Renal structures and function

1. Renal corpuscle
a. Bowmans capsule-Primary filtration of large ions
b. Afferent arteriole going into glomerulus-glomerulus surrounded by
podocytes and filtration slits-efferent arterioles going out.
c. Capsular space
i. Space outside the glomerulus
2. PCT
a. Microvilli
b. Reabsorption occurs here
i. Ions reabsorbed move into the peritubular fluid, which
surrounds the renal tubule
3. Loop of henle
a. Descending loop reabsorbs water passively
b. Ascending loop actively transports ions into the peritubular fluid
creating a concentration gradient within the medulla peritubular fluidthis creates more water retention
c. DCT
i. Active secretion of ions
ii. Selective reabsorption of ions
iii. Selective reabsorption of water
d. JGA
i. Macula densa
ii. Secretes renin and EPO
1. Controls renal BP
e. Collecting system
i. Drains into papillary ducts-drains into minor calyx-major calyxrenal pelvis and out ureter and bladder
f. Peritubular caps
i. Surround the renal tubules and carry away ions
g. Vasa recta
i. Long straight capillaries surrounding the nephron loops in
juxtamedullary nephrons
Functions of the nephron
1. Filtration
a. Occurs in the glomerus within the renal corpuscle, through filtration
slits
2. Reabsorption
a. Occurs within the PCT, DCT and collecting system
b. PCT, selective reabsorption
3. Secretion
a. Putting ions into the tubular fluid primarily into the dct
Kidney vasculature
1. Arterial to venous
a. Aorta
b. Renal artery
c. Segmental artery
d. Interlobar artery
e. Cortical arcuate artery
f. Cortical radial artery
g. Afferent arteriole
h. Glomerulus
i. Filtration slits

ii. Capsular space

iii. PCT-descending loop-ascending loop-DCT-CD-PD-Min C-Maj
C-RP
i. Efferent arteriole
j. Peritubular caps
k. Venules
l. Cortical radiate veins
m. Cortical arcuate veins
n. Interlobar veins
o. Renal veins
p. IVC
Role of BP regulation
1. JGA
a. Produces renin and epo
b. Renin stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal
c. Angiotensin 2 stimulates ADH and thirst
d. Angiotensin 2 stimulates vasoconstriction
e. Sympathetic tone increases
i. Increased CO
ii. Increased vasoconstriction
GFR
1. Amount of filtrate kidneys produce in 1 minute
a. Plasma concentration A x GFR=filtration rate
i. Ex. Concentration of 120mg/ml in plasma x 125(gfr)R+S=Filtration rate(amount excreted)
2. GFR is related to BP
a. Blood hydrostatic pressure= BP systemic
b. BCOP= concentration of solutes pushing back on BHP
c. CHP=pressure pushing back on glomerulus
3. GFR control
a. Autoregulatory control
i. Myogenic
1. Increased afferent arteriole size causes
vasoconstriction which in turn increases the gfr
a. More Fluid going in increases the gfr but to
regulate it, it constricts
ii. Tubuloglomerular feedback
1. Increased flow through the DCT stimulates decrease
afferent arteriole size which decreases the gfr
a. Does this because less blood is being dumped
in
iii. Hormonal and autonomic control
1. Autonomic input
a. Vasoconstriction of arterioles afferent and
efferent
2. Renin release
a. Angiotensin 2 pathway