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EVALUATION
Work Shop on
Technology Imperatives For Exploration &
Production of oil& Gas
By
ONGC Academy
26-29th March 2012
Rajahmundry
Presentation By
CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE IN WELL LOGGING TECHNOLOGY (CEWELL)
ONGC, BARODA
Life of a Well
Seismic
Drilling
Logging
Data Mgmt
Production
Testing
Cementing
Perforating
INTRODUCTION
THE LOGGING SERVICES REQUIRED FROM THE DAY OF
SPUDDING (Exploration) TO THE LAST DROP OF PRODUCTION.
ANSWERS HOST OF QUERIES;
DEPTH OF POTENTIAL RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR / PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS viz.
POROSITY, PERMEABILITY etc.
FLUID CONTACT (OIL/ GAS/ WATER)
INTRODUCTION
Contd.
SEISMIC INVERSIONS,
STUDIES LIES WITH
SYNTHETIC
Birth of Logging
On September 5, 1927
H Doll & Schlumberger brothers,
Conard & Marcel made semi
continuous
resistivity
measurement in 1600 ft deep
well of France`s Pechelbronn
field
LINEAR SCALE
LOG DISPLAY
LOGARTIHMIC SCALE
Technology Advancement
in 1950s and 1960s
Penetration of electronics industry into Logging
Entry tools
Flushed zone measurements
Porosity measurements
Acoustic measurements
Developments aided
Better depth control in perforations,
Evaluation of rock properties & cement
Log correlations.
Technology Advancement
during 1970s
Era of digital data
Computerized processing and interpretation
Introduction of digital image logs
Computerized logging units with facility to transmit the
recorded log-data to the bases
Tool designers and analysts used power of the computer to
bring to the surface more quality data
Signal processing theory to log data fundamentally altered
usage of logs
Introduction of tool strings, a combination of logging tools.
Technology Advancement
1980s and beyond
Measurement While Drilling (MWD) started
1988 Logging While Drilling (LWD)
Conveying well logging tools into the borehole as part of the
Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA).
LWD
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 1
Sand A
Zone 2
Zone 3
Sand A
Zone 3
Zone 4 Sand B
Zone 4 Sand B
Zone 1
Zone 2
Sand A
Zone 3
Zone 4
Sand B
Tool Conveyance
Density-Porosity
Resistivity
Gamma Ray
Technology Advancement
1980s and beyond
New and improved sensors utilizing multiple array of
electrodes, coils, detectors & sources
Downhole microprocessors to control measurements and
tele-metering
Formation Evaluation While Drilling (FEWD)
Surface acquisition and satellite transmission
Technology Advancement
1980s and beyond
IMAGE TOOLS
High resolution measurements provide better insight into
formation
Enhancement in resolution of thin-beds to resolve them to
about 1/3rd of the thickness of previous tools.
The measurements require excellent borehole condition.
These logs provide more megabytes of data than ever
before.
Computer speed, memory size, and data storage capacity
of modern desktop computers have kept pace with these
developments.
Electrical methods
Provide enhanced image of the borehole.
Overview
Developed as successor to the FMS
(Formation Micro Scanner) in 1991
Provides Microresistivity formation
images in Water Based Mud
Combinable with other wire-line tools
Benefits
Electrical Core
Can be used in deviated and
horizontal wells
Detailed and reliable interpretation of
formation features and dips
Improved reservoir description
4 Arms - 8 Pads
192 Electrodes
Dips
Dynamic
DEN
PHIN
RES
GR GR@ASCII_Load;1 [A326
0
300
( gAPI )
CALI CALI@ASCII_Load;1 [
100
0.2
( in )
SP SP@ASCII_Load;1 [A327
16
0.2
( mV )
380
MD
1 : 200
m
200
( ohm.m )
HDRS HDRS@ASCII_Load;1 [
NPHI.WELLEDIT NPHI@ASCII
( ohm.m )
HMRS HMRS@ASCII_Load;1 [
200 0.54
( ohm.m )
200 1.8
0.2
1440
-0.06
( m3/m3 )
RHOB.WELLEDIT RHOB@ASCII
( g/cm3 )
DT DT@ASCII_Load;1
2.8 140
( us/ft )
40
1450
KV-A
K-VA
K-VA Btm Coal
1460
KV-B
1470
K-VB
Drape
Scour Channel
Reworked distributary
channel sand
Reworked distributary
channel Sand
Base of channel
The red pattern indicates drape over the base of the
distributary channel.
