Column1

Sand 1

Column2
350-250

Trial 1:

Increasing Flow Rate

Bed Height:

Column3
Microns

13.75 cm
Pressure
(inH2O)
0.00
1.15
2.40
2.80

40
50
60
70
80
90

2.90
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.05
3.05

slight surface
bubbles
in. dia. Bubbles
agitated bubbles
fluidization
fluidization
fluidization

100

3.05

turbulent bubbling

Observations
of
nothing
nothing
bubbles

Column1
Silica

Column2
595-420

Trial 5:

Increasing Flow Rate

Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60

Column3
microns

23.7 cm
72 F
Pressure
(inH2O)
0.00
5.10
6.10
6.20
6.20
6.20
6.20

Trial 2:
Bed Height:

Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
0
10
20
30

Bed Height
Temperature:

ColumColumn5
Density

Observations
of
none
chugguing
violent chugging
bed lift, turbulent
fluidization
violent bubbling

Column6
2.664285714
Decreasing Flow Rate
13.75

Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
100
90
80
70

Pressure
(inH2O)
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10

60
50
40
30
20
10

3.10
3.10
3.00
2.90
2.05
0.95

0.00

Column7
g/mL

reasing Flow Rate

cm

Column1
Sand 2

Column2
595-420

Trial 3:

Increasing Flow Rate

Bed Height:
Observations

violent bubbling
chugging
chugging
chugging

Column3
Microns

14.5 cm

Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
0
10
20
30

Pressure
(inH2O)
0.00
1.40
3.00
3.55

40
50
60
70
80
90

3.70
3.80
3.80
3.80
3.80
3.80

bubbles
more bubbles
more bubbles
more bubbles
violent bubbles
violent bubbles

100

3.80

violent bubbles

fluidization
fluidization
small bubbles
small bubbles
no bubbles
no bubbles
of

Observations
of
nothing
nothing
bubbles

Column1
Silica

Column2
595-420

Trail 6:

Increasing Flow Rate

Bed Height:
Temperature:
Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
0
5
10
12
14
16
18
20

Colum

Column3
microns

23.7 cm
90 F
Pressure
(inH2O)
0.00
3.70
5.60
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.10
6.10

Observations
of
nothing
nothing
small bubbles
bubbles
chugging
chugging
fluidization

Colum

Column5
Density

Column6
Column7
2.664285714

Trial 4:

Decrasing Flow Rate

Bed Height:

14.5 cm

Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
100
90
80
70

Pressure
(inH2O)
3.80
3.70
3.70
3.70

Observations
fluidization
violent bubbles
violent bubbles
violent bubbles

60
50
40
30
20
10

3.70
3.60
3.40
2.80
1.90
0.90

bubbles
bubbles
small bubbles
small bubbles
no bubbles
nothing

0.00

of

Column5
Silica

Column6
595-420

Trail 7:

Decreasing Flow Rate

Bed Height:
Temperature:
Flow Rate
(% of CFM)
20
18
16
14
12
10
5
0

Column7
microns

23.7 cm
90 F
Pressure
(inH2O)
6.10
6.10
6.05
6.00
5.60
4.90
3.50
0.00

Observations
fluidization
fluidization
chugging
chugging
slight chugging
bubbles
nothing
of

Internal Diameter of Columns:

Cross Sectional Area of Bed:

10 cm
0.1 m
0.00785 m^2

Max Flow Rate (Left Rotameter):

Max Flow Rate (Right Rotameter):

Density of Air at 70F:

Density of Air at 72F:
Density of Air at 90F:
Viscoisty of Air at 70F:
Viscoisty of Air at 72F:
Viscoisty of Air at 90F:

Column1
Trial 1 and 2

Average Particle Size:

Height of Bed:

Error ()
0.005
0.000025

220 L/min
0.003666667 m^3/s

7.3333E-005

13.4 CFM
0.006322567 m^3/s

0.000126451

1.2041 kg/m^3
1.1921 kg/m^3
1.1489 kg/m^3
1.842E-05 kg/m*s
1.847E-05 kg/m*s
1.896E-05 kg/m*s

Column2

Column3

300 microns
0.0003 meters
13.75 cm
0.1375 m

Column32
Error ()

0.00001

0.005

Volume of Bed:

0.001079375 m^3

3.9400E-005

Density of Sand:

2.664285714 g/mL
2664.285714 kg/m^3

0.095153061
95.15306149

1.99975279 g/mL
1999.75279 kg/m^3

0.071285661
71.28566066

Bulk Density:

Void Fraction:
Volume of Particles:
Column1
Trial 3 and 4

0.249422545

0.012585921

8.102E-04 m^3
Column2

Column3

Column32
Error ()

