1
! = 1
Complex Numbers
+
Operations with Complex Numbers (adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing)
Calculating y-intercept
Replace x with 0 and solve
Domain values of x
Set Notation: {x| x is a real number} (restrictions will occur in real life/word problems)
Interval Notation: [ ] or ( )
Range values of y
Set Notation: if the vertex is a maximum {y| yk } / if the vertex is a minimum {y| yk }
Interval Notation: [ ] or ( )
Axis of Symmetry
x=h
Finding the equation of the function from one point and the vertex
Use Vertex Form: f(x)=a(x-h)2+k
Replace (h, k) and (x, f(x))
Solve for a
Replace a and (h, k) in the Vertex Form
Change to Standard Form: f(x)=ax2+bx+c

Applying Polya Steps to Word Problems

1. UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM
Consider the following questions:
Did I understand everything the problem said?
Can I put the problem into my own words?
What data is given in the problem?
Do I know what the problem is asking?
Is there enough information to solve the problem?
Is there information that is not clear?
Is this problem similar to something I have solved before?
2. CREATE A PLAN
Choose a strategy to solve the problem, some ideas are:
Trial and error
Forming an equation
Drawing a diagram
The strategy is whatever tactic will get you to the solution
3. EXECUTE THE PLAN
Doing what you planned in the previous step
Show your mathematical process
4. LOOK BACK
Consider
What did you do to solve the problem?
Does my solution make sense considering the question that was asked?
Did I write a sentence to answer the question?
Did I write the correct units?
Did I answer the question that was asked?
Do I need to redo any part of problem?