Technical Circular T-5/95

March 10, 1995

TO:

All
All
All
All

Headquarters Directors, Prof. Services, Planning & Major Projects

Regional Directors
Regional Managers, Prof. Services, Planning & Operations
District Highways Managers

SUBJECT :
CONCRETE ADDITIVES

SUMMARY OF TYPES AND USES

PURPOSE :

To inform Ministry staff as to the range of concrete admixtures currently used

in British Columbia, and to provide general guidelines for appropriate use.

BACKGROUND :

The current edition of MOTH Standard Specifications for Highway Construction

Section 211 "Portland Cement Concrete" was written in 1992 for the manufacture
of plain concrete. Reference is made therein to Section 314 IIAdmixtures for
Portland Cement Concretett.This latter section, written in 1985, discusses only
Pozzolan admixtures, referring to CSA standards for details of air-entraining and
chemical admixtures.
Many MOTH field staff do not have access to a set of current CSA standards. This
Technical Circular is intended to summarize the range of admixtures now in common
use in B.C. and will serve as an interim guide until Section 314 of the Standard
Specifications is updated.
CONTACT :

Steve Geddes
Senior Laboratory Scientist
Geotechnical & Materials Engineering Branch
Phone: 387-4360
Fax: 356-2012

E.A. Lund, P.Eng.

Chief Highway Engineer
Attachment

CONCRETE ADDITIVES

1.0

SUMMARY OF TYPES AND USES

ADMIXTURE TYPES

The main categories of admixture are described in the following section.

The names of some commonly-used products are listed at the end. This list is for
illustration only, and may not represent the complete range of products on the
market.

1.1

Cement Types

Although not truly admixtures, the various types of portland cement, other
than Type 10 (Normal) portland cement, are sometimes treated as if they belonged
to such a category. Types 20 (Moderate), 30 (High Early Strength), 40 (Low Heat
of Hydration), and 50 (Sulphate Resistant) portland cements are seldom
encountered in Ministry use.

1.2

Cement Replacements
1.2.1

Pozzolans

Pozzolans, naturally-occurring volcanic ash, are used as an admixture to

portland cement. The pozzolan combines with the water-soluble free lime (CaO)
from the portland cement, providing additional strength while reducing expansion
and permeability of the hardened concrete. Section 314 refers to Type N for
natural ash, and Type F for flyash (see below).
Sometimes, pozzolans are
marketed with combinations of properties, to act as retarders, etc.
Current Ministry policy does not permit the use of pozzolans in bridge decks.
1.2.2

Flvash

Flyash is a man-made pozzolan, recovered from coal-burning thermal

generating plants. Type F flyash is produced when anthracite, bituminous or subbituminous coal is burned; it is generally low in lime, giving lower heat of
curing and sulphide and sulphate resistance similar to Type 50 portland cement.
Type C flyash comes from lignite or sub-bituminous coal; their higher lime
content gives them self-hardening properties, making them more useful for high
early strength concrete. In its dry form, flyash is more absorbent and flows
more easily than portland cement. Trial mixes must be carried out on each type
of flyash to determine the f1yash:cement replacement ratio - usually greater than
1:l.

1.2.3

Silica Fume

Silica fume, also known as condensed silica fume, volatilized silica or

microsilica, is a byproduct of electric arc furnaces. It behaves as a pozzolan
due to its extreme fineness and high silica content.

- 2 -

CONCRETE ADDITIVES

SUMMARY OF TYPES AND USES

1.3 Accelerators and Antifreeze Admixtures

Because calcium chloride increases heat of hydration, thus increasing the

concrete temperature, it was often used to permit placing in unheated forms
during the winter.
The Ministry does not allow use of chloride admixtures
because of corrosion problems.
Recently, other chemical "antifreeze" admixtures have been tried out,
including: chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, carbonates, urea and polyglycolester.

1.4 Retarders

Retarding admixtures are used to control setting times and to reduce heat
of hydration. They are most often used in hot weather, or in large monolithic
pours. They are less often used to permit longer time for finishing of large
slabs.

1.5 Air-Entrainment

The entrainment of a small amount of air in concrete, typically 4 to 8%,

realize benefits, including: better workability, reduced segregation, reduced
permeability and increased freeze/thaw resistance. Improper use of admixtures
can cause either excessive air or "entrapped" air (where the air bubbles
interconnect), both of which are harmful to concrete.

1.6 Water Reducers

Water reducing admixtures permit reductionof water in concrete mix without

l o s s of slump, or an increase in slump without l o s s of strength. Some of these
admixtures retard setting time of concrete, while others have little or no
effect.

