1.

Below is a section of the reactivity series of

metals. The non-metal, carbon is also included.
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
lead

increasing reactivity

Both aluminium and iron are found in nature as their oxides.

The methods of extracting the pure metals depend on their reactivity.
(a)

Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis from its oxide.

(i)

What is the name of an aluminium ore consisting of aluminium oxide?

.....................................................................................................................................................................
(1) (ii) During electrolysis, cryolite is added to molten aluminium oxide.
Explain why.
.......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii) Write balanced ionic equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes during the electrolysis.
anode
...................................................................................................................................................................... (1)
cathode
......................................................................................................................................................................(1)
(b)

Aluminium is used widely in our daily life.

(i)

State one use of Aluminium.

.....................................................................................................................................................................
(1) (ii) Explain what is meant by reduction.
..................................................................................................................................................................... (1)

(iii) Explain, with the help of an equation, why the graphite anodes need replacing regularly during the
electrolysis of Aluminium.
...............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................. (2)
(iv) State the name of the method used to extract aluminium from its oxide ore.
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(c)

Explain why aluminium is extracted by electrolysis, rather than in a blast furnace.

...............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................. (2)
Total / 12

2. (a) Below are the chemical formulae of four acids.

HCl

H2SO4

HNO3

CH3COOH

(i) What colour would they all turn a solution of litmus?

............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(ii) Write down the name of the ion present in solutions of all the acids.
.............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(b)

Below are the chemical formulae of four alkalis.

NaOH

KOH

Mg(OH)2

NH4OH

(i) What colour would they all turn a solution of litmus?

............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(ii) Write down the name of the ion present in solutions of all the alkalis.
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(c) A solution of sulphuric acid can be used to neutralise a solution of sodium hydroxide.
(i) What is the pH of the solution when it is exactly neutral?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(ii) What is the name of the salt formed in the neutralisation reaction?
.............................................................................................................................................................. (1)

(d) A student used sodium hydroxide solution of 0.500 mol/dm3 to neutralize sulfuric acid of
25 cm3 of concentration 0.650 mol/dm3 until the acid was completely neutralized.
(i)

Balance the following symbol equation for the reaction.

H2SO4 (aq)

+ NaOH (aq) Na2SO4 (aq)

+ .H2O (l)

(2)

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sulfuric acid used.

(2)
(iii) Calculate the amount, in moles of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize this amount of
sulfuric Acid.

(2)
TOTAL / 12
3. Many of the hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil belong to the alkane
homologous series.
(a) What is homologous series
...............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................. (2)
(c)

The first and fourth members of the alkane series are methane, CH4, and butane, C4H10.
What is the formula of hexane, the sixth member of the series?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(d) The atoms of the hydrocarbon, C4H10, can be arranged in two different ways.
(i) Draw the structural formulae for the two arrangements of this hydrocarbon.

(2)

TOTAL / 5

4. Ethane is an alkane hydrocarbon.

(a) (i) Draw the structural formula of ethane.

(1)
(ii) Ethane is said to be saturated.
What does this term mean?
............................................................................................................................................................ (1)
(iii) Why is it not possible to make polymers from ethane?
............................................................................................................................................................ (1)
(b) Poly(propene) can be made from propene.
(i) Draw the structure of propene.

(1)
(ii)

Draw a section of a poly(propene) having two repeats units.

(1)

Total / 5

Total / 14

Total / 8

The halogens are a group of elements showing trends in colour, state and reaction with
other halide ions.
(a) Complete the word equation for the reaction of chlorine with aqueous
potassium bromide.

chlorine + potassium bromide

+
(b) Explain why an aqueous solution of iodine does not react with potassium
chloride.

(2)

(1)
(c) The table shows the properties of some halogens.

halogen
fluorine

state at
room
temperatur
gas

chlorine
bromine

liquid

iodine

solid

colour

boiling point /
C

1.51

yellow
green

35

red-brown

59
184

(i) Complete the missing spaces in the table.

(ii) Suggest values for

density of solid /
-3
g cm

1.56

4.93
(2)

the boiling point of fluorine,

the density of bromine.

(2)

(d) How many electrons does an atom of fluorine have

(i) in total,
(ii) in its outer shell?

(2)

(e) State a use for chlorine.

(1)
Total / 10

9 Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is a liquid fuel. Ethanol can be manufactured either from glucose, C6H12O6, or
from ethene.
(a) Briefly describe the manufacture of ethanol from glucose.
Include the balanced equation in your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... (4)
(b) (i) Draw the displayed formula for ethene.

