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07/11/05
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SLAB DESIGN
BEAM DESIGN
COLUMN DESIGN
FOUNDATION DESIGN
SLAB
DESIGN
Ref
Calculation
Design of slab for Residence Area on Second Floor
Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance = 20mm
Since 25>20, provide nominal cover = 25mm
Therefore durability and fire resistance are satisfactory.
Preliminary sizing of Slab
SLAB SKETCH
Table
3.14
Loading
Self weight of slab = conc. *0.150
= 24 *0.150 = 3.60KN/m2
Ceilings and floors = 0.5KN/m2
Walls and partitions = 1KN/m2
Total Dead load = (3.60+0.5+1)KN/m2 Gk =5.10KN/m2
Imposed load = 3.0KN/m2
Qk= 3.0KN/m2
Output
No comp.
required
Ref
Output
Ref
BS 8110
Steel Area Check
1997
Short span
Table
3.27
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*150 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*150
360 mm2 < 376 mm2 <6000mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory.
Output
As
satisfactory
Long span
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*107 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*107
256.8mm2 < 376 mm2 <4280mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory.
BS 8110
Cracking Check
3.1211.2 Maximum clear distance between bars in tension <3d or 750
Short span
3*119 = 357mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
Therefore cracking width is satisfactory.
Long span
3*107 =321mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
Therefore cracking width is satisfactory.
BS8110
Table
3.16
Shear check
If depth of slab is<200mm no shear reinforcement is required.
Depth of slab =180mm<200mm
Therefore provide no shear reinforcement.
Cracking
width o.k
No shear
rnft required
Ref
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq 7.0
Output
Deflection Check
Short span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =3800/119 =32.0
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 10.68 *106/1000*1192 =0.75
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*397.7) / (3*411)
fs= 161.27
Therefore , Mf = 0.5
Hence select Mf = 0.5 , (0.5*26=13)
Also; 32>13
Deflection is not within limits
Mf =1 is
good
Long span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =6300/107=58.87
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 1.72*106/1000*1072=0.15
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=(2*250*71.2)/(3*376)
fs= 31.56
Therefore , Mf = 3.54
Hence select Mf = 3.54 , (3.54*26=92.04)
Also; 58.87<92.04
Deflection is within limits
Mf=3.5 is
better
Ref
Output
Ref
SLAB SKETCH
Output
No comp.
Required
Ref
Output
Ref
Output
Ref
BS 8110
Steel Area Check
1997
Short span
Table
3.27
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*150 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*150
360 mm2 < 376 mm2 <6000mm2
Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory.
Output
As
satisfactory
Long span
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*107 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*107
256.8 mm2 < 376 mm2 <4280mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory.
BS 8110
Cracking Check
3.1211.2 Maximum clear distance between bars in tension <3d or 750
Short span
3*119 = 357mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
Therefore cracking width is satisfactory.
Long span
3*107 =321mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
Therefore cracking width is satisfactory.
BS8110
Table
3.16
Shear check
If depth of slab is<200mm no shear reinforcement (rnft) is
required. Depth of slab =180mm<200mm
Therefore provide no shear reinforcement.
Cracking
width ok
No shear
rnft required
Ref
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq 7.0
Output
Deflection Check
Short span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =3800/119 =31.9
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 14.48 *106/1000*1192 =1.02
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*565) / (3*376)
fs= 250.4
Therefore , Mf = 0.98
Hence select Mf = 0.98 , (0.98*26=25.48)
Also; 31.9>25.48
Deflection is not within limits
Long span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =6300/107=58.87
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 2.75*106/1000*1072=0.24
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=(2*250*113.9)/(3*376)
fs= 50.48
Therefore , Mf = 3.12
Hence select Mf = 3 , (3.0*26=78)
Also; 58.87<78
Deflection is within limits
Mf=1.0
Ref
Qk= 3.0KN/m2
Output
Ref
Output
Ref
Reinforcement Analysis
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=10.94*106/(1000*1492*30)
=0.00164<0.156
There is no compression reinforcement needed
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=149[0.5 +(0.25-0.00164/0.9)1/2]
Z=0.98d , choose Z=0.95d
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=10.94*106/(0.95*149*250)
As=309.148mm2
Provide 160R12@300c/c(376mm2) bottom
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=6.38*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.018<0.156
There is no compression reinforcement needed
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.018/0.9)1/2]
Z=0.98d , choose Z=0.95d
As = My/0.95fyZ
=6.38*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=264.3mm2
Provide 10R12@300c/c(376mm2) bottom
Output
Ref
Output
Ref
DESIGN OF
ROOF BEAM
Output
Ref
Output
Part
1
1997
Tabl
e 3.2
&3.3
2.3m
Cover
=25mm
6.3m
D
=450mm
b=
300mm
d1=411m
m
Ref
Output
Ref
Output
Ref
BS
8110
1997
3.12.61
Table
3.27
Output
As is
satisfactory
Shear Check
BS 8110
Table
3.7
No shear
Rnft
required
Asv=201.08
Ref
Output
Deflection Check
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq
7.0
Ref
Output
Design loads
Design load n= 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
Span 3.8m nA= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nB= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nC= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nD= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Ref
Output
Ref
Output
BS 8110
Table
3.7
As is
satisfactory
Shear Check
Maximum shear =16.97KN
Actual shear v =V/bd
v = 16.97*103/(411*300)
v =0.13N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
therefore ultimate shear is avoided
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*300)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.058
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.0028<0.13<0.458
Above condition is satisfied
Therefore no shear reinforcement is required
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is
provided.