Average Particle Size:

Height of Bed:

Volume of Bed:

507.5 microns
0.0005075 meters
14.5 cm
0.145 m
0.00113825 m^3

0.00001

0.005
0.000039417

Density of Sand:

2.664285714 g/mL
2664.285714 kg/m^3

0.095153061
95.15306124

Bulk Density:

2.079742902 g/mL
2079.742902 kg/m^3

0.071285661
71.28566066

Void Fraction:

0.219399447

0.010860533

Volume of Particles:

0.000888519 m^3

Column1
Trial 5

Column2

Average Particle Size:

Height of Bed:

Volume of Bed:
Density of Silica:

Column3

507.5 microns
0.0005075 meters
23.7 cm
0.237 m
0.00186045 m^3

Column32
Error ()

0.00001

0.005
3.9695E-005

2.948 g/mL
2948 kg/m^3

0.105285714
105.2857143

Bulk Density:

1.295839808 g/mL
1295.839808 kg/m^3

0.071285661
71.28566066

Void Fraction:

0.560434258

0.036757561

Volume of Particles:
Column1
Trial 6 and 7

0.00081779 m^3
Column2

Column3

Column32
Error ()

Average Particle Size:

Height of Bed:

Volume of Bed:
Density of Sand:

507.5 microns
0.0005075 meters
23.7 cm
0.237 m
0.00186045 m^3

0.00001

0.005
3.9695E-005

2.948 g/mL
2948 kg/m^3

0.105285714
105.2857143

Bulk Density:

1.295839808 g/mL
1295.839808 kg/m^3

0.071285661
71.28566066

Void Fraction:

0.560434258

0.036757561

Volume of Particles:

0.00081779 m^3

Error
Ruler

Column4

Rotameter
Pressure
Heater

Graduated
Cylinder
Scale

0.5 cm
0.005 m
2%
0.05 in H20
0.001 F
0.5 mL
0.0001 g

Column5
Column6
Column62
Trial 1: Increasing Flow Rate Sand 1

Flow Rate
%
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

Flow Rate
(m^3/s)
0.000E+00
3.667E-04
7.333E-04
1.100E-03
1.467E-03
1.833E-03
2.200E-03
2.567E-03
2.933E-03
3.300E-03
3.667E-03

Flow Rate Error

()
0.000E+00
7.333E-06
1.467E-05
2.200E-05
2.933E-05
3.667E-05
4.400E-05
5.133E-05
5.867E-05
6.600E-05
7.333E-05

Fluidization Velocity (Min):

Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization:
Column4

Column7

Column5
Column6
Column62
Trial 3: Increasing Flow Rate Sand 2

Pressure
(psi)
0.000
0.042
0.087
0.101
0.105
0.108
0.108
0.108
0.110
0.110
0.110

0.1320 m/s
5.322 m/s
40.309 ratio
Column7

Flow Rate
%
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

Flow Rate
(m^3/s)
0.000E+00
3.667E-04
7.333E-04
1.100E-03
1.467E-03
1.833E-03
2.200E-03
2.567E-03
2.933E-03
3.300E-03
3.667E-03

Fluidization Velocity (Min):

Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization:
Column4

Flow Rate
(m^3/s)
0.000E+00
6.323E-04
1.265E-03
1.897E-03
2.529E-03
3.161E-03
3.794E-03

Fluidization Velocity (Min):

Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization:

Pressure
(psi)
0.000
0.051
0.108
0.128
0.134
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137

0.2572 m/s
15.839 m/s
61.594 ratio

Column5
Column6
Column62
Trial 5: Increasing Flow Rate Silica at 72F

Flow Rate
%
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6

Column4

Flow Rate Error

()
0.000E+00
7.333E-06
1.467E-05
2.200E-05
2.933E-05
3.667E-05
4.400E-05
5.133E-05
5.867E-05
6.600E-05
7.333E-05

Column7

Flow Rate Error

()
0.000E+00
1.265E-05
2.529E-05
3.794E-05
5.058E-05
6.323E-05
7.587E-05

Pressure
(psi)
0.000
0.184
0.220
0.224
0.224
0.224
0.224

0.4728 m/s
9.839 m/s
20.810 ratio

Column5
Column6
Column62
Trial 6: Increasing Flow Rate Silica at 90F

Column7

Flow Rate
%
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20

Flow Rate
(m^3/s)
0.000E+00
3.161E-04
6.323E-04
7.587E-04
8.852E-04
1.012E-03
1.138E-03
1.265E-03

Fluidization Velocity (Min):

Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization:

