REAKSI SINTESA KETON

1. Alkohol
OH

Keton
O

CH2 CH2 CH3

(2-propanol)

(1)
(2)

2. Alkuna

CH3 CH CH3

H2CrO4
H+

(2-propanon)

Keton
O

CH3 CH2 C C CH3 + H2O

(2-butuna)
3. Halida Asam
O

(1)
(2)

CH3 CH2 C CH3

H2O, HgSO4
H2SO4

(2-butanon)

Keton
O
(CH3)2Cd

CH3 CH Cl

CH3 CH CH3

(etanoil klorida)

(2-propanon)

4. Benzen + Halida Asam

O

Keton Aril
O
AlCl3

+ CH3 CH Cl
(benzen)

CH3 CH

(etanoil klorida)

5. Alkena

(benzil etanon)

Keton + Asam Karboksilat

CH3

CH3

O3

CH3 CH2 C = CH2

CH3 CH2 C = O

+ CH OH

H2O2 , H+

(2-metil butena)

6. Nitril

CH3CN

(2-butanon)

Keton

(1) CH3MgBr, Et2O

(2) H3O+

CH3 C CH3

(asam format)

(etananitril)

(2-propanon)

Sumber :
1. Fessenden Jilid 1, hal : 288, 395, 420, dan 497
2. Fessenden Jilid 2, hal : 5 dan 118

Refaldi Marlay / F / 6212062

Dhika Adriawan / F / 6212090

REAKSI KETON MENJADI SENYAWA LAIN

1. Keton

Alkohol
O

OH

H2, Ni

CH3 C CH3

CH3 CH CH3

(dimetil keton)

(2- propanol)

2. Keton

Alkena
O

CH3 CH3
SN2

CH3 C CH3 +

(C6H5)3P = C(CH3)2

CH3 C = C CH3

(fosfonium ilid)

(2,3 metil butena)

(dimetil keton)
3. Keton

+ (C6H5)3P=O
(trifenilfosfina
oksida)

Amina
O

NH2
NH3

CH3 C CH3

CH3 CH CH3
H2, Ni

(dimetil keton)
4. Keton

(2-propilamina)
Alkana

O
Zn, HCl

CH3 C CH3

CH3 CH2 CH3

(dimetil keton)
5. Keton

(propana)
Halogenasi Alfa

O
Cl2

CH3 C CH3

CH3 C CH

+ HCl

H+

(dimetil keton)
6. Keton
Asam Karboksilat
O

Cl
(1-kloropropan-2-on)
O

OH-

CH3 C CH3 + 3I2

CH3 C OH + CHI3
H+

(dimetil keton)
7. Keton

(asam etanoat)
Sianohidrin

OH
HCN

CH3 C CH3
(dimetil keton)

CH3 C CH3
CN
(2-sianohidrin-2-propanol)

8. Keton

Diol
O

OH
+
H

CH3 C CH3 + H2O

CH3 C CH3
OH
(2,2-dihidroksi propana)

(dimetil keton)
9. Keton

Asetal
O

O CH3
CH3OH,

+
H

CH3 C CH3

CH3 C CH3 + H2O

CH3OH, H

O CH3
(2,2-dimetoksi propana)

(dimetil keton)

10. Keton

Enamina
O

N(CH3)2
(CH3)2NH, H+

CH3 C CH3

CH3 C = CH2

(dimetil keton)
11. Keton

(1-propen-2-(dimetil)amina)
Imina

N CH3
CH3NH2, H+

CH3 C CH3

CH3 C CH3

(dimetil keton)
12. Keton

(2-propan-2-metilimina)
Hidrazon

NNH2
H2NNH2

CH3 C CH3
(dimetil keton)

CH3 C CH3 + H2O

(propanon hidrazon)

Ardian Surya
Johan Klemantan

/ F / 6212058
/ F / 6212094

REAKSI ALDEHIDA MENJADI SENYAWA LAIN

1. Aldehid
Alkohol
- Reaksi Reduksi
CH3CH2COH
(propanal)

LiAlH4
H2O, H+

CH3CH2CH2OH
(propanol)

2. Aldehid
Alkena
- Reaksi Adisi-Eliminasi / Reaksi Witting
CH3CH2COH + (C6H5)3PC(CH3)2
(propanal)

SN2

(fosfonium ilid)

3. Aldehid
Amina
- Reaksi Aminasi Reduktif NH2
|
CH3CH2COH
CH2 CH2 CH3
NH3
H2, Ni

CH2CH2CH3 + (C6H5)3P=O
(propena)

(trifenilfosfina oksida)

(propanal)

(propanamina)

4. Aldehid
Alkana
- Reduksi Wolff-Kishner & Clemmensen
CH3CH2COH
(propanal)

CH3 CH2 CH3

Zn
HCl

(propana)

5. Aldehid
-Halo Karbonil
- Reaksi Halogenasi CH3CH2COH + Cl2

O
||
CH2CH2 CH
|
Cl
(2-kloro propanal)

H+

(propanal)

6. Aldehid
Asam Karboksilat
- Reaksi Haloform CH3COH + 3Cl2 (1)OH(etanal)

(2)H+

HCO2H
(asam metanoat)

NB : X dapat berupa ion I, Cl, dan Br.

7. Aldehid
Sianohidrin
- Reaksi Adisi dengan Hidrogen Sianida CH3CH2COH + HCN

CN-

(propanal)

OH
|
CH3 CH2 CH C N
(2-hidroksi butana nitril)

8. Aldehid
Alkanadiol (Dihidroksi Alkana)
- Reaksi Hidrasi
OH

CH3CH2COH

H2O, H

(propanal)
9. Aldehid
Asetal
- Reaksi Adisi dengan Alkohol -

|
CH3 CH2 CH OH
(1,1-dihidroksi propana)

CH3CH2COH + 2 C2H6
(propanal)

H+

OC2H6
|
CH3 CH2 CH OC2H6
(propanal-1,1-dietil asetal)

10. Aldehid
Enamina
- Reaksi Adisi-Eliminasi dengan Amina Sekunder
CH3CH2COH + (C2H5)2NH
(propanal)

CH3 CH2 = CHN(C2H5)2

(1-pentana-1,1-dimetil amina)

11. Aldehid
Imina
- Reaksi Adisi-Eliminasi dengan Amina Primer
CH3CH2COH + C2H5NH
(propanal)

CH3 CH2 C = NC2H5

(propana-1-etil amina)

12. Aldehid
Hidrazon
- Reaksi Adisi-Eliminasi CH3CH2COH + CH3NHNH2

CH3CH2CH = NNHCH3

(propanal)

(propanal metal hidrazon)

Sumber Pembuatan Tugas Reaksi dengan

Aldehid :
-

Fessenden Jilid 2, bab 11