Asv=2*R2/4
= 2**8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (Asv*.95fy/0.4d)
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
Therefore provide R8 links @250c/c
No shear
Rnft
required
Asv=201.08
Ref
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq
7.0
Output
Ref
DESIGN
OF FLOOR BEAM
Output
Ref
bf
A1
3800mm
A2
3800mm
A3
3800mm
A4
hf
3800mm
D d
bw
Output
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Choose R8 as links bar
Choose R12 as reinforcement bar
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
h1=150mm
bw=350mm
bf <bw+1/5(0.7*effective span)
bf <0.35+1/5(0.7*3.8)
bf <0.35+0.532
bf=900mm
Ref
Output
Loadings
Dead loads:
Self weight of slab= (3.61*0.15*24)/3.8
=3.42KN/m
Self weight of beam =(0.45-.15)*24*.35 =2.52KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (3.61*3)/3.8 =1.425KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+2.52+1.425=7.37KN/m
Gk=7.37
Qk =2.85
NB: since all the beams have the same area n1=n2=n3=n4=n
Ultimate moment n=1.4Gk+1.6Qk
N= (1.4*7.37)+(1.6*2.85)=14.87KN/m
n1=n2=n3=n4=n=14.871KN/m
n=14.871
KN/m
Ref
Output
Ref
BS
8110
1997
3.12.61
Table
3.27
BS 8110
Table
3.7
Shear Check
Maximum shear =28.25KN
Actual shear v =V/bd
v = 28.25*103/(411*350)
v =0.196N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
therefore ultimate shear is avoided
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*226.2/411*350)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.338
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.1696<0.196<0.738
Above condition is satisfied
Therefore no shear reinforcement is required
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is
provided.
Asv=2*R2/4
= 2**8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (Asv*.95fy/0.4d)
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
Therefore provide R8 links @250c/c
Output
Ref
BS
8110
Tabl
e
3.10
Eq
7.0
Deflection Check
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =3800/411 =9.25
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 8.25 *106/350*4112 =0.139
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*105.27) / (3*226.2)
fs= 77.56
Therefore , Mf = 3.2
Hence select Mf = 3.2 , (3.2*26=83.41)
Also; 9.25<83.41
Deflection is within limits
Detailed of beam
01
2R12
15R8@250c/c
15R8@250c/c
2R12
3800mm
3800mm
3800mm
01
900mm
150mm
/c
450mm
0c
25
8@
25cover
Output
Ref
Output
01
03
02
A1
6300mm
A2
2300mm
04
A3
6300mm
bf
hf
D
d
L-BEAM SECTION
bw
A1=7.182m2
A3=7.182m2
A2=2.185m2
Ref
Output
Loadings
Dead loads:
Self weight of slab= (7.182*0.15*24)/6.3
=4.104KN/m
Self weight of beam =(0.45-.15)*24*.35 =2.52KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (7.182*1.5)/6.3 =1.71KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+1.71+4.104=9.13KN/m
Imposed load
Imposed load = (3*7.182)/6.3 =3.42KN/m
Ultimate moment n=1.4Gk+1.6Qk
N1= (1.4*9.13)+(1.6*3.42)=18.26KN/m
However N3=18.26
N1=18.26
N3=18.26
Dead loads:
Self weight of slab= (2.185*0.15*24)/2.3
=3.42KN/m
Self weight of beam =(0.45-.15)*24*.35 =2.52KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (2.185*1.5)/2.3 =1.425KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+2.52+1.425=7.364KN/m
Imposed load
Imposed load = (3*2.185)/2.3=2.85KN/m
Ultimate moment n=1.4Gk+1.6Qk
N2= (1.4*7.364)+(1.6*2.85)=14.87KN/m
N2=14.87
Ref
Output
Ref
BS
8110
1997
3.12.61
Table