1.7 Superplasticisers

Superplasticisers are organic chemical admixtures classified as Category

A (melamine based) and Category B (naphthalene based). As with water reducing
admixtures mentioned above, superplasticisers may be used either to increase
slump without loss of strength, or to retain slump while increasing strength.
Superplasticisers are most commonly used where concrete is to be pumped to the
forms. A plain concrete mix with a 75 mm slump could have the slump increased
to 200 mm or more after addition of superplasticiser. The effect is short-lived,
so superplasticiser is usually added to the ready-mix truck at the site. They
should be used only where necessary, and the Ministry does not permit their use
for bridge decks.

- 3 -

CONCRETE ADDITIVES

SUMMARY OF TYPES AND USES

1.8 Water Repellents

Integral water repellant admixtures based on stearic acid are occasionally

used on floor slabs, brick mortar and other areas in industrial buildings. They
would not normally be encountered in Ministry work.

2.0

DISCUSSION

Admixtures other than pozzolans or air entraining agents are not usually
required for the typical small MOTH project.
On larger projects, however,
superplasticisers are essential where concrete is pumped. Where required by the
project conditions, admixtures recognized by CSA can, if used properly, greatly
improve the quality of concrete.

3.0

RECOMMENDATIONS

In the early phases of project planning, MOTH staff must obtain complete
mix data, including a description of all admixtures, their brand names, dosage,
purposes and precautions. No mix should be accepted prior to receiving complete
data, regardless of how reputable the testing agency or ready-mix supplier. Most
Ministry contracts contain a price item for trial mix preparation. This should
be used to verify mix proportions, admixtures and materials on all but the
smallest jobs. Questions regarding specific admixtures or their recommended
dosage should be referred to the Regional Geotechnical and Materials Engineer,
or to the Central Materials Laboratory in Victoria.

M:/DIRBCTOR/CADDTC
1995/03/10

LIST OF TYPICAL PRODUCT NAMES

The B . C . Ministry of Transportation and Highways does not have a list of

recognized concrete admixtures. Attached, as an interim guide, is a copy of an
8-page list of admixtures accepted by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.
The list was issued in 1992, but is believed to be still current.

CONCRETE
ADAIIXTURES, CHEMICAL

DATE 92

SPECIFICATION(S): OPSS 1303, t o p s 1350, opss 904)

PACE 1 OF 5

DRAWING( S) :

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CONCRETE

ADNISTURES, mnrrcAL

;P 9.%.10

DATE 92 06 09

OPSS 1303, <OPSS 1350, OPSS 904)

PAGE 2 OF 5
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CONCRETE (416) 235-3705
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CONCRETE
ADMI XTLJRES, CHENICAL

DSM # 9.25.10
DATE 92 06 09

SPECIFICATION(S):

OPSS 1303, tOPSS 1350, OPSS 304)

PAGE 3 OF 5

L)I{AN'lNG( S) :
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ADMIXTURES, CHEMIC-4L

DSM # 9.25.10
DATE 92 06 09

SPECIFICATION(S)i

OPSS 1303, (OPSS 1350, OPSS 904)

PAGE 4 OF 5

DRAWING( S) :
CUSTODIAL OFFICE:

N/A

CONCRET

BIDDERS IEWkHING QUEHIES

ENGINEERING M4TERIAi.S

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D a f # 3.25.10

CONCRETE
ADMIXTURES, CHEMICAL

DATE 92 06 09

~~
~

SPECIFICATION(S):
DR4\\'ING( S):

OPSS 1303, (OPSS 1350, OPSS 904)

CUSTODIAL OFFICE:

ENGINEERING MATERIALS
CORCRETE (416) 235-3705

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CONCRETE

DSN

ADMIXTUIZES, SUPERPLASTICIZERS

DATE 92 04 14

# 3.25.18

SPEClFICATION(S):

CAN3-A266.6-=,

DRAWING(S):
CUSTODIAL OFFICE:

N/A

PAGE 1 OF 1

(OPSS 904)

ENGINEERING NATERIALS

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CONCRETE (416) 235-3705

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2835 GRANDE-ALEE

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294 CLEMENTS RD W
MAX, ONT
LlS 3C6 (416) 683-8561
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876-4960

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CONCRETE

DSM # 9.25.05

ADMIXTURES, AIR ENTRAINING

DATE 92 06 09

SPECIFICATION(S):
DRAWING( S) t

CUSTODIAL OFF ICE :

OPSS 1303, (OPSS 904, OPSS 13SQ)