Foreset beds
Foreset beds
Distributary Mouth
Bar
Foreset beds
Foreset beds
Bottom set
Bottom set
Change in dip azimuth in top and below of unconfirmity shows weathering took place
Unconfirmity
Pulled by
Coal
Quartz to
Clay
Effect of
Montmorillonite
Pulled by Heavy
minerals
Acoustic imager
It uses a rotating head that emits and receives an acoustic
signal. Both sound amplitude and its travel time are recorded,
giving images proportional to acoustic impedance and borehole
diameter respectively.
Acoustic methods
DIPOLE sources
Rxo/Rt and SP
overlay
shows
good separation
in the gas bearing
layers
interval
2780-2812m and
2045-2055m
within 8 and
12
holes.
VP/VS
vs.
Poissons
ratio
overlay
also
support the same
observation.
Prior
Nuclear methods
Improved determination of porosity and saturation in
both open and cased holes
Major step toward lithology identification by a
combination of three types of nuclear spectroscopy
for in-situ determination of ten or more elements.
CMR
Light
Hydrocarbon
Steps used
processing
in
ECS
1.
The
dry
weight
elemental
concentrations of Si,
Fe, Al, Ca and S are
used along with
neutron, density and
resistivity logs as
equations in the
inversion of mineral
and fluid volumes.
2.
Minerals
were
chosen based on
the
spectrolith
output volumes of
ECS along with core
data analysis in the
respective fields.
3.
Invaded Zone
Drawdown
pump
Piston Position
Sensor
Packer
Back-up arm
Sample Isolation
Valve
Services:
CHFR, CHFD, CHFP, RST,
DSI, ECS,USIT
L-I Top
GR
CHFD
CHFR
CHFP
L-II B
Top
Sw
(CHFR)
CHFR-CHFP-CHFDUSIT-CBL
GR
CCL
Cement Map
Internal/external radius
VDL
Casing Collars
Good
Casing
Condition
Open Hole
Resistivity
Cased Hole
Resistivity from CHFR
Good match
between
Open & Cased hole
resistivity in
overlapped section
As per CHFR
interpretation the
different layers of
the reservoir are
showing varying
degree of depletion
Analysis based on :
CHFR-CHFD-CHFP logs
At the top of layer a
secondary gas cap
formation is seen with
current
GOC
at
2123m(1318m TVDSS)
CHFRCHFPCHFDUSITCBL
Job on TLC
CCL
Cement Map
Internal/external radius
Good match
between
Open & Cased
hole resistivity
in overlapped
section
Good
Casing
Open Hole
Resistivity
Condition
Casing Collars
Cased Hole
Resistivity from
CHFR
VDL
GR
Production Logging
&
Production logging
Examples
Production
Logging
Examples
Well#X
BROWN FIELDS
Tractor PLT:
Horizontal Well
Major
H/C Entry
INTEGRATION
Integrated Environment
Internet - integrating as well as a liberating force.
Databases are more easily accessible
Results & reports can be shared
Work from anywhere
Major application software available on Net.
Group work or consulting via the Internet reduces the need
for many meetings.
The only perceived snags are data security and loss of
control over employees, but these are capable of solution
with a little effort.
Benefits of Integration
Integrated interpretation of logging, petrochemical,
geological, geophysical, and production data by
interactive workstations offer better understanding
Expert systems, neural networks and other adaptive
systems have expanded the interdisciplinary approach to
field evaluation and optimize reservoir management.
Log
s
LQL
Dendrogram
Cluster XRMI
CORE
CC#1
Siltstone
Shale
Sand
Siderite
Silty
shale
Clay
Rock Fragments
Fe-Heavy
5. Well gave
85m3/d oil
Healed
fracture
Massive
Vesicle
Healed
fracture
Brecciated
Altered
Healed small
fault
Vesicle
(a)
Massive basalt, top part is vesicled,
only few irregular fractures are observed
(b)
Upper part is massive, middle part may be brecciated,
lower part is vesicled, few heal fractures are observed
BRING SUCCESS
IN MEETING THE CHALLENGES
3/20/2012
WLS,AHMEDABAD
74