SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN BANDAR RENGAM

JKR 1645, JALAN BESAR, 86300 KLUANG, JOHOR.

PREPARED BY:
PUAN MARINA BINTI MOHAMED FADZIL
GURU CEMERLANG BAHASA INGGERIS

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Articles a and an are used with singular countable nouns.

A is used with words that begin with a consonant sound.
Eg:

a house

a friend

a car

An is used with words that begin with a vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u) and a silent h
Eg:

an aeroplane

an hour

an umbrella

The is a definite article. It is used:

To refer to a particular thing or person
Eg: The baby is sleeping
To refer to things which are only one of its kind.
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Eg: The earth rotates on its own axis.

To refer to something mentioned earlier.
Eg: I have a dress. The dress is red.

(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles.

1. Ahmad saw _____________ snake in __________ kitchen.
2. My father bought ____________ storybook from ___________ supermarket.
3. Harun is ____________ engineer. He works in ____________ factory.
4. ______________ is the highest mountain in ___________ world is Mount
Everest.
5. I went to ____________ cinema last week and saw __________ interesting film.
6. Please switch off ____________ fan when you leave ______________ room.
7. We went to ____________ Brunei during ____________ holidays.
8. __________ insect bit ____________ little girl on her arm.
9. Does your father have ___________ car? asked ___________ boy.
10. _________ man covered himself with __________ blanket last night because it
was cold.

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11. ____________ apple she gave me was sweet. It was __________ expensive
one,too.
12. Ill be with you in ____________ hour. Then we can go to __________ post
office.
13. Rozita is __________ prettiest girl in ___________ class.
14. Did you see ___________ book by __________ television?
15. Mrs John bought her daughter __________ expensive watch for her birthday.
16. ____________ children are playing in ______________ garden.
17. Please keep ___________ purse in _____________ safe place.
18. There are _____________ two coconut trees outside ___________ building.
19. __________ textbook is __________best we have seen. You can buy it.
20. During __________ august holidays, I went to see ___________ friend in Alor
Setar.
21. We had to take _______ number of busses before we reached _______ hill.
22. It was _______ amazing story but ______ rather long one.
23. There is always ______ lot of traffic on ______ road at weekends.
24. There was ______ flight in front of ______ supermarket this morning.
25. Will you lend me ______ pen to write ______ letter please?

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26. Last Sunday, I went to ______ cinema. There I met ______ old classmate.
27. ______ elephant is a mammal . ______ dog is also a mammal.
28. There was ______ fire at ______ shop in front of my house.
29. Encik Abu has sold ______ old house and bought ______ new one.
30. She is going to ______ shop to buy __________ kilo of sugar.

(B) Choose the best answer to fill each blank.

1. ______ mango that Ali bought was sour.
A The

B-

CA

D An

2. Last night, I went to ______ coffee shop. There I met ______ old lady.
Aa,a

B the , the

C the , an

D an , an

3. There are about 70 types of plants and trees found in ______ Penang Botanical
Gardens.
A-

B the

Ca

D an

4. If you go to ______ store, please buy me ______ sponge.

A the , the

B an , the

C a , the

D the , a

5. I bought ______ orange from ______ shopkeeper.

A an , the

Ba,a

C the , an
5

D a , an
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6. Swee Lan wiped up ______ soup which she had spilt.

Aa

B an

C the

7. ______ best boy in that class is also ______ honest boy.

A The , a

B A , an

C The , an

D A, a

8. ______ water in ______ Pahang River is very dirty.

A - , the

B The , a

C A , aD The , -

9. ______ old man is trying to cross ______ river.

A A , the

B An , the

C The , an

D An , an

10. Akmal goes to ______ Putrajaya bus station to take ______ bus.
A a , the

B the , an

C the, a

D a , an

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PERSONAL PRONOUNS
A Personal pronouns is a word which takes the place of a noun.
Eg:
woman
She

man

He

pupils

They

cat

it

We use singular pronouns to replace singular nouns and plural pronouns to

replace plural nouns.

Singular Pronouns

Plural Pronouns

We

You

You

He / She/ It

They

Personal Pronouns can be the subject or the object in a sentence. The object in
the sentence is the person or thing the subject does something to.

Subject Pronouns
I

Object Pronouns
me

You

you
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Examples
I have a bicycle. This bicycle is
for me.
You are naughty. The one who is
naughty is you.
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He / She / It

him / her/ it

We

us

They

them

She is not here yet. I have not

seen her.
We are having lunch. You can
join us.
They are washing the room. Do
not disturb them.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive pronouns are formed when self is added to my, your, him, her, it
and selves to our, your and them.
It means the action done by the subject turns back upon the subject.
Eg: He bought himself three shirts.

Subject Pronouns
(Singular)
I
You
He / She / It

Reflexive
Pronouns
myself
yourself
himself/ herself /
itself

Subject Pronouns
(Plural)
We
You
They

Reflexive
Pronouns
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronouns are used as pronouns to join two sentences together. They refer to
the nouns directly in front of them.
We use who, whom, and whose for people.
Eg: 1 The man who is holding a broom is the sweeper.
2 The man whom you gave the broom is the sweeper.
3 The man whose broom is here is the sweeper.
which for animals and things
Eg: 1 The tiger which attacked the boy was caught this
morning.
that for people, animals and things
Eg: 1 The pen that you bought writes very well.

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POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Possesive pronouns show ownership.
Eg: 1 This is my computer. It is mine.
2 That is your pencil case. It is yours.
3 This is our car. It is ours.
4 That is their puppy. It is theirs.
5 This is her purse. It is hers.
6 These are his books. They are his.
7 This is its tail. It is his.

(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronouns.

Afrina has gone to the canteen. ______ will be back soon.

Looi Seng is my best friend. ______ likes to play basketball.

Haziq and Kamal always go fishing in the river. ______ caught a catfish
yesterday.