3.27
Shear Check
BS 8110
Table
3.7
Output
Ref
BS
811
0
Tabl
e
3.10
Eq
7.0
Deflection Check
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =6300/411 =15.32
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 27.84 *106/350*4112 =0.47
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*327.8) / (3*339.3)
fs= 161.02
Therefore , Mf = 1.9
Hence select Mf = 1.9 , (1.9*26=50.06)
Also; 15.32<50.06
Deflection is within limits
Detailed of beam
2
6300mm
3
2300mm
K
6300mm
3R12
25R8@250c/c
9R8@250c/c
25R8@250c/c
3R12
K
300mm
450mm
SECTION K-K
Output
Ref
COLUMN
DESIGN
Output
Ref
Output
Cover=25
mm
450mm
3075mm
2nd
Floor
150mm
300mm
3075mm
1st
Floor
150mm
300mm
4200mm
Ground
Floor
150mm
Below
Ground
Floor
300mm
A SKETCH OF
A TYPICAL
COLUMN
SECTION
Ref
`
Output
Ref
BS
8110
Part 1
1997
Clause
3.8.4.3
Output
N=63.80KN
Asc=
-8871.9mm2
Ref
BS 8110
clause
3.8.1.6.2
BS 8110
table 3.19
clause3.8.1.6
.1
Output
Ref
Output
Asc =8662.55m
m2
COLUMN DRAWING
150mm
300mm
Roof beam
B 3675mm
300mm
B
300mm
4R16
SECTION B-B
150mm 2nd floor beam
300mm
C
300mm
3675mm
SECTION C-C
4R16
150mm
D
4200mm
300mm
300mm
4R20
Ground floor
SECTION D-D
Ref
BS
Hence concrete grade is o.k
8110
No reinforcement is required. Provide nominal links
3.12.6.2
Size and spacing of links
Minimum size= *size of the largest compression bar or not less
than 5mm
Minimum size=1/4*20=5mm
Provide R8 links
BS 8110
Part 1997
clause
3.8.5
BS
8110
1997
3.8.6
Output
No shear rnft
required.
Provide
nominal links
Sv=150mm
Provide
R8@150c/c
links
Ref
FOUNDATION
DESIGN
Output
Ref
Output
BR 1
Soil lab
data
Design Analysis
Assuming a unit width of blockwall
Area in contact width ground = 0.15*1 =0.15m2
Volume of blockwall, V =0.15*2.425=0.364m3
Unit width of sandcrete block =18KN/m3
Dead load, w =18*0.364=6.55KN
Ultimate design load =1.4*6.55
n =9.17KN
N=9.17KN
Provide width
of strip
footing=150mm
S=45.85KN/m2
Strip width is
ok
Ref
Output
Cover=
50mm
Blinding =
50mm
Preliminary sizing
Minimum depth of 1.5hrs fire resistance = 100mm
Choose thickness of footing = 300mm
Assume square footing of 2.2m*2.2m
Bearing capacity of soil=200KN/m2
Loading
Serviceability Limit state
Total axial design load N=243.3KN
Assume weight of footing =20KN
Total axial load = 243.3+20=263.341KN
Minimum required base area
= 263.34/200
=1.317m2
Minimum length of square base =(1.317)1/2=1.15m
Hence provide a 2.2m*2.2m pad footing(4.84m2)
Design pressure
S=Ultimate design axial load /area of footing
S=263.34/4.84
S=54.41KN/m2
Design pressure< minimum bearing capacity of soil
Hence design pressure is satisfactory and footing size is ok
Effective depth
Assuming R25 bars
Thickness of footing =D=300mm
Therefore d= D-cover-25/2
S=54.41
KN/m2
D=300mm
D=237.5mm
Ref
Output
Reinforcements
BS 8110
1997
3.11.2.2
K= 0.017
k<k
Hence provide no compression reinforcement required.
Lever arm
Z=d{0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2}
Z=d{0.5+(0.25-0.017/0.9)1/2}
Z=0.98d, Z=0.95d
Choose Z=0.95d
Area of steel required
As=Mu/0.95fyz
=54.01*106/(0.95*250*0.95*237.5)
=1008.5mm2
Provide 11R25@225c/c(2181mm2) bottom
W/A
code of
practice
Provide
11R25
@225c/c
Ref
BS
8110
85
table
3.27
BS
8110
97
.12.3.2
BS
8110
Table
2.11.27
RCD
By
Choo
Output
Ref
RCD
by
Choo
Punching Shear
Perimeter for checking punching shear is 1.5d from the loaded
area. 1.5d=1.5*237.5=356.25mm
Sketch
Output