SOEKARNO BIOGRAPHY

R. Soekarno (was born in Blitar, East Java, on June 6 1901 died in Jakarta, on June 21
1970 in the age 69 years) was Indonesian President first that hold the office of in the period 1945
- 1966. He played the role important to liberate the Indonesian nation from the Dutch
colonisation. He was the Kepancasilaanexcavator. He was the Proclaimer of Indonesian
Independence (was with Mohammad Hatta) that happened on August 17 1945. He published the
Letter Of Instruction on March 11 1966 Supersemar that was controversial that, that it seems,
including his contents was assigned Lieutenant General Soeharto to pacify and maintain his
authority. But this Supersemar was misused by Lieutenant General Soeharto to undermine his
authority with the road to accuse him of taking part in masterminding the Movement on
September 30. The charges caused People's Consultative Assembly Sementara that his member
was replaced with the person who for Soeharto, shifted the presidency to Soeharto
The background and education
Soekarno was born by the name of Kusno Sosrodihardjo. His father was
named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo, a teacher in Surabaya, Java. His mother named
Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai came from Buleleng, Bali .
When small Soekarno lived with his grandfather in Tulungagung, East Java. In the age 14 years,
a friend of his father who was named OemarSaid Tjokroaminoto asked Soekarno to live in
Surabaya and to be sent to school to Hoogere Burger School (H.B.S.) there while reciting the
Koran in the Tjokroaminoto place. In Surabaya, Soekarno often met the leaders of the Islam
union, the organisation that was led byTjokroaminoto at that time. Soekarno afterwards gathered
with
theJong Java
organisation
(the
Javanese
Young
Man).
Graduate from H.B.S. in 1920, Soekarno continued to Technische HogeSchool (now ITB) in
Bandung, and was finished during 1925. During in Bandung, Soekarno interacted
with Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Dr.Douwes Dekker, that at that time were the leader of the
NationalIndische Partij organisation.
Soekarno's family
Soekarno's wife
Oetari
Inggit Garnasih
Fatmawati
Hartini
RatnaSari Dewi Soekarno (the original name: Naoko Nemoto)
Haryati

Soekarno sons and daughters

Guruh Soekarnoputra
Megawati Soekarnoputri, Republic of Indonesia President the term of office of 20012004
Guntur Soekarnoputra
Rachmawati Soekarnoputri
Sukmawati Soekarnoputri
Taufan and Bayu (from the wife Hartini)
Kartika Sari Dewi Soekarno (from the wife Ratna sari DewiSoekarno
Really the national movement
During 1926, Soekarno established Algemene Studie Club in Bandung. This organisation
became the young coconut the future Party ofnational Indonesia that was established during
1927. Soekarno'sactivity in PNI caused him to be arrested by the Netherlands in December 1929,
and bring up pledoi him that was phenomenal: Indonesian Criticize, until being released again on
December 31 1931. In July 1932, Soekarno gathered with the Indonesian Party (Partindo), that
was the fragment of PNI. Soekarno again was arrested in August 1933, and was isolated to
Flores. Here, Soekarno was almost forgotten by national leading figures. However his spirit
continued to glow as being implied in each one of his letters to a Teacher the Islam Association
named Ahmad Hassan. During 1938 till 1942 Soekarnowas isolated to
the Bengkulu Province. Soekarno just again was free in the Japanese colonisation period during
1942.
Really the Japanese colonisation
At the beginning of the Japanese colonisation period (1942-1945), the Japanese government had
an opportunity to not pay attention to leading figures of the Indonesian movement especially to
"pacify" his existence in Indonesia.This was seen in the Movement 3A with his leading figure
of Shimizu and Mr. Syamsuddin that were a little unpopular.
However finally, the government of the Japanese occupation pay attention to and at the same
time making use of the leading figure of the Indonesian leading figure like Soekarno,
Mohammad Hatta et cetera in each organisation and the agency agency to appealing the
Indonesian inhabitants. Named in various organisations like Javanese Hokokai,Pusat of
the Rakyat Power (Putera), BPUPKI and PPKI, the leading figure of the leading figure
like Soekarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, K.H Mas Mansyur and so on other was talk about and
seen so active. And finally national leading figures co-operated with the government of the
Japanese occupation to achieve Indonesian independence, although there are those that carried
out the underground movement like Sutan Syahrir and Amir Sjarifuddin because of considering
Japan was the dangerous fascist.
President Soekarno personally, during the speech on the opening by text reading of the
proclamation of independence, said that although in fact we co-operated with Japan in fact we
believed and have faith as well as relied on the strength personally.