Flow Rate Error

()
0.000E+00
6.323E-06
1.265E-05
1.517E-05
1.770E-05
2.023E-05
2.276E-05
2.529E-05
0.4606 m/s
9.585 m/s
20.810 ratio

Pressure
(psi)
0.000
0.134
0.202
0.217
0.217
0.217
0.220
0.220

0.001805

Column72

Pressure Error
()
0.00E+00
7.49E-05
1.56E-04
1.82E-04
1.89E-04
1.95E-04
1.95E-04
1.95E-04
1.99E-04
1.99E-04
1.99E-04
Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()
Column72

Column8

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
0.000E+00
4.671E-02
9.342E-02
1.401E-01
1.868E-01
2.335E-01
2.803E-01
3.270E-01
3.737E-01
4.204E-01
4.671E-01

Column82

Column9

Superficial
Velocity Error
()

Flow Rate
%
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0.000945952
0.001891904
0.0028378561
0.0037838081
0.0047297601
0.0056757121
0.0066216641
0.0075676161
0.0085135682
0.0094595202

0.0103
0.3145
3.2733
Column8

Column10
Trial 2: Decreasing Flow Rate S

Fluidization Velocity (Min):

Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization:
Column9

Column92

Column10
Trial 4: Decreasing Flow Rate S

Pressure Error
()
0.00E+00
9.12E-05
1.95E-04
2.31E-04
2.41E-04
2.48E-04
2.48E-04
2.48E-04
2.48E-04
2.48E-04
2.48E-04
Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()
Column72

Pressure Error
()
0.00E+00
3.32E-04
3.97E-04
4.04E-04
4.04E-04
4.04E-04
4.04E-04
Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()

Column72

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
0.000E+00
4.671E-02
9.342E-02
1.401E-01
1.868E-01
2.335E-01
2.803E-01
3.270E-01
3.737E-01
4.204E-01
4.671E-01

Superficial
Velocity Error
()

Flow Rate
%
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0.000945952
0.001891904
0.0028378561
0.0037838081
0.0047297601
0.0056757121
0.0066216641
0.0075676161
0.0085135682
0.0094595202

0.0171
0.6997
4.2067
Column8

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
0.000
0.081
0.161
0.242
0.322
0.403
0.483

Fluidization Velocity (Min):

Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization
Column9

Superficial
Velocity Error
()
0.0016311395
0.0032622789
0.0048934184
0.0065245578
0.0081556973
0.0097868368

0.0377
0.6067
1.7379

Column8

Column82

Column9

Column10
Trial 7: Increasing Flow Rate Si

Pressure Error
()
0.00E+00
2.41E-04
3.65E-04
3.91E-04
3.91E-04
3.91E-04
3.97E-04
3.97E-04
Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
0.000
0.040
0.081
0.097
0.113
0.129
0.145
0.161
0.0415
0.5911
1.9525

Superficial
Velocity Error
()
0.0008155697
0.0016311395
0.0019573674
0.0022835952
0.0026098231
0.002936051
0.0032622789

Flow Rate
%
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.05
0.00
Fluidization Velocity (Min):
Settling Velocity:
Settling/Fluidization:

Column11
Column112
reasing Flow Rate Sand 1

Column12 Column122

Flow Rate Flow Rate Error Pressure Pressure Error

(m^3/s)
()
(psi)
()
Err:509
7.333E-05
0.112
2.02E-04
3.300E-03
6.600E-05
0.112
2.02E-04
2.933E-03
5.867E-05
0.112
2.02E-04
2.567E-03
5.133E-05
0.112
2.02E-04
2.200E-03
4.400E-05
0.112
2.02E-04
1.833E-03
3.667E-05
0.112
2.02E-04
1.467E-03
2.933E-05
0.108
1.95E-04
1.100E-03
2.200E-05
0.105
1.89E-04
7.333E-04
1.467E-05
0.074
1.34E-04
3.667E-04
7.333E-06
0.034
6.19E-05
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
0.000
0.00E+00

Velocity (Min):

0.1320 m/s
Err:509 m/s
Err:509 ratio

Column11
Column112
reasing Flow Rate Sand 2

Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()

Column12 Column122

Column13

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
4.671E-01
4.204E-01
3.737E-01
3.270E-01
2.803E-01
2.335E-01
1.868E-01
1.401E-01
9.342E-02
4.671E-02
0.000E+00

Column14

Superficial
Velocity Error
()
9.460E-03
0.0085135682
0.0075676161
0.0066216641
0.0056757121
0.0047297601
0.0037838081
0.0028378561
0.001891904
0.000945952

