ECE525

Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 1/8
Fall 2004

ECE 525: Example

MVA := 1000kW

pu := 1.0
a := 1 e

Problem 4.2

2
3

1 1 1

2
A := 1 a a

2
1 a a

For the system shown in Fig. P4.2:

a. Determine the source and equivalent star reactances of the transformer on a 30 MVA
base.
Transformer data:
Sb := 30MVA
Vbh := 115kV
Vbl := 6.9kV
Vbm := 13.8kV

Source Data (at 115kV):

MVAsc := 600MVA

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 2/8
Fall 2004

Compute Source Impedance:

Two options to compute per unit source impedance:
Xsource :=

Sb
MVAsc

Xsource = 0.05 pu

This skips a few steps.

( 115kV)
Xsource_ohms :=
MVAsc
Vbh
Zbaseh :=
Sb

Xpu :=

Note that:
2

Xpu =

( 115kV)
MVAsc
Vbh
Sb

Sb
MVAsc

Xsource_ohms = 22.042
Xsource_ohms
Zbaseh

Xpu = 0.05 pu

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 3/8
Fall 2004

Compute Transformer Impedances for T-equivalent:

X115_13.8 := 0.1pu

Shm := 30MVA

X115_6.9 := 0.225pu

Shl := 15MVA

X13.8_6.9 := 0.11pu

Sml := 10MVA

Change of MVA base calculations.

Xhm :=

Sb
X115_13.8
Shm

Xhm = 0.1 pu

Xhl :=

Sb
X115_6.9
Shl

Xhl = 0.45 pu

Xml :=

Sb
X13.8_6.9
Sml

Xml = 0.33 pu

Find Zh, Zm and Zl

Xh := ( 0.5) ( Xhl + Xhm Xml)

Xh = 0.11 pu

Xm := ( 0.5) ( Xhm + Xml Xhl)

Xm = 0.01 pu

Xl := ( 0.5) ( Xml + Xhl Xhm)

Xl = 0.34 pu

Use the same values for the

positive, negative and zero
sequence networks.

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 4/8
Fall 2004

B. Sequence Networks: Ignore loads. Include impact of delta tertiary winding and ungrounded
Y on 115kV.
X1 := Xsource + Xh + Xm
X2 := Xsource + Xh + Xm
X0 := Xl + Xm

X1 = 0.15 pu
X2 = 0.15 pu
X0 = 0.33 pu

C. Three phase fault currents at 13.8 kV terminals (ignore load)

Vf := j 1.0pu
Iaf :=

Vf
j X1

Iaf = 6.667 pu

Positive Sequence Rotation:

Iabc := Iaf a 2
a

6.667

Iabc = 6.667

6.667

0

arg ( Iabc) = 120 deg

120

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 5/8
Fall 2004

D. SLG fault at 13.8kV terminals

I0 :=

Vf
j X1 + j X2 + j X0

I0

IabcSLG := A I1
I
2
Ibm :=

Sb
3 Vbm

I0 = 1.587 pu

4.762

IabcSLG = 0

Ia13.8 := IabcSLG Ibm

0

I1 := I0

I2 := I0

arg ( IabcSLG) = 122.008 deg

122.008

Ia13.8 = 5976.711 A

E. Phase to neutral voltages at fault

V1 := Vf j X1 I1
V2 := j X2 I2

V0

VabcSLG := A V1
V
2

V1 = 0.762i pu

V0 := j X0 I0

V0 = 0.524i pu

V2 = 0.238i pu
0

VabcSLG = 1.169

1.169

90

arg ( VabcSLG) = 42.216 deg

137.784

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 6/8
Fall 2004

F. Find the phase currents and phase to neutral voltages on the 115kV side of the
transformer.
Now I0 = 0 since neutral of the Y is ungrounded. I1 and I2
unaffected
I0 := 0pu

I0

IabcSLG := A I1
I
2
Ib115 :=

3.175

IabcSLG = 1.587

1.587

Sb
3 Vbh

Ia115 := Ib115 IabcSLG

0
Ia115 = 478.137 A

V1 := Vf j Xsource I1
V2 := j Xsource I2
V0 := j X0 I0

V1 = 0.921i pu
V2 = 0.079i pu

V0 = 0 pu

arg ( IabcSLG) = 180 deg

180

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 7/8
Fall 2004

V0

VabcSLG := A V1
V
2

0.841

VabcSLG = 0.963

90

arg ( VabcSLG) = 25.906 deg

0.963

154.094

G. Current in the delta for the fault on 13.8kV bus

I0 := I1
I1 := 0pu

I2 := 0

I0

IabcSLG := A I1
I
2
Ib :=

Sb
3 Vbl

1.587

IabcSLG = 1.587

Ib I0 = 2300.437 A

1.587

arg ( IabcSLG) = 0 deg

Itert := Ib I0

ECE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 8; 8/8
Fall 2004

H. Make an ampere-turn check for the currents in

the windings
N1 I1 + N2 I2 + N3 I3 = 0
Nh.h :=
Nh.l :=

115
115
6.9
115

Nh.h = 1
Nh.l = 0.104

3
13.8

Nh.m :=

3
115

Nh.m = 0.12

At115 := Nh.h Ia115

At13.8 := Nh.m Ia13.8
At6.9 := Nh.l Itert
Sum := At115 At13.8 + At6.9
Sum = 0 A

At115 = 478.137 A
At13.8 = 717.205 A
At6.9 = 239.068 A