Chapter 24:

Transition
Elements
Part 1: General Physical Properties

Introduction

d-block elements: elements that are placed in between sblock and p-block

All elements in the d-block has the configuration ndx

The first row: 3d

Reminder: when filling in electrons for d-block elements, fill

in 4s first before filling in 3d

But when writing, write 3d followed by 4s

Electronic configuration

The electronic structures of the d block elements shown are:

Sc

[Ar] 3d14s2

Ti

[Ar] 3d24s2

[Ar] 3d34s2

Cr

[Ar] 3d54s1

Mn

[Ar] 3d54s2

Fe

[Ar] 3d64s2

Co

[Ar] 3d74s2

Ni

[Ar] 3d84s2

Cu

[Ar] 3d104s1

Zn

[Ar] 3d104s2

Definition: Transition metal

Transition metals: a metal that has one
or more ions with unpaired d-electrons

Transition metal

In the first row, everything

except for scandium and zinc

Physical properties
Has

similar properties with most metals

they have high melting points

high densities
hard and rigid
good conductors of electricity and heat

Physical properties
D-block

Uses

elements has metallic bonding

both 3d and 4s electrons for bonding

Stronger

metallic bonding than normal metals

Stronger

metallic bonding results in :

Greater melting temperature

Increase in hardness

Physical properties
Successive

ionisation energy: no obvious energy

gap is observed when electrons are removed from
4s to 3d

the

energy gap between the shells are rather small

The

big gap is observed when the electron is

removed from 3d to 3p

Redox reaction
Transition

metals exist in various oxidation states

In

presence of suitable reducing/oxidising agent,

the oxidation state of a transition metal can be
changed easily

The

feasibility of change in oxidation state can be

determined using reduction potential.

Ex:

the reaction between Fe2+ and MnO4-

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THE END

Prepared by Vijaiyan Karthigesh

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