0.0010
0.3145
32.7334
Column13

Column14

Flow Rate
(m^3/s)
3.667E-03
3.300E-03
2.933E-03
2.567E-03
2.200E-03
1.833E-03
1.467E-03
1.100E-03
7.333E-04
3.667E-04
0.000E+00

Velocity (Min):

Flow Rate
Error
()
7.333E-05
6.600E-05
5.867E-05
5.133E-05
4.400E-05
3.667E-05
2.933E-05
2.200E-05
1.467E-05
7.333E-06
0.000E+00

Pressure Pressure Error

(psi)
()
0.137
2.48E-04
0.134
2.41E-04
0.134
2.41E-04
0.134
2.41E-04
0.134
2.41E-04
0.130
2.35E-04
0.123
2.22E-04
0.101
1.82E-04
0.069
1.24E-04
0.032
5.86E-05
0.000
0.00E+00

0.2572 m/s
15.839 m/s
61.594 ratio

Column11
Column112
easing Flow Rate Silica at 90F

Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()

Column12 Column122

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
4.671E-01
4.204E-01
3.737E-01
3.270E-01
2.803E-01
2.335E-01
1.868E-01
1.401E-01
9.342E-02
4.671E-02
0.000E+00

Superficial
Velocity Error
()
0.0094595202
0.0085135682
0.0075676161
0.0066216641
0.0056757121
0.0047297601
0.0037838081
0.0028378561
0.001891904
0.000945952

0.0017
0.6997
42.0672

Column13

Column14

Flow Rate
(m^3/s)
1.265E-03
1.138E-03
1.012E-03
8.852E-04
7.587E-04
6.323E-04
3.161E-04
0.000E+00

Velocity (Min):

Flow Rate
Error
()
2.529E-05
2.276E-05
2.023E-05
1.770E-05
1.517E-05
1.265E-05
6.323E-06
0.000E+00

Pressure Pressure Error

(psi)
()
0.220
3.97E-04
0.220
3.97E-04
0.218
3.94E-04
0.217
3.91E-04
0.202
3.65E-04
0.177
3.19E-04
0.126
2.28E-04
0.000
0.00E+00

0.4606 m/s
9.585 m/s
20.810 ratio

Error: ()
Error: ()
Error: ()

Superficial
Velocity
(m/s)
0.161
0.145
0.129
0.113
0.097
0.081
0.040
0.000
0.0414658733
0.5910792331
1.9525393975

Superficial
Velocity Error
()
0.0032622789
0.002936051
0.0026098231
0.0022835952
0.0019573674
0.0016311395
0.0008155697

Trials 1 and 2: Sand 1 (Avg. 300 microns)

0.120
0.100
0.080
Pressure0.060
Drop (psi)

Trial 1: Incr
Rate Sand

0.040

Trial 2: Dec
Rate Sand

0.020
0.000
0.000E+00

1.000E-01

2.000E-01

3.000E-01

4.000E-01

5.000E-01

Superficial Velocity (m/s)

Trials 3 and 4: Sand 2 (Avg. 507.5 microns)

0.160
0.140
0.120
0.100
Pressure0.080
Drop (psi)
0.060

Trial
Flow

Trial
Flow

0.040
0.020
0.000
0.000E+00

1.000E-01

2.000E-01

3.000E-01

4.000E-01

5.000E-01

Superficial Velocity (m/s)

Trial 5: Increasing Flow Rate Silica at 72F

0.250
0.200
0.150
Pressure Drop (psi)
0.100

Trial 5: Inc
Rate Silic

0.050
0.000
0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

Superficial Velocity (m/s)

0.500

0.600

0.100

Trial 5: Inc
Rate Silic

0.050
0.000
0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

Superficial Velocity (m/s)

Trials 6 and 7: Silica at 90F

0.250
0.200
0.150

Trial 6: Increa
Silica at 90F

Pressure Drop (psi)

0.100

Trial 7: Increa
Silica at 90F

0.050
0.000
0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

Superficial Velocity (m/s)

0.140

0.160

0.180

00 microns)

Trial 1: Increasing Flow

Rate Sand 1
Trial 2: Decreasing Flow
Rate Sand 1

5.000E-01

7.5 microns)

Trial 3: Increasing
Flow Rate Sand 2
Trial 4: Decreasing
Flow Rate Sand 2
5.000E-01

lica at 72F

Trial 5: Increasing Flow

Rate Silica at 72F

0.600

Trial 5: Increasing Flow

Rate Silica at 72F

0.600

90F

160

Trial 6: Increasing Flow Rate

Silica at 90F
Trial 7: Increasing Flow Rate
Silica at 90F
0.180