PACE 1 OF 2
N/A
BIDDERS TEXDERING QUERIES
EHG INEER IN0 M4TER IALS
CONCRETE ( 4 1 6 ) 235-3705

CALL (416) 235-3550

3 D P I L ~ , = = ~ ~ ~ i ~ P ~ ~ ~ - - - 1 I p ~ ~ x ~ - w---w-----==
-nb--.. - - - - - - - -

SOURCE

: YKULIUL7

:RELATIVE:
:DENSITY : PH

AXIM CONCRETE TECHNOLOGIES C.4W.4 INC

141 SHEARSON CR

: CATEXOL

: 1.009

CAMBRIDGE, ONT

LIAIEXOL
: 1.008
: A.E.260
: CATEXOL Y.R,: 1.036

: Am60
z

N1T 153 (519) 622-5940

FAX (519) 622-5893

CQNCHEM
180 MARKET DR
MILTON, ONT
L9T 3H5 (416) 821-3761
1-800-263-4110
FAX (416) 876-4960

EUCLID ADMIXTURE CANADA INC

2835 GWDE-ALLEE

ST HUBERT, QUEBEC
J4T 2R4 (514) 465-2233
*ONT SOURCE:
EUCLID AIXIXTURE CXUDA INC
175 REXD.4I.E BLVD
ETOB ICOKE, ONT
M9\V 1P8 (416) 743-4831
FAX (416) 743-8231

. PRO-AIR

:
;

CONCHEM AES

:
:

: EIERAIR PLUS:

1,019

;
2

8.0

12-3

: 12.4
:

12.3

1-041 : 12.9
1.010 : 10.0

.
AIREX D
: AIREX L
:

1.016

8.9

: AIREXTRA

: 1.007
: 1.007

7.0
9.5

AIR

: 1*009

8.0

: EUCO

W.R. GRACE AND COMPANY OF C.MADA LTD

294 CLEMENTS RD

: DAREXAEA
: DARAVAIR R

: 1.014
: 1.065

12.5

MAX, ONT
LlS 3C6 (416) 683-8561

: 1.038

12.0

FAX (416)

DARAVAIR

8.0

6S3-5947

MEADOWS OF CANADA LTD

70 HANNAJYT CRT

W.R.

MILTON, ONT
L9T 5C1

12.7
11.25

: 1.037
: MICRO-AIR I : 1.020

IUSTER BUILDERS TECHNOLOGIES LTD

3637 WESTON RD
TORONTO, ONT
M9L 1Wl (416) 741-3830
1-800-387-5862
FAX (4161 741-7925

: M3
lm

SEALTIGHT

: 1.050

: 13.7

: AEA

(416) 542-7220
(416) 878-4122

FAX (416) 878-4125

DSM # 9-25-05

CONCRETE
ADMIXTURES, AIR ENTRAIlrING
SPECIFICATIONIS):
DRAWING( S) :
CUSTODIAL OFFICE:

OPSS 1303,

DATE 92 06 09

ENGINEERING hf4TERIALS
CONCRETE (416) 2353705
.. ..- . . -. -.. ..
...-- --. ._.

====-i-=-.--

BIDDERS TENDERING QUERIES

CAI.1. (416) 235-3550

--_____________
_. . ..
-

SOURCE

: PRODUCT

SIKA CANADA INC

: SIKA AER

601

PAGE 2 OF 2

(OPSS 904, OPSS 1350)

N/A

DELMAR AVE

POINTE CLAIRE, QUEBEC

H9R 4A9 (5141 697-2610

+ONT SOURCE:

..

SIKA CANADA INC

2395 DREW RD, UNIT G
MISS I SSAUGA, ONT
L5S 1Al (416) 678-2843

-a-I

:RELATIIE :
:DENSITY : PH
: 1,050
0

.
.

STERNSON LTD

: STERNSON

: 1.045

PO BOX 130
BRANTFORD, ONT

: NVR

FIU (416) 678-6818

.
.

: 12.0

.
0

Nsr

5 ~ 1(51Si 759-6600
FAX (51s; 753-6592

10032

(212) 605-3800

*CDN SOURCE:
WITCO CANADA INC
2 LANSING SQ, SUITE 1200
IYILLOAIIALE, ONT
M2J 424 (416) 497-9991
FAX (416) 497-7110

**

.
0

HITCO CHEWICAL COW

520 bLUlISON AVE
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, USA

: 12.9

: GITCMIIDE~~
: 1.030
: 5140

: 9.0

:
0

MATERIAL TO BE DILUTED PRIOR TO A D D S G TO CONCRETE,

ALL OF THE LISTED PRODUCTS ARE IN THE FOW OF A LIQUID. THE AIR ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES LISTED MUST NOT BE YKEUUEL) BITH A CHEMICAL
ADMIXTURE SOLUTION. WERE ROTH A CIEMICAI.ADNISTURE AND AN AIR
ENTRAINING mnsix-rumm USED IN caNcmE, THE TWO MATERIALS MUSTBE
DISPENSED SEPARATELY.