EEL6269 Advanced Topics

in Power Engineering
Lecture 2 - DMS
Dr. Wei Sun
HEC 306, sun@ucf.edu
Fall 2016, ECE Dept.
* Refer to Dr. C-W Tens slides

One-line Diagram of Typical

Primary Distribution Feeders

Distribution Substation
Breaker
Feeder
Distribution transformers (DT)
Laterals (branches)
Underground cables
Overhead lines
Shunt capacitors
Voltage regulators
Switches / disconnectors
Reclosers
Remote controllable switches
NO switches (Tie switches)
NC Switches

Fuses
Distributed Generators / Storage2

Primary Distribution
Network (Overhead Line)

Unbalanced (different
phase of distribution
transformer tap, e.g.,
abc, a, b, c, bc, ab, and
ac combinations )

Radial

Primary and Secondary

Networks

Outline
Distribution automation and technologies dealing with electrical
overcurrent (fault) condition

Network applications

Fault detection
Fault isolation and service restoration
Distribution power flow
Short circuit analysis

Operations applications

Trouble call system

Crew management system
Outage management system
Customer information system
4

Distribution Automation (DA)

Distribution substation control
Automatic operation within a substation

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

DA Bus Failover

Fault occurs on the

transformer

Reference: M. Delson, J. McDonald, Utility University, DistribuTECH, Feb. 3, 2003

DA Bus Failover

Protection relay
isolates the power
transformer from the
distribution substation

Reference: M. Delson, J. McDonald, Utility University, DistribuTECH, Feb. 3, 2003

DA Bus Failover

Close bus section

switch to restore service
to secondary bus

Reference: M. Delson, J. McDonald, Utility University, DistribuTECH, Feb. 3, 2003

DA Bus Failover

Restore from adjacent

substation by feeder
automation

Reference: M. Delson, J. McDonald, Utility University, DistribuTECH, Feb. 3, 2003

SCADA
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Data acquisition, remote control, and information
display / processing system

10

Distribution Management System

(DMS)
Computerized energy management system with the
software and hardware facilities for operational purpose
to monitor and control distribution feeders.
DMS is part of a SCADA function that consists of
applications that will provide online recommendation to
dispatchers at the distribution dispatching centers.

11

Distribution Operation Functions

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
Remote Monitoring and Control
Fault detection
Trouble call analysis
Network reconfiguration and restoration
Alarm processing
Voltage / VAR Control

12

Distribution Operation Functions

Voltage / VAR Control

Detection and prediction of voltage violations

Capacitor switching
Coordination of V-Q control equipment
Static VAr Compensator (SVC) control
Load Tap Change (LTC) control

13

Distribution Operation Functions

Service Restoration

Restoration time
Loss minimization
Effective crew dispatch for service restoration
Voltage limit violation
Equipment rating violation
Customer prioritization
Unbalance alleviation
Protection device coordination

14

DMS Network Architecture for

Distribution Primary Network
Control Center
Server #1

Server #2(Backup)
MMI
(Client #2)

LAN

MMI
(Client #1)
FEP(for wireless)

MMI
(Client #3)

FEP(for wire)

Communication
room
Gateway
Terminal server

Optic modem Shelf

Wireless networks

Modem
Optic networks

Pair cable
(multidrop)

Field
modem
modem

FRTU

modem
FRTU

FRTU

15

DMS Network Connection

with other DA Networks

pnctech products

http://www.pnctech.co.kr

16

Feeder Remote Terminal Unit

(FRTU)
Load Break Switch (LBS) or
Disconnector

FRTU

17

Feeder Remote Terminal Unit

(FRTU)
Remote Terminal Unit
Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC)

Modem Space
Battery (24V)

Transformer

Power / Control
Receptacle
This FRTU is manufactured by pnctech http://www.pnctech.co.kr

18

FRTU - Status Monitoring

Fault detection indicator

Temporary & permanent

Open line detection

Source-side & load-side

Open/Close, Lock/Unlock, Local/Remote

Battery failure, low gas pressure

External power loss, case door open

Phase sync fail detection

Switchgear (handle) lock

19

FRTU Measurements

Phase / neutral currents

Phase voltages
Daily peak load currents
Average load currents
Power factor
Apparent power
Optional: active & reactive power, energy, etc.

20

Automated Mapping/Facility
Management (AM/FM)
A specific application of the GIS at SCADA
system that is aimed at providing database
query and graphical user-interface for efficient
management of distribution feeders and devices.

21

User Interface for

Dispatchers
Mini-Map

Monitoring & Control

Alarm
Historical logs

Equipment Information

GIS Map
Switch & Line Symbol

This MMI software was developed by and used in KEPCO (Korean power utility)

22

Geographic Information System

(GIS)
A computerized mapping system with the capability to
store and display the geographic locations of customers,
feeder sections, substations, and/or pieces of equipment.
A GIS can be linked to the on-line environment of a
SCADA/DMS.
GIS Importation Tool to SCADA

23

Customer Information System

(CIS)
Computerized management system to connect
DMS and customer database

addresses,
phone number(s),
account number,
billing status, and
point of the distribution system where the customer is
served.