I have found your pen. ______ was lying under a chair.

Tomorrow is a holiday. ______ is Malaysias National Day.

______ am feeling bored. Lets go for a show.

______ must finish your homework before watching television.

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______ have all gone to the field to play football.

______ are not worried about our grandfather even though ______ is already
80 years old. ______ can take care of himself.

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My parents said that when ______ were young, ______ had to tap rubber
trees. Life was hard and ______ did not have the chance to go to school.

(B) Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box. Some words can be
used more than once.
myself
yourselves

ourselves
themselves

yourself
himself

Itself
herself

1 The horse fell and hurt ___________________.

2 We caught the thief __________________ .
3 I have to finish this work _________________ .
4 The boys are quarrelling among __________________ .
5 Maria washed all the clothes by ______________ .
6 I told _____________ that I must work hard.
7 I warned Salleh, You must look after _______________ .
8 Badrul reminded _________________ to take his essay to school.
9 A cat is an animal which can look after _________________ .
10 The teacher told her pupils, You must help _________________ .

(C) Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words with the correct
possessive pronouns.
1

The books are Ainas.

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________________________________________________________________.
2

Give it back to me. It is my pen.

________________________________________________________________.

We made the kite. It is yours and mine.

________________________________________________________________.

This is my dictionary. I can lend it to you.

________________________________________________________________.

Are these your shoes?

________________________________________________________________.

I have got my test results. Have you got your results?

________________________________________________________________.

You cant take that blue umbrella. It is Sheras.

________________________________________________________________.

Mr and Mrs Wong bought the house. It is Mr and Mrs Wongs.

________________________________________________________________.

The cat does not belong to us. It is our neighbours.

________________________________________________________________.

10 I have lost my pencil. Can I please borrow your book?

________________________________________________________________.

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(D) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You can use each word more
than once.
who

whose

whom

which

that

1 That is the girl ______________ book was stolen.

2 She is the girl ____________ helped me.
3 The lady _____________ spoke to you is my aunt.
4 The bird ______________ we found is dead.
5 Here is the pencil ________________ I had lost.
6 The girl ______________ father is a soldier helped us.
7 The dog _____________ bit my sister has been shot.
8 The man to _____________ I gave the pen is our dentist.
9 That is the teacher to _______________ we must give the fees.
10 The lion ________________ we saw in the zoo is from Africa.

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Prepositions are used to show position, direction, time, etc.

Prepositions of Place or Position
(in, on, at, under, above, against, beside, behind, between)
Eg: He put his money in his pocket.
There is a pencil and an apple on the book.
Someone is at the door.
Hairul hid under the table.
The fan is above the chair.
Liza leaned against the wall.
Suzana walked beside her mother.
Rahman was chained between two pillars.
Prepositions of Direction
(to , over, from, along, across, around, up, down)
Eg: She has returned from town.
Jalil jumped over the fence.
They arrived from Australia yesterday.
They walked along the row of houses.
My brother is taking off his shirt.
They are running around the tree.

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Prepositions of Time
(in, on, at, for during, since, after, before )
Eg: Faizal was born in 1980.
The show is on Monday.
The train will leave at 8 p.m.
They went shopping after dinner.
The class began at three oclock.
Marina has not written to me since January.
Prepositions are also used with certain:

verbs
Eg: agree to/ with

believe in

complain about/of

apply to/ for

borrow from

hope for

ask for/about

compare with / to

think about/ of

adjectives
Eg: angry with

interested in

scared of

ashamed of

safe from

tired of

aware of

sorry for

used to

victim of

a taste of/ for

Nouns
Eg: arrival at

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(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct words given in the box.
under
at

along
to

by
during

on
before

between
around

behind
against

after
above

across

1 They camped ____________ Mr Johns house.

2 I stood ____________ the window and watched them play.
3 The cat is sleeping __________ the bed.
4 She went to Korea ____________ her holidays.
5 Look ____________ you. Do you see a helicopter?
6 There are several rows of shops ____________ the highway.
7 Swim ____________ this river and you will find the treasure.
8 Afrina parked her bicycle ____________ a car and a lorry.
9 We will come to your house ____________ 8 oclock tonight.
10 Dont lean ____________ the wall. It has just been painted.
11 If you walk ____________ the house you will see that the compound is quite big.
12 Be careful. Dont spill water ____________ the floor.
13 Please take off your shoes ____________ you come into the house.
14 Iman went over to Zikrys house ____________ he had finished his work.
15 The girls went __________ a movie last night.

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(B) Circle the correct answers.

1 There is a mosque ____________ the community hall.
A on

B over

C from

D beside

2 The policeman is walking ____________ the injured man.

A into

B through

C towards

D above

3 The baby fell ____________ the bed yesterday.

A of
4

B off

C over

D beside

In order to reach my house, you have to walk ___________ a tunnel.

A through

B between

C below

D under

5 Smoking is ___________ the school rules.

A on

B for

C during

D against

6 Never stand ____________ a tree during a thunderstorm.

A at

B of

C under

D above

7 Please share these sweets __________ your friends.

A to

B for

C about

D among

8 Adam likes to play ____________ the badminton court _____________ my

house.
A at , in

B at , on

C on , at

D on , to

9 The old man walked slowly ____________ the stairs.

A down

B before

C among

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D against

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10 The boy paid 50 sen _____________ his drink and left hurriedly.
A by

B for

C with

D off

C to

D along

11 We reached Brunei ___________ 4 p.m.

A in

B at

12 The prisoner crawled ____________ the guards until he came ___________ a

gap in the fence.
A with , by

B at , around

C to , below

D past , to

13 The athletes jumped ____________ the hurdles.

A up

B into

C over

D between

14 Hawa puts ____________ a pair of socks before wearing her shoes.

A into

B about

C on

D along

15 I was very surprised when the headmistress came ___________ the room.
A by

B into

C across

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D behind

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(C) Complete the sentences using the phrases given to make meaningful
sentences.
under the chair
over the high wall
in the drawer
at about four oclock
along the river
after completing my studies

across the field

beside the museum
with a pair of chopsticks
during recess time
in the evenings
from my house to the school

1 The little boy doesnt know how to eat rice ______________________________.

2 She saw a mouse _____________________________________ and screamed.
3 We usually go jogging ______________________________________________.
4 The train will arrive at the station _____________________________________.
5 Walk ____________________________________ and you will find Pak Alis hut.
6 Do not talk during lessons. You can do so ______________________________.
7 The post office is situated ___________________________________________.
8 Look ______________________________________ and see if the ring is there.
9 The fox jumped _______________________________ to escape from the dogs.
10 The distance __________________________________ is about two kilometers.
11 I will get a job ____________________________________________________.
12 If we walk ________________________ we will reach the railway station faster.

