TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION
II. OBJECTIVES
a. General Objectives
b. Specific Objectives
III. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
a. Scope
b. Limitations
IV. THEORY
V. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
VI. DESIGN PROCESS
VII. MATERIALS
VIII. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
IX. CONCLUSION
X. RECOMMENDATION
XI. APPENDICES
A.
B.
C.
D.

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
SPECIFICATIONS OF MATERIAL USED
REFERENCES

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I. INTRODUCTION

Most people really hate being late and have tried many times to fix it,
punctual people misunderstand. They think youre doing it as a control thing,
or that youre selfish or inconsiderate. But it really is a much more complex
problem than it seems
In a survey conducted, out of 225 people, she found that about 17
percent were chronically late. Among them, there were clear patterns. Late
people tended to procrastinate more, demonstrated trouble with self-control
(were more prone to habits such as overeating, drinking too much, gambling
and impulse shopping), showed an affinity for thrill-seeking and displayed
ADD-like symptoms0restlessness, trouble focusing and attention issues (de
Larzon,2016).
Alarm clocks have been in use for centuries because they solve a real
problemensuring we wake up on time. Their utility is undeniable, and many
of us would probably have a hard time making it to work every day without
one.
Ideally, a person will wake on his or her own when they need to each
morning. These are the people who set an alarm but wake a few minutes before
the alarm sounds, as if their brain has an expectation to be awake at a certain
time.
On the other hand is the person who needs two or three alarms to wake
them. Our busy schedules and external influences like mobile phones,
televisions, tablets, streetlights, neighborhood noises and a myriad of other
stimuli can interrupt our sleep, which requires our bodies to demand more
sleep and, in turn, lead to us waking feeling drowsy and tired.
For humans, it is not that difficult to override our internal clock: staying
up late or having an irregular sleep/wake schedule can influence our internal
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clock and make it difficult to arise when we need to. Shift workers (those who
work when the rest of us sleep) often alter their internal body clock, flipping
and flopping their day/night schedules, and may need alarm clocks to wake
them as they battle their internal biology. (Muehlbach, 2016).
Gizduino, is a type of arduino which is a microcontroller board
design.These systems provide sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins
that can interface to various expansion boards (termed shields) and other
circuits. The boards feature serial communication interfaces, including
Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, for loading programs from
personal computers. For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino
project provides anintegrated development environment (IDE) based on a
programming

language

named

Processing,

which

also

supports

the

languagesC and C++.

In this project, researchers will be creating a prototype of a buggy,that is
programmed to move while avoiding obstruction; a buzzer sound that functions
as an alarm and a real time clock display.

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II. OBJECTIVES
General objectives:

To be able to apply the theories and concepts that weve learned in the

Instrumentation and Control Systems through our prototype.

To be able to incorporate Control System with our major, Manufacturing

Engineering.
To be able to collaborate with our professor in terms of ideas and other
principles that will be needed in the project.
Specific Objectives:

To be able to design a prototype using the concept of Arduino.

To be able to come up with a simple project that could help a large
number of people.

III. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

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Scope: - nica

Limitations:

IV. THEORY
The buggy combines four independent subsystems to accomplish this
tasknavigation, sensing, real time clock display, buzzer for alarm and other
controls programmedall of which are mounted together on a board. All of
these subsystems are interfaced through an Arduino microcontroller.
It accomplishes navigation by driving with two wheels, each of which is
mounted on a motor driver shield that is subsequently mounted on the board.
The wheels are actuated by an Arduino microcontroller that sets them to drive
forwards when the attached ultrasonic sensor detect the way is clear and
instructs the buggy itself to move forward, backward and combinations of
forward and backward in place when the an obstruction is on its way _____ cm
away, the sensor will signal information to the arduino and the set programmed
will be the basis to send command to the motor then the buggy will start to
move.
(theory about the mechanisms of arduino) nica
Theory operation
Hardware
Software

V. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
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(system requirement: software itself) dulie

VI. DESIGN PROCESS

(schematic) janram /je

VII. MATERIALS
a. Gizduino - Arduino refers to an open-source electronics platform or
board and the software used to program it. Arduino is designed to make
electronics more accessible to artists, designers, hobbyists and anyone
interested in creating interactive objects or environments. Gizduino is a
clone of arduino. This is where the program is being stored. It is the
brain of the buggy alarm.
b. Utrasonic Sensor-

Ultrasonic sensors are sensors that are convert

ultrasound waves to electrical signals or vice versa.

A special sonic transducer is used for the ultrasonic proximity sensors,
which allows for alternate transmission and reception of sound waves.
The sonic waves emitted by the transducer are reflected by an object and
received back in the transducer. After having emitted the sound waves,
the ultrasonic sensor will switch to receive mode. The time elapsed
between emitting and receiving is proportional to the distance of the
object from the sensor.
c. Real

Time

Clock

(RTC)-

A real-time

clock (RTC)

is

a computer clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that

keeps track of the current time. Although the term often refers to the
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devices inpersonal computers, servers and embedded systems, RTCs are

present in almost any electronic device which needs to keep accurate
time.

The

term real-time

ordinary hardware

clock is

clocks which

used

are

to

avoid

confusion

only signals that

with

govern digital

electronics, and do not count time in human units. RTC should not be
confused

with real-time

computing,

which

shares

its three-letter

acronym but does not directly relate to time of day. Most RTCs use
a crystal oscillator, but some use the power line frequency. In many
cases, the oscillator's frequency is 32.768 kHz. This is the same
frequency used in quartz clocks and watches, and for the same reasons,
namely that the frequency is exactly 215cycles per second, which is a
convenient rate to use with simple binary counter circuits.
d. Buzzer- A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be
mechanical,

electromechanical,

or

piezoelectric.

