1

1.

The clock face which ---- in its present form since

the seventeenth century is on its way out, ---- its
place to the digital clock..

6.

A) exists / has left

Although it ---- that the original source of carbon

and hydrogen was in the materials that made up
the primordial Earth, it is generally accepted that
these two elements have had to pass through an
organic phase ---- into the varied complex
molecules recognized as crude oil..

B) existed / is leaving
A) has been recognized / to be combining

C) had existed / was leaving

B) is recognized / to be combined

D) was existing / had left

C) was recognized / to have combined

E) has existed / leaving

D) will be recognized / having combined

2.

Over the past two decades, the Corsicans ---their idyllic island, which was wrested by France
from the Genoese in 1768, ---- into terrorism,
corruption and economic decline..

E) had been recognized / to combine

7.

A) have seen / sink

3.

B) had seen / sank

A) remained / to be sustaining

C) saw / to sink

B) has remained / having sustained

D) would have seen / had sunk

C) remains / sustaining

E) would see / had been sinking

D) had remained /sustain

Humans ---- up of approximately 55 to 65%

water, ---- on gender, so water is necessary to
survive..

E) would remain / to sustain

8.

A) have been made / to depend

4.

Developmental psychology seeks ---- how people

come to perceive, understand, and act within the
world and how these processes ---- as they age..

B) will be made / to have depended

A) to be understanding / changed

C) are made / depending

B) to understand / change

D) were made / having depended

C) having understood / is changing

E) can be made / to be depending

D) to have understood / will change

Insurance companies ---- countless hours

collecting data on the general population, ---relative life expectancy..

E) understanding / have changed

9.

A) have been spending / to include

5.

Global livestock production ---- one of the most

important components of the agricultural sector,
---- human life in a number of important ways..

Experts ---- skeptical of an archaeologist's claims

---- the world's first Christian church in a cave in
Jordan..

B) spend / including

A) are / to have found

C) spent / to be including

B) was / to be finding

D) will spend / having included

C) have been / having found

E) can spend / to have included

D) will be / finding

Walking at a moderate pace for 30-60 minutes at

a time ---- stored fat and builds muscle, thereby --- metabolism and weight loss..
A) burns / increasing

E) would be / to find
10.

---- the genetic blueprint inherited from its

parents, a fetus ---- to develop, at the moment of
conception, from the nutrients it absorbs..

B) is burning / to have increased

A) To use / is beginning

C) will burn / to be increasing

B) Using / begins

D) burnt / to increase

C) Used / will begin

E) has burnt / being increased

D) To be using / has begun

E) To have used / began

11.

12.

13.

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries,

the use of deprivation studies ---- scientists ---- a
number of vitamins..

16.

Present-day Ghana became officially ---- as the

Gold Coast when it ---- over by the British Empire
in 1821..

A) have allowed / to have identified

A) being known / had taken

B) were allowing / to be identify

B) known / was taken

C) allowed / to identify

C) having been known / was taking

D) allow / having identified

D) to be known / took

E) had allowed / identifying

E) to know / had been taken

Individuals ---- any problems with the urethra

should ---- medical help at once..

17.

The main staple food ---- in Ethiopia is a flat,

sour, spongy bread which ---- injera..

A) to experience / used to seek

A) to eat / calls

B) experiencing / should seek

B) having eaten / has been called

C) having experienced / may seek

C) to have eaten / has called

D) to have experienced / seek

D) eating / was called

E) to be experiencing / must seek

E) eaten / is called

In calculators, calculations ---- entirely

with integers yield exact results as long as
the numbers ---- too big for the space allotted..

18.

Early modern humans ---- extensive social

networks ---- goods and exchange gifts..
A) had been established / having traded

A) doing / were not

B) have established / to be trading

B) having done / have not been

C) had established / to be traded

C) to have been done / would not have been

D) were establishing / being traded

D) done / are not

E) established / to trade

E) to be done / will not be

19.
14.

15.

Down syndrome ---- by an additional

chromosome, usually ---- in mental impairment
and other conditions..

Among the mathematicians of antiquity,

Archimedes was the first ---- that a circle's
circumference and diameter ---- to the constant
pi..

A) is caused / will result

A) to prove / are related

B) to be caused / was resulted

B) having proved / to be related

C) causing / is resulted

C) proving / related

D) caused / results

D) proved / have been related

E) was caused / resulted

E) to be proving /relate

For the last hour, the committee members ---when ---- the construction of the new bridge..

20.

Whooping cough is an infectious disease that ---children especially, making them cough and have
difficulty ----..

A) have discussed / started

B) are discussing / starting
C) will have discussed / being started
D) have been discussing / to start
E) were discussing / having started

A) is affecting / to breathe
B) affected / breathed
C) affects / breathing
D) has affected / breathes
E) had affected / is breathing

21.

---- home to thousands of species, the Murici

forest in Brazil ---- claim to being the most
important forest in the world..
A) Having been / should be laid
B) To be / is laying
C) Being / could lay
D) To have been / must lay
E) Having been / has been laid

22.

The first hot air balloon ---- passengers ---- by the

Montgolfier brothers in France in 1783..
A) to have carried / was inventing
B) carrying / had invented
C) carried / has been invented
D) to carry / was invented
E) having carried / invented

23.

---- the problem of political prisoners to the

attention of the world, an English lawyer named
Peter Benenson ---- Amnesty International in
1961..
A) Being brought / was founding
B) Bringing / was founded
C) To be brought / would found
D) To bring / founded
E) Having brought / had been founded

24.

A wristwatch ---- in the ice at the North Pole

three years ago ---- by a boy 2,900 km away after
it floated ashore on the Faroe Islands..
A) was buried / has been found
B) has been buried / is found
C) burying / has found
D) buried / was found
E) had been buried / had been found

25.

---- in Rome during the 1st century AD, the

Colosseum ---- one of the finest examples of
ancient Roman architecture and engineering..
A) Built / is considered
B) Having been built / considered
C) Being built / to consider
D) To have built / was considered
E) Having built / considering

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