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Conjunctions are words which join words, phrases or sentences together.

1

And is used to join two words, phrases or sentences.

Eg:

Arif and Ina speak English. (words)

He washed his clothes and dried them on the fence. (phrases)
My father is an engineer and my mother is a housewife. ( sentences)

To join more than two words, use commas and and.

Eg: Please remove the chair, table and the bed from the room.
2

But is used to join together two ideas that are different in meaning.
Eg:

She is young but very wise.

Suria is clever but playful.

Or is used when we have to choose between two things.

Eg:

Do you want a piece of cake or some cookies?

She can take a taxi or bus.

So is used to show result.

Eg:

She liked the dress so she bought it.

He scolded me so I refused to talk to him.

Because is used to show the cause or the reason.

Eg:

The book is wet because he dropped it into the drain.

I cannot play today because I have a lot of work to do.

If is used to show condition

Eg:

If you do tell the truth, you will be punished.

My father will give me fifty ringgit if I pass my examination.

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Therefore is used to show the result.

Eg:

You have not completed your work therefore you cant come with us.
The children are weak in Mathematics therefore they must attend extra
classes.

Although and even though show contrast.

Eg:

Although Rama is short he can jump very high.

Eventhough she studied hard she failed the test.

Eitheror is used to show a choice. It means one or the other.

Eg:

I will buy either the hockey stick or the badminton racquet.

10 Neither.nor is used to show a choice. It means not one or the other. It joins

together negative ideas.

Eg:

Neither Ali nor Kamal passed the test.

Neither my sister nor I was present yesterday.

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(A) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.

either.or

therefore

although

because

or

and

neithernor

but

if

so

My brother ________________ I enjoy playing hockey.

_________________ Chee Keong _____________ Siti will be dancing. They

are both too young.

He must be on time __________________ he will be punished.

Gulia was still hungry __________________ he had eaten a lot of food.

They played in the house _____________________ of the rain.

Sita is intelligent _____________________ lazy.

The bottle was hot. ______________, he held it with a piece of cloth.

____________ Ruku _______________ Serena will take part. Who do you

prefer?

I will play ______________ my father allows me to.

10

It was very cold _______________ she wore a sweater.

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(B) Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

1

Ravi lost his money, _____________ he borrowed some from his friend.
A so

B and

B therefore

C but

D because

She accepted the invitation ______________ she did not feel like going.
A unless

D but

It was raining heavily _____________ we postponed the football match.

A if

C or

B therefore

C if

D or

Mr King has to work overtime ________ hell be late for dinner, said his
secretary.
A or

B because

D but

she is very shy ___________ she is still new around here.

A or

C therefore

B so

C as

D and

_________ Fikri ________ Muaz must try to score a goal. If they dont, we
will lose.
A Neither, or

B Either , nor

C Neither, nor

D Either, or

Zaki could not speak to his friend ______________ the phone was out of
order.
A but

C or

Maria:

What did you get for your birthday, Joe?

Joe:

A wrist watch __________ a bicycle.

A either
9

B and

B and

C therefore

D because

D or

Hakim is talkative __________ his brother is quiet.

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A and
10

B but

C so

D because

____________ Khadeeja was not feeling well, she still wanted to go to

school.
A If

B Because

C Although

D Unless

(C) Join each pair of sentences using the conjunction given in brackets.

1 You will be fat. You eat too much. (if)

_______________________________________________________________
2 It is cold. It is wet. ( and )
_______________________________________________________________
3 He is in bed. He is sick. ( because )
_______________________________________________________________
4 Are these ants? Are these termites? ( or )
_______________________________________________________________
5 It is warm. You can switch on the air conditioner. ( so )
_______________________________________________________________
6

The blue dress was torn. She wore the green one. ( so )
_______________________________________________________________

7 Wear a coat. You will be cold. ( or )

________________________________________________________________
8 You can wait. You can come back tomorrow. ( eitheror )

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________________________________________________________________

9 He was hungry. He refused to eat. ( but )

________________________________________________________________
10 He is old. He is still strong. ( although )
________________________________________________________________

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A collective noun refer to a group of people, animals or things.

an anthology of poems

a congregation of

a library of books

worshippers
an army of soldiers/ ants

a constellation of stars

a litter of cubs, pups, kittens

a bale of cotton, wool

a cortege of mourners

a mob of gangsters

a band of musicians

a crate of fruits

a nest of rabbits, mice

a batch of bread

a crew of sailors

a pack of cards, rascals,

wolves

a bench of magistrates

a crowd of spectators

a party of friends

a board of directors

a field of runners

a plague of locusts

a bouquet of flowers

a fleet of motorcars, ships

a punnet of strawberries

a brood of chickens

a flight of stairs,

a quiver of arrows

aeroplanes, swallows
a bunch of grapes, bananas a flock of birds, sheep

a school of whales,
dolphins

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a bundle of rags

a forest of trees

a set of china, clubs, tools

a chest of drawers

a gaggle of geese

a shoal of fish

a choir of singers

a gang of labourers, thives

a stack of hay

a class of scholars, pupils

a group of islands

a staff of servants, teachers

a clump of trees

a hail of fire

a string of beads, pearls

a cluster of diamonds, stars

a heap of stones

a stud of horses

a clutch of eggs

a hedge of bushes

a suit of clothes

a collection of pictures,

a herd of buffaloes, cattle,

a suite of furniture, rooms

stamps

elephants

a comb of bananas

a horde of savages

a swarm of bees

a company of actors

a host of angels, sparrows

a team of horses, oxen,

players

a tribe of natives

a troop of monkeys, lions

a troupe of dancers

a tuft of grass

(A) Underline the correct words

1

My father bought a ( bouquet , group ) of flowers for my mother.

