Motorola BTS

Objective
To be able to understand the functional
areas of Motorola Horizon I&II macro
cabinet, description of their digital modules
and cabinet RF components
Introduction & description of VSWR, RF
feeder cables and antennas
To understand BTS Command Interface with
Procom plus
TX Calibration of single/double density DRIs

Table of Contents
Introduction to BSS
BTS Basics
HMAC II & I features
VSWR, Antenna Tilting
DRIs TX/RX Calibration
Command interface
Tools Required
3

Introduction to BSS

GSM Architecture
BSS - Base Station
Subsystem

OMC

VLR
BTS

BSC

MSC

HLR

IWF

BTS
BTS

EIR
BSC

NSS - Network
Subsystem
PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN

BTS
BTS

NMS - Network
Management
System

SC

MS
Air

Abis

AC

Transcoder

Transcoder function

Although transcoder is considered to

be a part of BSS, it is most often
located closer to MSC. Basic function is
to reduce the data rate of the signals
from MSC

BTS Site

A base transceiver
station (BTS) or cell
site is a piece of
equipment that
facilitates wireless
communication between
user equipment (UE)
and a network.

BTS Site Block Diagram

Main Processor
Alarms collection and management, transceivers management, software
download, controlling expansions and interface panels
Clock source unit
Deliver a stable clocking source to all digital equipments
Interface Panel
Translate the source data (Abis) to BTS Format digital data
Base Band Unit
the digital data is processed following the GSM standard, this unit creates
a data which ready to be feed to RF Unit
Power Supply Unit
produces a power for whole equipments in the BTS
RF Unit
converts the digital signal to Radio Frequency Signal (air interface signal)
following the GSM Standard. This signal type is still as an electrical signal.
Antenna Unit
Antenna as a traditional unit, have a function to convert electrical signal to
electromagnetic signal.

Basic block diagram of cabinet

Antenna

RF interface to Antenna
( Transmit - Combining and filtering)
(Receive Amplification and filtering)

Three Main Functional areas:

1.

Digital Cards

2.

Radios (CTU/CTU2)

3.

RF equipment

E1 Link

DRI

DRI

DRI

DRI

DRI

Digital Cage == Controls the cabinet

Alarms
Power Supplies

DRI

HMACII Front View

Alarm
Board

Circuit
Breaker
Card
(CBC)

Site
Controller
(HIISC)

Power
Supply
Units
(PSU)

CTU2
Cooling
Fans

HMAC II Front view

Power
Supply

SURF2

Site I/O
Panel

Link
Interface
Board

Tx Blocks
EAS Alarm,
PIX 0 & 1

Power Supply Unit

Maximum 4x PSU per cabinet One for

Redundancy
Depends on the number of Radios fitted.
The Cabinet can support the three types of
power supply
+27V (negative earth)
-48V (positive earth)
Nominal 120/240V AC

Power Supply Unit

Nominal
Voltage

Voltage supply
range

Current supply
maximum

+27 V dc
+19.5 to +30 V 204A (at nominal
(negative earth)
dc
voltage)
-48 v dc
-39 to 72 V dc 99A (at nominal
voltage)
(Positive earth)
120/240 V ac
(50 to 60 Hz)

88 to 270 V

45A (at nominal

voltage)

-48 VDC Power Supply Unit

Alarm
LED
Attachment
screw

Active
LED

Output
Disable
switch

Air Vent

Handle

PSU Alarms

All three unit types support the same

PSU Alarms:
O/P over/under voltage.
I/P under voltage.
Over temperature.
Internal Fan failure.

Circuit Breaker Card (CBC)

6x CCB for CTU2

2x Push Button HIISC
2x Push Button SURF2
1x Tx RF Blocks
1x FAN trays

HIISC Controller
Status
LEDs

HIISC controller acts as a main processor

for horizon macro II cabinet. Its main
features include

Compact
Flash Slot

Backward compatible with MCUF

Integrated NIU

TTY
MMI

Integrated FMUX
E1 Support
Enhanced E1 redundancy
Removable flash media capacity

Reset
Buttons

Expanding a BTS

XMUX

Locatio
n

XMUX
in slot 0

Fibre
connections
IN/OUT

Components interconnections

CTUII radio(s)
H-II Radio

Horizon II
Cabinet

H-II Expansion
Cabinet

TDM

HIISC
NBSC

Alarm

XMUX

Site IO

XMUX

Site IO
Horizonmacro
Cabinet
FMUX
FMUX

Alarm

Input/Output I/O Card

Connects up to 3x extra cabinets

Fibre optic connections

GPS connector (not supported)

Site Expansion Board

Expansion configurations
E1
Horizon II
macro (6xCTU2)

X
M
U
X

Horizon II
macro (6xCTU2)

Two Horizon II macros expanded.

Horizon II
macro (6xCTU2)

X
M
U
X

E1
Horizon II
macro (6xCTU2)

Horizon II macro, expanded to a Horizon II macro and a Horizonmacro.

Horizonmacro controlling a Horizon II macro and another Horizonmacro.