Typical

uses

of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation

of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

e. Motor Driver Shield- The Arduino Motor Shield is a shield that lets you
control various loads that a typical Arduino pin cannot drive. The motor
shield has quite a few features such as current measuring and the ability
to drive a dual stepper motor. Its function is to regulate the current that
will enter the system and to drive the two motors.
f. Motor- Motor is a machine or engine that imparts motion. A motor
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Its function is to
convert electrical energy to mechanical energy that is required to produce
torque to make the wheels turn.

g. Battery-

An

electric battery is

device

consisting

of

one

or

more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power

electrical

devices

such

as flashlights, smartphones,

and electric

cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is

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the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode The terminal marked
negative is the source of electrons that when connected to an external
circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external device. When a battery
is connected to an external circuit,electrolytes are able to move as ions
within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the separate
terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit. It is the movement
of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the
battery to perform work.Historically the term "battery" specifically
referred to a device composed of multiple cells, however the usage has
evolved to additionally include devices composed of a single cell.
h. Charger-

charger

works

by

supplying

a constant

DC

or pulsed

DC power source to a battery being charged. The simple charger does not
alter its output based on time or the charge on the battery. This
simplicity means that a simple charger is inexpensive, but there is a
tradeoff in quality. Typically, a simple charger takes longer to charge a
battery to prevent severe over-charging. Even so, a battery left in a simple
charger for too long will be weakened or destroyed due to over-charging.
These chargers can supply either a constant voltage or a constant
current to the battery.
i. Wheels- Wheels a circular object that revolves on an axle and is fixed
below a vehicle or other object to enable it to move easily over the
ground.
j. Wires- A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of
metal.

Wires

are

used

to

bear

mechanicalloads or electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is

commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw
plate. Wire gaugescome in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms
of a gauge number. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a
bundle of such strands, as in "multistranded wire", which is more
correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity. Wire
comes in solid core, stranded, or braided forms. Although usually
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circular in cross-section, wire can be made in square, hexagonal,

flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative
purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiencyvoice
coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy,
are made of special flattened wire.
k. Resistors- A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistanceas a circuit element. Resistors may be
used to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, may act to lower
voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to
limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission linesamong other uses. High-power resistors,
that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as
part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads
forgenerators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly
with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be
used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp
dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or
chemical activity.
Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic
circuits and are ubiquitous inelectronic equipment. Practical resistors as
discrete components can be composed of various compounds and forms.
Resistors are also implemented withinintegrated circuits. The electrical
function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial
resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of
magnitude.

The

nominal

value

of

the

resistance

falls

within

the manufacturing tolerance, indicated on the component

l. Lead- Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) solders, also called soft solders, are commercially
available with tin concentrations between 5% and 70% by weight. The
greater the tin concentration, the greater the solders tensile andshear
strengths. Alloys commonly used for electrical soldering are 60/40 SnPb, which melts at 188 C (370 F),[6] and 63/37 Sn-Pb used principally
in electrical/electronic work.
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m. Acrylic- stands out from other plastics due to its high light transmission;
its extremely long service life, its specific properties such as high
resistance to UV light and weathering and unlimited coloring options.
Added to this, Acrylic shows the greatest surface hardness of all
thermoplastics. It can be fabricated by means of all thermoforming
methods, and therefore offers huge creative scope. Acrylic sheets come in
a wide range of sizes and thickness. Characteristics include: durability,
clarity, consistent quality, versatility, and outstanding performance.

VIII. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

1. - earl

IX. CONCLUSION - jeciel (soon)

X. RECOMMENDATION - earl

XI. APPENDICES
A. List of Figures B. List of Tables -

C. Specifications of materials Used dulie

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D. References - janram
E. Code mayo

TO DO LIST:
Scope and limitations nica
Theory nica
System requirement - dulie
Design process janram/jeciel
Construction procedure earl
Conclusion jeciel
Recommendation earl
Specification of materials used dulie
References janram
Codes mayo

A. Specifications of materials Used dulie

a. RTC DS1307
Completely Manages All Timekeeping Functions
o Real-Time Clock Counts Seconds, Minutes, Hours,
Date of the Month, Month, Day of the Week, and Year with
Leap-Year Compensation Valid Up to 2100
o 56-Byte, Battery-Backed, General-Purpose RAM
with Unlimited Writes
o Programmable Square-Wave Output Signal
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Simple Serial Port Interfaces to Most Microcontrollers

o I 2 C Serial Interface
Low Power Operation Extends Battery Backup Run Time
o Consumes Less than 500nA in BatteryBackup
Mode with Oscillator Running
o Automatic Power-Fail Detect and Switch Circuitry
8-Pin DIP and 8-Pin SO Minimizes Required Space
Optional Industrial Temperature Range: -40C to +85C
Supports Operation in a Wide Range of Applications
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Recognized

b. 5V PIEZO BUZZER
Tone type: single
Operating voltage: 3-6V DC
Rated voltage: 5V DC
Current consumption: 25mA
Osc. frequency: 3.2kHz
Sound level: 87dB
Connector type: PCB
Body color: Black
Weight: 0.056 oz
c. 1pin M/F Red

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