Sarimah has a ( group , collection ) of stamps.

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We ate a ( brood , bunch ) of bananas.

A ( crew , pack ) of sailors got off the ship.

They ran up the ( flight , flock ) of steps.

The ( crate , heap ) of oranges weighs about ten kilograms.

There was a ( gang , crowd ) of people outside the cave.

I saw a ( row , fleet ) of ships at the harbor.

A ( flock , group ) of sheep is in the pen.

10

The little boy chased the ( gaggle , herd ) of geese away.

11

A (troop , gang ) of smugglers were caught by the police.

12

There is a ( pack, group ) of boys under the angsana tree.

13

Ikbal buried the ( heap , collection ) of rubbish.

14

A ( herd , brood ) of elephants damaged the oil palm estate.

15

There is a ( nest , litter ) of kittens in the box.

(B) Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box.
stars
crockery
singers
ants

poems
steps
shophouses
cotton

pupils
roses
wasps
beads

dancers
musicians
puppies
geese

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drawers
cars
stamps
rags

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1 An army of

___________________

2 A choir of

___________________

3 A litter of

___________________

4 A gaggle of

___________________

5 A bundle of

___________________

6 A set of

___________________

a troupe of

_________________

A chest of

_________________

An anthology of

_________________

10

A class of

_________________

11

A swarm of

_________________

12

A row of

_________________

13

A string of

_________________

14

A fleet of

_________________

15

A collection of

_________________

16

A flight of

_________________

17

A bale of

_________________

18

A cluster of

_________________

19

A bouquet of

_________________

20

A band of

_________________

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(C) Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank.

1

I bought my mother a ____________ of spectacles yesterday.

A bouquet

D flock

B can

C crate

D chest

B flock

C team

D herd

B collection

C string

D bundle

He has a ____________ of durian trees in his garden.

A herd

C school

I need a ____________ of playing cards to do this trick.

A pack

B troop

A ____________ of bees attacked the poor woodcutter.

A swarm

D bunch

I was hungry so I opened a ____________ of sardines.

A pack

C packet

There is a ____________ of soldiers marching on the field.

A team

B pair

B clump

C bunch

D flock

My teacher presented me with a ____________ of chocolate for being the

first in the class.
A bouquet

C dozen

D bundle

There are a few ____________ rice in the bowl.

A groups

B bar

B grains

C flights

D gaggles

The carriage is pulled by a ____________ of horses.

A herd

B stud

C pack

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D flock

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10

Last weekend a ____________ of boy scouts went camping. While they were
putting up their tents they saw a ____________ of wolves.
A troop , pack

11

C crew , team

D team , troop

My father has a ____________ of old coins in his coin album.

A swarm

12

B gang , herd

B clutch

C collection

D bar

One of the fishermen soon sighted a ____________ of fish.

A shoal

B troop

C brood

D herd

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.

Eg: spoons , clock , state , plant, deer
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Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted.

Eg: salt, flour , petrol , coffee , dust , cotton , butter
Note:

many , several , a few

Eg:

These words are used with countable

There are many coins in the box.

nouns.

Several people came today.

I have a few ringgit.

much , a little

Eg:

These words are used with uncountable

Too much salt is bad for health.

nouns.

He sipped a little of the tea to taste it.

some , a lot of , plenty of

Eg:

These words are used with both

A lot of children play in this playground.

countable and uncountable nouns.

We gave away plenty of old clothes.

She bought some pineapple.

any

Eg:

This word is used in negative statements

Do you have any antiques at home?

and questions for both countable and

Dis she have any food this morning?

uncountable nouns.

There isnt any milk in the bottle.

(A) Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box below. Some words can
be use more than once.
many
a little

several
some

a few
a lot of

much

We must drink ________________ water every day.

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How _______________ seconds are there in a minute?

She has _______________ white hair due to old age.

Hurry up! We dont have _______________ time left.

Only _______________ of the passengers in the bus were hurt.

How _______________ days did you take to finish the work?

There is too _______________ sugar in my tea. It is too sweet.

He is not a very friendly person. He does not have ______________ friends.

_______________ houses were burnt down in a fire last night.

10

Can I have _______________ coffee or cocoa please?

11

_______________ of the boys were caught smoking in the school toilet.

12

There is a piece of cake and ______________ biscuits in the box.

13

You have lost ______________ weight since the last time I saw you.

14

How _______________ of you are going to the seaside?

15

The girls only have _______________ more minutes to finish the painting.

16

There were only _________________ pupils in the library at that time.

17

Pak Ali has _____________ money. He is rich.

18

Dont disturb her. She has _______________ work to do.

19

Jan said, I would like to buy a papaya and _______________ oranges,

please.

20

There arent ______________ young people in the village. Most of the

villagers are old folks.

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(B) Underline the correct words.

1

Zaki waited for ( a few , a little ) minutes. Then he went home.

You have to add only ( a few , a little ) milk to the coffee.

Mrs Kim tries to save ( a few , a little ) ringgit every day.

The kitten add only ( a few , a little ) small piece of fish .

We need ( a few , a little ) oil for the old sewing machine.

He washed his face with ( a few , a little ) warm water.