24

Trouble Call System for

Outage Management

25

Trouble Call System

Trouble call tickets require interface with
GIS
CIS
SCADA

Performs other management applications

Receive calls
Diagnosing and locating the fault
Ascertaining all affected customers
Restoring the network

If there is no metering device for the household, trouble

calls are crucial to report outage
26

Faulted Section Identification

Faulted Section (between Yes and No)

Trip(Yes)

FI(Yes)

FI(Yes)

FI(No)

FI(No)

Fault Current
Fault
Substation

Ground
27

Fault Location
When a permanent fault occurs, customers on unfaulted section of
the feeder may experience a lengthy outage

Time to learn that a fault has occurred (minutes)

Field crew travel time (20 minutes or more)
Patrol Time (20 minutes or more)
Manual switching activities (20 minutes or more)

Fault location and service restoration provides means to locate

fault quickly and to restore service to some customers before field
crews arrive

28

Major Components
Remotely controlled feeder switches
Load break, recloser, sectionalizer, etc.
Normally-closed (NC) line switches
Normally-open (NO) tie switches

Fault detector unit

Indicates that a fault has occurred downstream
Further away from the substation

Two way communications

Master station running fault location and service restoration software

29

Modes of Operation
Supervised
Dispatcher uses system to monitor feeders and to operate
switches

Permissive
System makes switching recommendations which dispatcher
reviews and approves

Fully automated
System automatically operates switches to optimally restore
service

30

Feeder Service Restoration

One of the most important function of DMS
Problem has combinatorial nature
Deals with the on/off status of the switches

Service restoration system

Considers multiple criteria

KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

31

Example Service Restoration

Fault occurs on the feeder
F3
F5

F6

F9

F2

Fault Current
F10
Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4

KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

32

Example Service Restoration

Protective relay opens CB
F3
F5

F6

OC(G)R

F9
Trip

Open

F2

F10
Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4
KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

33

Example Service Restoration

Faulted section identification
F3
F5

F6

FI set

F9

F2
FI report
F10

Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4
KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

34

Example Service Restoration

Faulted section isolation
F3

Section
restored

F5

F6

F9

F2
Clos
e

Open
Open
F10

Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4
KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

35

Example Service Restoration

Outage area to be transferred
F3
F5

F6
Outage area

F9

F2

F10
Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4
KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

36

Example Service Restoration

Execute restoration plan
F3
F5

F6
F9

Outage area

F2
Close

F10

Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4
KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

37

Example Service Restoration

Field crew
F3
F5

F6
F9

F2

F10
Distribution Dispatching Center

F7

F8
F4
KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Cooperation

38

Benefits
Labor savings due to reduced patrol and manual
switching time (typically small $ benefit)
Reduction in unserved energy due to power being
restored quicker for some customers (typically small
$ benefit)
Assist in achieving Performance Based Rate (PBR)
targets for outage duration (large where applicable)

39

Benefits (cont.)
Reduction in power outage costs to the
customer
Retail store losses in sales
Loss of manufacturing productivity
Loss of raw materials for industrial processes
Loss of food
Costs to run private generators

40

Benefits (cont.)
Minimum operation time (a few minutes)
Automatic reclosing time
Communication time
Operator decision making time

System Average Interruption Duration Index

(SAIDI) and Customer Average Interruption
Duration Index (CAIDI) should be reduced
significantly

41

Future Service Restoration

Technology
Multi-agent system
Ethernet based peer-to-peer communication
Combine protection and restoration

Expected benefits
Reduce outage times
Improved System Reliability!!!

Operator supervision in restoration planning

42

References

S.-J. Lee, S.-I. Lim, and B.-S. Ann, Service Restoration of Primary Distribution
Systems Based on Fuzzy Evaluation of Multi-Criteria, IEEE Trans. Power
Systems, Aug. 1998, pp. 1156-1163.
M.-S. Tsai, C.-C. Liu, V.N. Mesa, and R. Hartwell, "IOPADS (Intelligent Operational
Planning Aid for Distribution Systems)," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, July 1993, pp.
1562-1569.
C.-C. Liu, S.-J. Lee, and K. Vu, "Loss Minimization of Distribution Feeders:
Optimality and Algorithms" IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, April 1989, pp. 12811289.
C.-C. Liu, S.-J. Lee, and S.-S. Venkata, An Expert System Operational Aid for
Restoration and Loss Reduction of Distribution Systems IEEE Trans. Power
Systems, May 1988, pp. 619-626.
F. F. Wu, K. Moslehi, and A. Bose, Power System Control Center: Past, Present
and Future, IEEE Proc., Nov. 2005, pp. 1890-1908.
T. Gonen, Electric Power Distribution System Engineering, Second Edition CRC
Press.

43