He was active in an effort to preparations for Indonesian independence, among them were to
formulate Kepancasilaan, UUD 1945 and the foundation of the foundation of the Indonesian
government including formulating the text of the proclamation of Independence. He could be
persuaded xNP to take refuge in Rengasdengklok PeristiwaRengasdengklok.
During 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo invited the Indonesian leading figure
namely Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta and KiBagoes Hadikoesoemo to Japan and was received
directly by Emperor Hirohito. Moreover the emperor gave the empire Star (Ratna Suci) to three
Indonesian leading figures. Penganugerahan Bintang made the government of the Japanese
occupation most startled, because that was significant that the three Indonesian leading figures it
was considered the family of Japanese Emperor personally. In August 1945, he was invited by
the Marshal Terauchi, headed by the South-East Asian territory Army in Dalat Vietnam that
afterwards stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence was the people's Indonesian
affair personally
However his involvement in the organisation bodies of the Japanese construction
made Soekarno be accused of by the Netherlands co-operating with Jepang,betwen other in the
case romusha.
Revolutionary war time
Soekarno with national leading figures began to prepare gazed at the Proclamation of Republic
of Indonesia independence. After the session of the Investigator's Body preparations efforts for
Indonesian Independence BPUPKI, The Small Committee that consisted of eight people
(official), the Small Committee that consisted of nine people/the Committee of nine (that
produced Jakarta Charter) and the preparations Committee for Independence
Indonesian PPKI, Soekarno-Hattaestablished the Indonesian Country was based
on Kepancasilaan andUUD 1945.
After meeting the Terauchi Marshal in Dalat, Vietnam, theRengasdengklok Incident on August
16 1945 happened; Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta were persuaded xNP by the young men to
take refuge in the barracks of defence troops Motherland Peta Rengasdengklok. The leading
figure of the young man who persuaded in part Soekarni,Wikana, Singgih as well
as Chairul Saleh. The young men demanded that Soekarno and Hatta immediately proclaimed
Republic of Indonesia independence, because in Indonesia happened vacuum of the authority.
This was caused because Japan has surrendered and allied troops did not yet arrive.
However Soekarno, Hatta and the leading figures refused on the basis of being waiting for the
clarity concerning the Japanese surrender. The other developing reason was Soekarno appointed
moment exact for Republic of Indonesia independence that is chosen by him on August 17 1945
at that time coincided with the date 17Ramadhan, the holy month of Muslim who were believed
in was the date of the fall of the first revelation Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad SAW
namely Al Qur-an. On August 18 1945, Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta were appointed
by PPKI to Republic of Indonesia President and Vice President. On August 29 1945 the
appointment became the President and Vice President was strengthened by KNIP. Inon
September 19 1945 Soekarno's authority could resolve without Ikadabloodshed of the field

incident where 200,000 Jakarta peoples would the clash with Japanese troops that were still
fully-armed.
At the time of the arrival of the Ally (AFNEI) that was led by Lt Gen. Mystically
Phillip Christison, Christison had finally acknowledged the Indonesian sovereignty de facto after
holding the meeting with President Soekarno. President Soekarno also tried to resolve the crisis
in Surabaya. However resulting from the provocation that was launched by NICA troops (the
Netherlands) that followed the Ally. (was supervised by England) exploded the Incident on
November 10 1945 in Surabaya and fell him Brigadier General A.W.S Mallaby.
Because of many provocations in Jakarta at that time, PresidentSoekarno had finally moved the
Republic of Indonesia capital from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed by the Vice President and
the senior official of the other country.
The position President Soekarno according to UUD 1945 was President's position as the head of
government and the head of state (presidential/single the Executive). For the revolution of
fredom, sistemthe government changed became semi-presidential/double the Executive.
President Soekarno as the Head of State and Sutan Syahrir as the Prime Minister/ Head of
Government. That happened because of the existence of the announcement Vice President No X,
and the announcement of the government in November 1945 about the political party. This was
followed so that the Republic of Indonesia it was considered the more democratic country.

Although the government's system changed, at the time of the revolution of independence, the
position of President Soekarno stayed most important, especially in facing the Madiun Incident
1948 as well as during Aggression of Militer Netherlands Ii that caused PresidentSoekarno, Vice
President Mohammad Hatta and several senior officials of the country to be kept by the
Netherlands. Although having the Government of the Republic of Indonesia Emergency (PDRI)
with the chairman Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, but in fact the international community and the
domestic situation continue to acknowledged thatSoekarno-Hatta was the Indonesian leader that
actually, only of his policies that could complete the Indonesia-the Netherlands dispute.