You have only ( a few , a little ) more minutes to complete the work.

Yahya caught ( a few , a little ) grasshoppers to use as bait for fishing.

My sister mixed the flour ( a few , a little ) butter.

10

( A few , A little ) birds ate the farmers crops.

11

Please add ( a few , a little ) more coconut milk to the curry.

12

They have ( a few , a little ) relatives in Vietnam.

13

How ( much , many ) does this pen cost?

14

There was a fire last night ( much , many ) houses were burnt down .

15

There are ( many , a little ) seats, please do not rush.

16

We saw ( a lot of , much ) monkeys at the park.

17

Baljit Kaur made ( much , many ) paper flowers.

18

There are ( some , any ) hockey sticks in the storeroom.

19

We do not have ( some , any ) L size T- shirts.

20

My cat eats ( some , any ) raw meat every day.

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21

Why arent ( some , any ) of you doing your homework?

22

We are looking for ( some , any ) small insects for our science project.

23

I cannot let you because you do not have ( some , any ) tickets.

24

There arent ( some, any ) flowers in the garden.

25

The rich man gave the orphan ( some , any ) food and money.

Adverbs are words that tell us more about an action (verb).

Types of adverbs:
Adverbs of Manner
(softly, quickly, angrily, etc)
To describe how action is done.

Eg:
(a) The sick man talked slowly.
(b) He examined the stamp carefully.
marinafadzil
34

Adverbs of Time

Eg:

( after, before, already, now,

(a) They had supper after the show.

since, seldom, soon, always, often )

(b) We will reach home soon.

To describe when an action happens.

Adverbs of Place

Eg:

(here , there, everywhere, nowhere)

To describe where an action is done

(a) We have to wait here.

(b) They were staying there for two years.

NOTE:
Adverbs commonly used with certain verbs.
act
answer
ask
accept
bark
bleed
blow
bow
clap
cry
dance
drive
eat
explain
fight
give
greet
laugh
listen
look
pull
run

quickly
correctly, clearly
nicely, humbly, politely
readily, gratefully
loudly, fiercely, joyfully
badly, profusely
gently, strongly
humbly, respectfully
loudly, joyfully, excitedly
bitterly, sadly, softly, loudly
gracefully, beautifully
carefully, slowly, recklessly
hungrily, greedily
clearly, briefly
bravely, profusely
generously, kindly, willingly
cheerfully, loudly, politely
heartily, happily, loudly
attentively
shyly, longingly, lovingly
hard
fast, quickly
35

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remember
sing
shout
sleep
smile
speak
wait
walk
work
write

clearly
softly, sweetly
angrily, loudly, joyfully
soundly, lightly
kindly, shyly, broadly
boastfully
patiently, anxiously
hurriedly, slowly, briskly
slowly, willingly, hard
neatly, beautifully

(A) Fill in the blanks with the most suitable adverbs from the box
bitterly

after

everywhere

well
soon

there
rudely

correctly
loudly

safely

John spoke _______________ to his parents.

The train will be arriving _______________.

Raju did not do ______________ in his examinations.

She looked _______________ but could not find the keys.

Zain answered all the questions _______________.

The old woman cried _______________ when she heard the news.

Please do not talk _______________ in the library, she said.

Wash the dishes _______________ eating, mother said to me.

Please put the cupboard _______________ , she said pointing to the corner
of the room.

10

The plane landed _______________ at the airport in spite of the bad weather.
36

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(B) Complete each sentence with a suitable adverb.

You must study _______________.

She sing _______________.

The teacher explained it _______________.

The dogs barked _______________.

She ran _______________.

The soldier fought _______________.

Lisa accepted the gift _______________.

All the pupils listened _______________.

Farhana works _______________.

10

Ain writes _______________.

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
Adverbs have three degrees of comparison:
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The positive is used

Eg:

To describe one situation

To compare two equal or

Similar situations

He sings softly.
We studied hard.
Jack sings as softly as John.
We studied as hard as everyone.

Eg:

The comparative is used to

compare two situations that are

Liya walks more slowly.

not equal.

Syafiq worked harder than them.

The superlative is used to

Eg:

compare three or more situations.

She walks most slowly of all.

Adliena worked hardest of the three girls.

List of adverbs according to the degrees of comparison.

angrily

Positive

Comparative
more angrily

Superlative
most angrily

badly

worst

worst

beautifully

more beautifully

most beautifully

bravely

more bravely

most bravely

carefully

more carefully

most carefully

carelessly

more carelessly

most carelessly

clearly

more clearly

most clearly

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close

closer

closest

differently

more differently

most differently

early

earlier

earliest

easily

more easily

most easily

far

farther

farthest

fast

faster

fastest

gently

more gently

most gently

gracefully

more gracefully

most gracefully

greedily

more greedily

most greedily

happily

more happily

most happily

hard

harder

hardest

late

later

latest

lazily

more lazily

most lazily

long

longer

longest

loudly

more loudly

most loudly

much

more

most

neatly

more neatly

most neatly

quickly

more quickly

most quickly

roughly

more roughly

most roughly

soon

sooner

soonest

slowly

more slowly

most slowly

sweetly

more sweetly

most sweetly

well

better

best

(A) Complete the sentences with the correct degree of comparison for the
adverb in brackets.
1 He wrote his answers _______________ ( clearly) on the answer sheet.
2 Mei Ling speaks English ______________ ( well) than her sister.
3 Aida spoke _______________ ( softly ) than Ammar.
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4 There were six jumpers and Afiq jumped the _______________ ( high ).
5 Helmi was the ______________ ( fast ) runner in this race.
6 Afifah ate more than I did but Amirah ate the _______________ ( much ) of all.
7 Adha dressed _______________ (smartly ) than his brother.
8 We must leave as _______________ ( soon ) as possible.
9 He draws _______________ ( bad ) than Zairul.
10 Uncle Khairi drives ________________ ( carefully ) than Mr Fikry.
11 The fire is burning _______________ ( brightly ) than before.
12 You can stay here as _______________ ( long ) as you like.
13 The cat moved ______________ ( quietly ) than the dog.
14 The guests arrived _______________ ( early ) than we expected.
15 We walked _______________ ( slowly ) because we were early.