F
M
U
X

Horizonmacro
(6 x CTU)

Cabinet Temperature Control

Operating range -5 C to +45 C
Three Internal FAN units speed
controlled
3x Cabinet Temperature Sensors
1x (70 C) for cabinet alarm
2x (85 C) to shutdown the cabinet, reset at
55 C.

Alarm Board

Provides External alarm monitoring from the

cabinet via the backplane

Mains

ALL LEDs are

GREEN when the
equipment is OK
RED when
equipment is
faulty

Cabinet Power Supply Units

Environmental controlled devices(over
temperature

Door 1

Customer defined alarms(EAS)

LVD

Antenna VSWR monitoring(via TX blocks)

Fan 0

Fan 1 & 2

Compact Transceiver Unit ( CTU2)

Single Density Mode High Power 63W (48dbm) 900MHz
50W (47dbm) 1800MHz
Normal Power 20W (43dbm) 900MHz
16W (42dbm) 1800MHz

Double Density Mode Normal Power 20W (43dbm) 900MHz

16W (42dbm) 1800MHZ

Compact Transceiver Unit 2 (CTU2)

TRANSMIT
RF OUT

The CTU2 transceiver has the ability

to support two logical carriers within a
single transceiver unit.
A CTU2 is backward compatible with
HMAC I through software control.

TTY
INTERFACE

Radio
Status
LED
Tx Status
A LED
Tx Status
B LED

RF Equipment
RF Equipment

Sectorized Universal Receiver Frontend

Diversity Antenna

Cabinet TX Blocks
Transmitter RF Blocks
New RF Blocks:
DUP - Duplexer
HCU - Hybrid Combiner Unit
DHU - Dual Hybrid Combiner Unit
Connecting Panels
Blanking Plate
Feedthrough plate

SURF

RX
Connecto
r
Feedthrough
and
Connecting
Plates
Duplexer

Blanking
Plate

Duplexer

Feedthrough
Plate

DUP Block Diagrams

DHU & HCU Block Diagrams

VSWR Monitoring
Antenna

To SURF

VSWR
Monitor

Rx Filter
Tx Filter

The Antenna VSWR monitoring

function is used to detect faults
in antennas or antenna path
connections.
Tx

CTU2
Signal

Tx Block
Alarm
Board

HMAC I

HMAC I cabinet comprises of three main

parts

Power Supply Module

Circuit Breaker Module
Binary PSM

MCUF Controller Card

Main features of MCUF Include

Maintenance and operational/control

processing
Switching of traffic and control
information
The functionality of two FMUX
Support up to six transceivers via
backplane in first cabinet and up to an
additional 18 transceivers via FMUX
connections to other cabinets
Support of up to six E1 circuits, via NIU
modules

Compact Transceiver Unit 1 (CTU)

It contains Digital Circuits which provide

the following capabilities:
Handling the process of Encoding,
Decoding.
Handling of 8 time slot (1 carrier signal).
Transmit power control.
Handling the diversity process which
will improve the reception process

Power
Supply
Module

BPSM
Card

Circuit
Breaker
Module

HMAC II vs HMAC I
Function

Horizon II macro component

Horizonmacro I equivalent

Input power conversion units (max fitted)

PSU
(4)

PSM
(3)

Power to transceivers and signal routeing

Backplane

BPSM and backplane

Transceivers
(max fitted)

CTU2
(6)

CTU
(6)

Main processor module

(Max fitted)

HIISC
(2)

MCUF
(2)

Processor module connection to transceivers in Internal XMUX in HIISC (1) and separate Internal FMUX in
another cabinet
site expansion boards
MCUF (2) or
(1 or 2)
external FMUX (2)
Slave cabinet multiplexer

XMUX

FMUX

Rx components
(Max fitted)

SURF2
(2)

SURF
(1)

Transceiver to Rx components

SURF2 harness

SURF harness

TX blocks
(Max fitted internally)

DUP, HCU and DHU

(6)

DCF, TDF, DDF and HCU

(3)

DC power supply for digital modules

(Max fitted)

Integrated in HIISC supplied via

backplane

BPSM
(2)

Equipment protection/isolation

CBC

CBM

Links to terrestrial network

(Max fitted)

Internal NIU in HIISC

NIU
(4)

Alarm Handling

Alarm Module ***

Alarm Module

E1/T1 links

CIM/T43 or BIM/BIB

CIM/T43 or BIM/BIB

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is the ratio of the maximum voltage
amplitude of a reflected wave (
) to the minimum voltage amplitude (
), in
an electrical transmission line.
Reflections occur as a result of discontinuities, such as an imperfection in an
otherwise uniform transmission line, or when a transmission line is terminated with
other than its characteristic impedance.