(ii) Name the substance that reacts with ethene to make ethanol.
...................................................................................................................................
(iii) Give the conditions needed for this reaction.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... (4)
Total / 8
10 Pure dry crystals of magnesium sulphate can be made by reacting excess magnesium
powder with dilute sulphuric acid.
(a) During the reaction, bubbles of a colourless gas are given off.
State the name of this gas.
(1)
(b) (i) Why is excess magnesium used?
(1)
(ii) How is the excess magnesium removed from the reaction mixture?
(1)

10

(c) Describe how you can obtain pure dry crystals of magnesium sulphate from a solution of
magnesium sulphate.

(2)
(d) (i) Describe one other reaction that makes magnesium sulphate.

(1)
(ii) Write a word equation for the reaction you suggested in part (d)(i).

(1)
Total / 7
11 Iron is extracted from iron ore by heating the iron ore with coke and limestone.
(a) State the name of the ore from which iron is extracted.
(ii)
What
type
of
che
mica
l
react
ion
is the
conv
ersio
n of
Fe2
O3
to
2Fe?

................................................................................................................... (1)
(b) The coke burns in a blast of hot air to form carbon monoxide.
(i) Complete the equation for this reaction.
......C + O2

......CO
(2)

(ii) State an adverse effect of carbon monoxide on human

health if it were to escape from the blast furnace.
(1)
(c) Near the top of the blast furnace, carbon monoxide reacts with iron ore.
Fe2O3

+ 3CO

(1
)

2Fe + 3CO2

(i) Write a word equation for this reaction.

(2)
11

(d) The limestone is converted to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide by the intense heat in the
furnace.
CaCO3

CaO + CO2

(i) What type of chemical reaction is this?

(1)
(ii) Name a use of limestone other than in the blast furnace.
(1)
(iii) The calcium oxide reacts with silica and alumina in the iron ore.
The product of this reaction collects on top of the molten iron at the
bottom of the furnace. What is the name of this product?
Put a ring around the correct answer.

bauxite

sand

slag

slaked lime
(1)
Total / 10

12

12. The table below gives some information about monomers and the polymers that can be made from them.
monomer

structure

ethene

propene

CH3

(a)

Complete the table.

(b)

What is meant by the term monomer?

polymer
poly(ethene)

poly(tetrafluoroethene)

structure
H

(4)

............................................................................................................................................................ (1)
(c)

What is meant by the term polymer?

..............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................ (2)

(d)

Write down the molecular formula of tetrafluoroethene.

............................................................................................................................................................. (1)

(e)

Describe two environmental problems that are associated with the disposal of plastics.
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................

.....(2)

.............................................................................................................................................................

TOTAL / 10
13. Sarah is diving into a swimming pool. She can smell chlorine.
13

(a) (i) Explain why there is chlorine in the swimming pool.

............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(ii) Iodine is the same group of the periodic table as chlorine. Give a use of iodine.
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(b) (i)

Chlorine and iodine are in group 7 of the periodic table. What name is given to group 7

elements?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(ii) Is chlorine a metal or non-metal?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(iii) Is iodine a metal or non-metal?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(c) (i) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. What does this tell you?
............................................................................................................................................................ (1)
(ii) The electron arrangement of chlorine is 2.8.7. How many electron shells does it have?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(iii) Iodine has five electron shells. How many electrons are in the outer shell of iodine?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(iv) The symbol for chlorine is C1, iodine is I and sodium Na. Chlorine combines with sodium
to make sodium chloride, NaC1. Iodine also reacts with sodium. What will be the name
and formula of the compound formed?
............................................................................................................................................................. (2)
TOTAL / 10
14. This question is about the alkene, ethene, C2H4, which is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(a)
What is meant by unsaturated?
14

............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(b) What is the general formula of alkenes?
............................................................................................................................................................. (1)
(c) Ethanol can be produced from ethene by direct hydration.
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
Under what conditions is this reaction carried out?
................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................. (2)
(d) Draw the structural formula of ethanol

(1)
(e)

Ethane is a saturated hydrocarbon.

Describe a simple test that would enable you to distinguish between ethene and ethane.
.................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................. (2)
(f) Chlorethene (vinyl chloride) can be made from ethene.
Cl

Chloroethene can be used to produce poly(chloroethene) or

PVC. Draw a section of a PVC molecule containing four
carbon atoms.

(2)
TOTAL / 9

15