(B) Choose the correct answer to fill in each blank.

1

They cheered ______________ when they were watching the badminton

match.
A excitedly

C sadly

D quickly

The hare ran _______________ through the bushes.

A quietly

B hurriedly

B quickly

C excitedly

D gracefully

I want complete silence! shouted the teacher ______________ at her

pupils.
A noisily

B angrily

C quickly
40

D terribly
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We lit up the bungalow _______________ and decorated it well.

A brightly

C politely

D clumsily

My cousin sang so _______________ that she won the singing competition.

A politely

B smartly

B terribly

C sweetly

D clumsily

Aidil is always busy. He _______________ seems to have the time to talk to

me.
A always

B quietly

C slowly

D loudly

B heavily

C roughly

D strongly

Please talk ______________ . The baby is asleep.

A slowly

10

D often

It rained ______________ yesterday. Our school was flooded.

A loudly

C usually

Zisham screamed _______________ when the doctor gave him an injection.

A beautifully

B never

B quickly

C softly

D politely

Iman _______________ forgot about his Mathematics test.

A completely

B thoroughly

C usually

41

D soundly

marinafadzil

abandon

leave

broad

wide

abundant

plenty

burst

explode

accuse

blame

catch

capture

afraid

frightened/ fearful

caution

care

agree

consent

cease

stop

aid

help

centre

middle

allow

permit

cheat

trick

ancient

old

check

examine

answer

reply

circular

round

ask

question/ request

attempt

try

clever

intelligent

avoid

escape

close

near

bad

evil

clothes

garments

beast

animal

collect

gather

beat

hit

comprehend

understand

beautiful

lovely

conceal

hide

begin

start

contest

competition

below

underneath

correct

right

big

large

cost

price

blank

empty

cruel

brutal

bloom

flower

cunning

sly

brave

bold

damp

wet

breeze

wind

dawn

day/ break

brief

short

bright

shining

dear

expensive

deceive

cheat

Words similar in meaning.

bring

fetch

zero

nought

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disease

sickness/ illness

look

see

divide

separate

mad

insane

dull

boring

many

numerous

easy

simple

mend

repair

enemy

foe

merry

happy

error

mistake

naughty

mischievous

event

incident

nearly

almost

extra

additional

neat

tidy

fall

drop

occupation

job/ work

far

distant

occur

happen

ordinary

normal / usual

fast

quick

own

possess/ have

find

discover

pick

choose

forgive

pardon

place

put

gift

present

pleasant

nice

glad

pleased

polite

courteous

govern

rule

port

harbor

halt

stop

purpose

aim

hard

solid

rescue

save

harm

hurt

rich

wealthy

high

tall

sad

unhappy/ sorrowful

hot

warm

select

choose

idle

lazy

stop

halt

join

connect/ unite

story

tale

jump

leap

stupid

foolish

jungle

forest

talk

speak

learn

study

thin

lean

leave

go

top

peak

like

love

total

whole/ entire

listen

hear

vacant

empty marinafadzil

weep

cry

little

small

writer

author

43

(A) Choose the words that have the same meaning as the underlined words in
the sentences. Then write them down in the brackets given.
nearly
lovely

actual
feeble

start
connect

courageous
caution

check
talk

numerous
mistakes

Do not speak too loudly in the library. (

Zakimah is a weak girl. (

I will begin with a story. (

Open the box with care. (

Join these two wires to turn on the light. (

What a beautiful case! she exclaimed. (

There have been many complaints from the residents in the area. (

The little boy almost fell into the drain. (

The real Mr Joe has been dead for two years. (

10

Examine your answers carefully before handing them up. (

11

Tan Chong is a brave boy. He saved a child from a fire. (

12

His essay was not very good. There were many spelling errors. (

)
)

(B) Circle the answer that has the same meaning as the word or sentences in
bold.

Leela loses her temper very easily.

A Leela cannot control herself very easily.
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B Leela gets lost very easily.

C Leela gets angry very easily.
D Leela gets angry all the time.

She sings like a nightingale.

A She sounds like a bird.
B She has terrible voice.
C She likes to sing.
D She has a sweet voice.

The Chess Club plans to visit the National Library.

A declines

B burglars

C guard

D gang

B last

C before

D start

C selected

D found

The scouts rescued the drowning girl.

A picked

D intends

When will the lesson begin?

A end

C dislikes

The thieves managed to escape before the policeman arrived.

A smugglers

B refuses

B saved

They purchased those grapes from a hawker at Jalan Intan.

A sold

B told

C stole

45

D bought

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I watched Superman IV yesterday. Superman is really mighty.

