LAB

: 3
LAB
: Running Speed
NO.
TITLE
LEVEL OF OPENNESS
: Level
CLASS
: EC110 5F
GROUP LEADER:
STUDENT NO: 2014886638
GROUP MEMBERS
NO. NAME
STUDENT
NO.
1.
Mohamad Izz Mirza Bin Mohd Isa
2014886638
2.
Syawati Binti Warsino
2014864582
3.
Zarifa Izzati Binti Zamri
2014230238
4.
Nur Amirah Aqilah Binti Abd Nasir
2014410008
5.
S
ASSESSMENT OF THE LAB ACTIVITIES
NO. ELEMENT TO ASSESS

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

DAT
E

: 14THJULY
2016

SIGNATUR
E

STUDENT
1
2
3

INDIVIDUAL IN-LAB ACTIVITIES

PUNCTUALITIY
DISCIPLINE (DRESS CODE,SAFETY SHOES,SAFETY
REGULATIONS)
KNOWLEDGE ON OPEN ENDED LABORATORY
GROUP IN-LAB ACTIVITIES
LEADERSHIP SKILL
COMMUNICATION
ORGANISATION/TEAMWORK
LAB REPORT
INTRODUCTION
BASIC CONCEPTS
SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/ METHODS
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
DISCUSSION OF RESULT
CONCLUSION

LECTURERS
SIGNATURE:

REMARKS:

UiTM Pahang
Faculty of Civil
Engineering

ECG 354 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

ECG 354 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

THE REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED 1 WEEK AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE LAB.

REMARK

INTRODUCTION
In this laboratory activity, running speed is determined by dividing the total distance by the
total running time (only the time vehicle is in motion) for the route. That is, all stop-time
delays are excluded. Running speed studies are conducted over a specified route for
determining quality of service between alternate routes. In this laboratory activity, the traffic
pattern at a distance of 0.5 kilometers between two points is identify by dividing the total
distance with the total running time taken.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the test is:
To conduct the Running Speed Study and evaluate the quality of traffic movement along a
route and determine the traffic delays by using a moving test vehicle.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
In this laboratory, students will use Moving Vehicle Technique to conduct the Running Speed
study. The travel time and delay data of Moving Vehicle Technique enables the traffic
engineer to define problem locations to design improvements that may be essential to
increase operational efficiency and safety.
In this technique, the driver and observer makes a round trip on a test section like the one
shown below, where it is assumed that the road runs eastward to section Y-Y, and then turn
the vehicle around and drives westward to section X-X again.

Apparatus
i.

A test vehicle, driver, observers

ii.

Two top watch

iii.

Distance measurement equipment/odometer

iv.

Two field forms.

West
Y

East

PROCEDURES
i. The study area was defined by selected all control points before begin the study.
ii. The time periods recommended for studies are A.M and P.M peak hours as well
as off peak hours.
iii. The test car shall be travelling at the average speed of all vehicles.
iv. Time for stop delay were counted at the junction along the route.
v. The observers make a round trip on a test section, and then turned the vehicle
around and drove back again for at least four (4)times in this technique.
1.1 Test Requirement/Condition
I.
II.

This study should be conducted during average or typical weekday traffic

conditions.
This study should be made during reasonable good weather so that unusual
condition do not influence the study Also, since crash or other unusual delays
will produce erroneous results, any runs made during such an occurrence
should be terminated and another run conducted.

DATA ANALYSIS

Run

Eastward distance
Travel Time, t0
(min)

No. of vehicles
travelling in
opposite
direction, X

No. of vehicles
overtook test
vehicle, X1

No. of vehicles
overtaken by
test vehicle, X2

Total delay
stoppage time
(secs.)

8.30:31

102

41.72

Run

Westward distance
Travel Time,
tf(min)

No. of vehicles
travelling in
opposite
direction, X

No. of vehicles
overtook test
vehicle, Y1

No. of vehicles
overtaken test
vehicle, Y2

Total delay
stoppage time
(secs.)

8.00:30

99

25.68

CALCULATIONS

Eastward
to = 8.30 min / 60 = 0.1383 hr
tr = 8.00 min /60 = 0.1333 hr
1. Traffic volume, q (veh/ hr)

q=

x+ y
t r +t o

102+ 8
0.138+ 0.133

405.90 veh / hr
2. Average journey time
t = to y/q
= 0.138 8/405.9
= 0.118 hr
3. Average running time
Ave. delay =
=

total delay
3600

41.72
3600

= 0.0116 hr
t average delay =0.118 0.0116
= 0.1064 hr
4. Running speed (km/hr)
Running speed
= distance / ave. running time
= 6.8 / 0.1064
= 63.91 km /hr

Westward
to = 8.30 min / 60 = 0.1383 hr

tr = 8.00 min /60 = 0.1333 hr

1. Traffic volume, q (veh/ hr)

q=

x+ y
t r +t o

99+ 0
0.138+ 0.133

365.31 veh /hr

2. Average journey time
t = to y/q
= 0.133 0/365.31
= 0.133hr
3. Average running time

total delay
3600

Ave. delay =

25.68
3600

= 0.0071hr
t average delay =0.133 0.0071
= 0.1259hr
4. Running speed (km/hr)
Running speed
= distance / ave. running time
= 6.8 / 0.1259
= 54.01 km /hr

DATA
Traffic Volume,q
(Veh/hr)

Equation
Eastward
Westward

DISCUSSION

q=

X +Y
tr+

Average Journey
Time,t
(hr)

t = tr -

y
q

Average Running
Time
(hr)

Running speed
(km/hr)

t (average delay)

Distance / Average
running time

405.90

0.118

0.1064

63.91

365.31

0.133

0.1259

54.01

From this experiment, the route have a total distance of 6.7km. The test was
conducted around 3.00 pm which is off peak hour. The vehicle used in this experiment was a
bus. Along the route, several junction and traffic light was found and the delay time was
taken for every stop and delay of the vehicle. The round trip was conducted 1 time only for
this test. The test was made during a good and sunny weather and with no unusual conditions
such as car crash along the journey.
From the data collected, the difference in travel time between eastward and westward
journey is small which is 30sec. However, the delay time for the eastward journey is much
higher which is 41.72sec when compare to the westward journey delay of 25.68sec. By using
the formula below, we can estimate the traffic volume of the route at the time.
Traffic Volume , q(

veh
x+ y
)=
hr
t r +t o

As calculated using the formula, the traffic volume for the eastward and westward
journey is 405.90veh/hr and 365.31veh/hr respectively. This show that the traffic volume of
vehicle during the eastward journey is higher than the westward journey and this will affect
the delay time during the eastward is to be higher than westward since the volume of vehicle
occupied is bigger. From this data also, we can estimate the running speed of the vehicle by
using the formula below which is 63.91km/hr for eastward and 54.01km/hr for westward.
Running speed = distance / ave. running time

The running speed between the round trip journey is not too far apart from each other
Several error may have lead to the inaccuracy of the data calculated. Human error such as the
inaccurate time taken and miscalculated number of vehicle contribute to the factor of
inaccurate reading. The speed of the vehicle may also affect the calculation since the speed of
the vehicle used is not always moving at a constant speed. The conditions of the route, traffic
volume and vehicle movement affect the speed of the vehicle therefore it is not always
constant. Hence, the test should be conducted more than once on the same route thus finding
a more accurate reading since the average data recorded can be used instead of only a single
table of data.