= | | (Reflection Coefficient)

VSWR Standards

DBC(DUAL BAND CMBINERS) ( MAX 1.09)

GSM Measure Match = 1.35

DCS Measure Match = 1.45

1.09
DBC

Antenna
Jumper

1.08

1.06
Arrestor
s
1.16

1.04

Antenna
BTS

Fault Location
D ista n c e T o F a u lt
D is t a n c e : 0 m e t e r s - 5 0 m e t e r s ( F u ll C a l)
P S H .0 0 1 4 .R M C . D C S .S E C .B 1 9 /1 1 /2 0 0 8 5 : 1 1 : 0 0 P M
1 .4

L im it:

1 .4 0 0

VSWR

1 .3
1 .2

1 .1
1 .0
0

10

15

20

25
D is ta n c e ( m e te r s )

30

35

40

45

50

M 1 : ( 3 2 .8 1 , 1 .1 8 )

Measure Match
V SW R

F r e q u e n c y : 1 7 1 0 M H z - 1 8 8 0 M H z ( F u ll C a l)
P S H .0 0 1 4 .R M C .D C S .S E C .A 9 /1 1 /2 0 0 8 5 : 2 3 : 0 0 P M
1 .3

VSWR

1 .2
1 .1
1 .0
1725

M 1 : (1 8 7 9 .2 8 , 1 .3 5 )

1750

1775

1800
F re q u e n c y (M H z )

1825

1850

1875

RF cable Advantages

50 ohm RF Communication feeder cable Advantages:

1. Excellent Electrical performances: 80% super-high degree foaming polyethylene
insulation of features with low attenuation and stability in case of temperature variation.
The extra-precisely corrugated copper tube outer conductor, characteristic of low VSWR
makes the cable a choice even in high-frequency applications.
2. Simple use and complete range: The light, flexible and easily-bending thin-wall
corrugated copper conductor offers convenience for terminal work.
3. Ease of maintenance: The special structure presents premises for effective moistureproofing, thus assuring performances stability in terms of long period.

RF Cable Grounding Locations

All outdoor antenna feeder runs should
be grounded at their
lowest point just prior to entering the
base station or radio
enclosure. Depending on the height of
the tower run, additional
ground points may be required
(see table below).

Individual grounding

Groundin
g Kit

Bundled grounding
Grounding
Kit

Tools Required (VSWR)

Insulation cutter

Knife
Warding Files

Open End Spanners

Site Master

Closed End
Spanners

Adjustable Spanners

Cable
Cutter

EMR
Antennas

Antenna
An antenna (or aerial) is a
transducer that transmits or receives
electromagnetic waves. In other
words, antennas convert
electromagnetic radiation into
electrical current, or vice versa.
Physically, an antenna is an
arrangement of one or more
conductors, usually called elements
A dipole antenna is an antenna that
can be made by a simple wire, with a
center-fed driven element for
transmitting or receiving radio
frequency energy.

Emission (Radiation) Pattern

Emission of a dipole is maximal in the plane

perpendicular to the dipole and zero in the
direction of wires, that is, the current direction.

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

EMR comprises electric
and magnetic field
components, which
oscillate in phase
perpendicular to each
other and perpendicular
to the direction of energy
propagation.
The polarization of an
electromagnetic wave is
defined as the
orientation of the electric
field vector

Beam Tilting

Beam tilt is used in radio to aim the

main lobe of the vertical plane
radiation pattern of an antenna below
(or above) the horizontal plane.
Simplest way is mechanical tilting,
but it creates a back lobe
More common is the electrical tilting,
where the phasing between antenna
elements is tweaked to make the
signal go down (usually) in all
directions

Tilt Vs Gain

BTS Command Interface

Procom Plus

Display Alarms (EAS/IAS)

DRI Status

Radios Classification/Configuration
SECTOR A GSM 900

SECTOR A DCS 1800

DRI 0 0 0
DRI 0 1 0
DRI 0 2 0
DRI 0 3 0

DRI 3 0 0
DRI 3 1 0
DRI 3 2 0
DRI 3 3 0

SECTOR B GSM 900

SECTOR B DCS 1800

DRI 1 0 0
DRI 1 1 0
DRI 1 2 0
DRI 1 3 0

DRI 4 0 0
DRI 4 1 0
DRI 4 2 0
DRI 4 3 0

SECTOR C GSM 900

SECTOR C DCS 1800

DRI 2 0 0
DRI 2 1 0
DRI 2 2 0
DRI 2 3 0

DRI 5 0 0
DRI 5 1 0
DRI 5 2 0
DRI 5 3 0

Common configuration with 3 DCS 1800 DRIs (one in each Sector) and 3 GSM 900 DRIs (one in each
sector)
GSM 2/2/2 DCS 2/2/2

Alarms Equipage

BSC MMS Identifiers

Site IDs/Status

Site RSL Status

BSC RSLs Status

All Sites Status with codes

All Sites Status with codes

MMS Status

BSC OML Status

Path Balance

Path balance = (UL losses - dl losses) +

105
where 105 is the optimum value for the path
balance
In case of -ve path balance, the DL losses
are greater which means a TX calibration
for the BTS is needed (adjust TX power)
In case of +ve path balance this, the UL
losses are greater which means RX
calibration is needed to adjust the
sensitivity of the RX of the BTS

GSM Cell Data

Display Intervals

DRI Equipage

Level 2 / Level 3 access

DRI Calibration Data

BSC MTLs Status

BSC XBLs Status

BSS Test Equipments

Thanks