A huge

above
absent

B proud

X
X

accept

C strong

below

D big

broad

narrow

present

buy

sell

careful

careless

catch

throw

reject/

refuse
Words
opposite in meaning.
add

subtract

adult

child

cheap

expensive

after

before

clean

dirty

against

for

clever

stupid

cloudy

clear

graceful

ahead

behind

alive

dead

clumsy

all

none

cold

always

never

answer

question

appear

vanish

arrive
leave
ask
awake

go

rare

coward

hero

cruel

kind

answer

cry

laugh

dangerous X

safe

dark

bright

day

night

dead

alive

deep

shallow

defend

attack

dim

bright
marinafadzil

back

front

bad

good

beautiful

ugly

depart/

asleep

begin

end

better

worse

black

white

blunt

sharp

bold

timid

brave

come

hot

common

X
X

46

divide
cowardly

multiply

doctor

patient

forgive

punish

down

up

forward

backward

driver

passenger

found

dry

wet

early

late

east

west

easy

enemy

fresh

lost

stale

hostile

full

empty

difficult

gain

lose

generous

selfish/ stingy

friendly

friend

enough

insufficient

gentle

entrance

exit

give

everybody X

nobody

happy

everywhereX

nowhere

hard

soft

fail

pass/ succeed

hate

love

fair

dark

healthy

sickly

false

true

heavy

familiar

strange

here

there

famous

unknown

hide

seek

far

near

high

low

fast

slow

honest

fat

thin

humble

proud

few

many

ill

well

find

lose

illness

health

import

export

finish

start

X
X

rough

take/ receive
X

sad

light

dishonest

first

last

in

out

float

sink

increase

decrease

follow

lead

inhale

foolish

wise

innocent

forget

lead

47

inside

X
X

exhale

guilty
marinafadzil
X
outside

new

intelligent

stupid

interesting
dull

boring/

nice
noisy
quiet

north
south

join

separate

joy

sorrow

junior
senior

kind

cruel

late

early

lazy

odd

often
seldom

hardworking

nasty

even
X

open

close/ shut

past

future

lead

follow

polite

least

most

poor

lend

borrow

pretty

proud
humble

pull

length
breadth

old

X
X

rude

rich

push

take

ugly

less

more

life

death

put

little

much

quick

long

short

rare

common

loud

soft

raw

cooked

love

hate

remove

replace

male

female

right

master

servant

fall

polite

rude

merry
sad

same
different

mix
modern

separate

ancient

rise

mend
break

48

short
long
shout

slow

left

X
marinafadzil
X
tall/
X

small
spend

X
X

start

big/ huge

top

save
X

truth
stop

ugly

bottom
X

lie

beautiful

straight

crooked/ bent

under

subtract

add

vacant

occupied

success

failure

war

peace

supply

demand

warm

cool

weak

strong

sweet

bitter

over

tail

head

west

east

talk

listen

wide

narrow

teach

learn

win

lose

tender

tough

work

rest / play

that

this

wrong

right

these

those

young

old

thick

thin

yours

mine

tiny

huge

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A. Choose a word that has the opposite meaning to each word in bold.

The boy jumped with joy when he was announced the winner of the essaywriting competition.
A graceful

C dangerous

D fierce

B common

C costly

D fine

B kind

C arrogant

D bad

C above

D through

C floated

D flooded

She jumped over the low fence.

A under

B huge

The pupils dont like Mary because she is proud. They like Shela because
she is __________________.
A humble

D sorrow

That is a cheap vase, isnt it?

A broken

C worry

That is an enormous animal.

A tiny

B gladness

B below

The vessel sank during a bad storm.

A hid

B stopped

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I cannot remember his name but I can never ____________ how we met.
A tell

C slow

D alert

B low

C tall

D long

B happiness

C fortunate

D defeat

B enter

C land

D depart

B clear

C soft

D week

C good

D well

My cough is getting worse.

A bad

15

B active

Mrs Samy has a loud voice but her husband has a __________ voice.
A heavy

14

D alive

The flight from London will arrive at two oclock.

A come

13

C cold

We won the handball match. It was a great victory.

A success

12

b cooked

His house is situated on a high land.

A far

11

D say

We must go early because we do not want to be _______ for the show.

A late

10

C forget

You can either eat it raw or _____________.

A hot

B show

B better

She is present today but was _____________ yesterday.

A early

B late

C absent

51

D came

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1
Adjectives tells us more about a person, animal or thing ( nouns
and pronouns)

Eg: (a) Salleh is a tall boy. ( tall tells us about Salleh )

(b) That thick book is very heavy. ( thick tells us about the
book )
(c) Wild animals are kept in cages in the zoo. ( wild tells us
about the
animals)
(d) Imans grandfather is busy. ( busy tells us about
Imans grandfather )

We can also use adjectives to compare people, animals, places and things.
There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.
* The positive form of the adjective is used when no comparison is made.
Eg:

(a) She is a smart girl.

(b) He is a fast runner.
(c) The cat is a quiet animal.
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The positive form is also used when comparing two persons or things
that
similar or form
equal.
The are
comparative
is used when two unequal persons, places or things
are compared.
(a) We are
as of
slow
as adjectives
the other group.
TheEg:
comparative
form
many
is formed by adding er to the
adjective.
(b) She is as kind as her father.
(c) Tony is as hungry as his uncle.

Eg:

(a) He is older than my father.

(b) I am taller than my sister.
(c) They are younger than I am.

The comparative form of some adjectives is formed by adding more

to the adjective.

Eg:

(a) The problem is more difficult than that.

(b) My story book is more interesting than yours.
(c) She is more hardworking than her brother.

The superlative form is used when three or more persons, places or

things are compared.

The superlative form of many adjectives is formed by adding est to

the adjective.

Eg:

(a) This is the shortest way to the post office.

(b) The Kancil is the53
smallest car in Malaysia.
(c) Khairi is the strongest boy in his class.

marinafadzil

The superlative form of some adjectives is formed by adding most to

the adjective.

