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Hypothalamus
Paraventricular nucleus produces oxytocin
Supraoptic nucleus produces ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
MAJOR GLANDS
1. Pituitary gland
Anterior (Adenohypophysis)
2 Broad groups of cells:
Chromophils
Acidophils
o Somatotrophs secretes somatotropin
o Lactotrophs secretes prolactin
Basophils
o Corticotrophs secretes ACTH & LPH (lipotropin)
o Gonadotrophs secretes FSH & LH
o Thyrotrophs secretes thyrotopin
Chromophobes
Posterior (Neurohypophysis)
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
HORMONES
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
Somatotrop
in
Somatotrophs
Growth
Prolactin
Lactotrophs
Milk secretion
FSH
Gonadotrophs
LH
Thyrotropin
Thyrotrophs
Ovarian follicle
dvlpmnt;
estrogen
secretion(women)
Spermatogenesi
s (men)
Ovarian follicle
maturation;
progesterone
secretion
(women)
Interstitial cell
androgen
secretion (men)
Thyroid hormone
synthesis
TARGET
ORGANS
Muscles,
bones,
tissues
REGULATORY
HYPOTHALA
MIC
HORMONES
FUNCTIONS
GHRH
Stimulates
Somatostatin
Inhibits
Mammary
glands
Dopamine
inhibits
Gonads
(ovaries
& testes)
GnRH
stimulates
Thyroid
TSH
stimulates
HISTOLOGY | DBRKDS
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
ACTH
Lipotropin
(LPH)
Corticotrophs
Adrenal cortex
hormone
synthesis
Adrenal
gland
CRH
stimulates
Regulates lipid
metabolism
POSTERIOR PITUITARY
HORMONES
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
TARGET ORGANS
Supraoptic nucleus
Permeability of renal
collecting ducts
kidney
ADH
Oxytocin
Paraventricular
nucleus
Contraction of
mammary gland and
uterus
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
LOCATION
Mineralocorticotrophs
Regulates salt
balance
(kidney)
Zona Glomerulosa
2. Adrenal Gland
HORMONES
Cortex
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Glucocorticotrophs
Carbohydrate
metabolism
(liver)
Zona fasciculata
Cells of Zona
reticularis
Precursor of
progesterone &
estrogen
(gonads)
Zona reticularis
Weak androgens
Medulla
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
heart rate;
constricts vessels
Chromaffin cells
glucose release;
dilates vessels
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
LOCATION
HISTOLOGY | DBRKDS
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Glucagon
Alpha cells
blood glucose
levels
periphery
Beta cells
blood glucose
levels
center
Delta cells
Inhibits release of
glucagon, insulin,
somatotropin &
TSH
center
Insulin
Somatostatin
Pancreatic hormones
PP cells
Inhibits secretion
of pancreatic
enzymes & HCO3-
periphery
4. Thyroid Gland
TARGET ORGANS
HORMONES
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
Thyroid hormones
T3: Tri-iodothyronine
T4: Thyroxine
Tetra-iodothyronine
Follicular cells
or thryocytes
metabolic rate
Parafollicular
cells or C cells
Calcitonin
bones
5. Parathyroid Gland
HORMONES
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
PTH
(Parathyroid hormone)
Chief cells
HORMONES
CELL TYPE
FUNCTION
Melatonin
Pinealocytes
Regulates circadian
rhythms
6. Pineal Gland
HISTOLOGY | DBRKDS
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
HISTOLOGY | DBRKDS