Eg: (a) Karmila is the most beautiful girl in my

village.
Note: The spelling of some adjectives changes completely when they are
used in the comparative
superlative
degrees.
(b) Chongand
is the
most hardworking
boy.
Adjectives in comparison:
(c) Chun Yap is the most disobedient pupil in
class.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
bad
worse
worst
big
bigger
biggest
black
blacker
blackest
brave
braver
bravest
bright
brighter
brightest
busy
busier
busiest
cheap
cheaper
cheapest
clean
cleaner
cleanest
clever
cleverer
cleverest
clumsy
clumsier
clumsiest
cruel
crueler
cruelest
dark
darker
darkest
dirty
dirtier
dirtiest
early
earlier
earliest
easy
easier
easiest
far
farthest/
fast
farther/further
furthest
fat
faster
fastest
fierce
fatter
fattest
friendly
fiercer
fiercest
good
friendlier
friendliest
great
better
best
hard
greater
greatest
happy
harder
hardest
heavy
happier
happiest
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hot
kind
late
light
long
naughty
old
poor
proud
rich
sad
sharp
short
small
slow
soft
strange
strong
tall
thin
quiet
ugly
warm
weak
wise
young

heavier
hotter
kinder
later
lighter
longer
naughtier
older
poorer
prouder
richer
sadder
sharper
shorter
smaller
slower
softer
stranger
stronger
taller
thinner
quieter
uglier
warmer
weaker
wiser
younger

heaviest
hottest
kindest
latest
lightest
longest
naughtiest
oldest
poorest
proudest
richest
saddest
sharpest
shortest
smallest
slowest
softest
strangest
strongest
tallest
thinnest
quietest
ugliest
warmest
weakest
wisest
youngest

More and most are used with adjectives of two or more syllables.
Positive
active
beautiful
careful
colourful
confused
difficult
expensive
famous
fascinating
generous
graceful
handsome
hardworking

Comparative
Superlative
more active
most active
more beautiful
most beautiful
more careful
most careful
more colourful
most colourful
more confused
most confused
more difficult
most difficult
more
most expensive
expensive
most famous
more famous
most
more
fascinating
fascinating
most generous
more
most graceful
generous
most
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important
intelligent
interesting
popular
responsible

more graceful
more
handsome
more
hardworking
more
important
more
intelligent
more
interesting
more popular
more
responsible

With some adjectives, the Comparative and Superlative are different

from the Positive.
Positive
bad
far
good
little
many
much
old

(A)

Comparative
worse
farther
better
less
more
more
elder/ older

Superlative
worst
farthest
best
least
most
most
eldest/ oldest

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.

worse
dirtiest

heavy
smallest

little
tallest

weaker

better

fastest

handsome
most
hardworking
most important
most intelligent
most
interesting
most popular
most
responsible

most famous
most
beautiful
fierce

sharper
best
fat

Adam is a very skilful player. He is the ___________________ player in

the team.

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Afrina is very pretty. She is the _________________ woman in his room.

Pupils from the ______________________ classroom will be punished.

Hariz is ________________ in art than Khairi because he won the first

prize.

Hawa is __________________ than Nurul in Mathematics.

He is the _________________ boy in the school.

My answers were ___________________ than Farhanas answers.

He

still

eats

lot

although

he

is

already

very

__________________________.
9

This box is not light. It is _________________.

10

This knife is ___________________________ than that one.

11

P. Ramlee was the _____________________ Malay singer.

12

A ____________________ boy fell into the huge drain.

13

The lion is a ____________________ animal.

14

He wanted the _______________________ toy in the basket.

15

Zikry won the race because he was the ___________________________.

(B)
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives in
brackets.

1 Aqliya is _______________________ than Aida.

( slim , slimmer , slimmest )

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2 The tomato soup is as _______________ as the soup my mother makes.

( tastier , tasty , tastiest )
3 Her results are _________________ than mine.
( good , better , best )
4 This van is ______________than the other van.
( small , smaller , smallest )
5 Is Mount Everest the ______________ mountain in the world?
( high , higher , highest )
6 It is not good to laugh at people who are _________________.
( far , fatter , fattest )
7 He is the _____________ man I have ever met.
( kind , kinder , kindest )
8 She is ____________ than I am.
( old , older , oldest )
9 Afifah is the ___________________ in this family.
( young , younger , youngest )
10 This bag is expensive but that one is even _______________________.
( expensive , more expensive , most expensive )

(C)

Choose the correct answer to fill in each blank.

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1 Jertih is __________________ town from the village. It is _______________

Setiu.
A the nearest, nearer

B nearest , nearer than C the nearest ,

nearer than
2 Who is the __________________ boy in class?
A lazy

B most laziest

C laziest

lazier
3 My watch is _________________ yours.
A as new as

B new

C newer

D as new

4 Winter is _____________ of the four seasons.

A cold

B as cold as

C the coldest

colder than
5 Im feeling very _________________ , thank you.
A better

B the best

C well

D best

6 Helmi can run _______________, so can Zisham but

Ammar runs

____________ of them all.

A fastest, the faster

B fast , faster

C fast, the fastest

7 There are three cars in the showroom. The red car costs ______________
than the blue one but the yellow car costs the __________________.
A a few, least

B a little, most

C less, little

less, least
8 Aleina is _____________ and the ______________ child in the family.
A the youngest, most obedient

B young , more obedient

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C younger, most obedient

the

youngest,

more

obedient
9 Many people do not like my uncle because he is ___________.
A proud

B proudly

C more proud

D as proud

as
10 These noodles do not taste _____________ those sold by the hawker.
A best

B better

C good

as

good as

NOTES:
Nouns can be singular or plural in number.
Eg:
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Singular
lamp
foot
potato

Plural
lamps
feet
potatoes

Plural nouns are formed from singular and nouns in the following ways.

by adding s
Singular
bananas
shoe
duck

by adding es to nouns that end in s, ss, x, ch,sh and o

Singular
bus
class
box
watch
bush
buffalo
tomato

Exceptions:
radio
piano

Plural
bananas
shoes
ducks

Plural
buses
classes
boxes
watches
bushes
buffaloes
tomatoes
radios
pianos

by adding ies to nouns ending in y

Singular
baby
lady

Exceptions:
valley
key
boy

Plural
babies
ladies
valleys
keys
boys
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by adding ves to nouns ending in f

Singular
calf
shelf
loaf

Plural
calves
shelves
loaves

Exceptions:
dwarf
hoof
roof

dwarfs
hoofs
roofs

complete change
Singular
child
ox
foot
tooth
goose
man
mouse

without change
Singular
deer
sheep
clothing
furniture

(A)

Plural
children
oxen
feet
teeth
geese
men
mice

Plural
deer
sheep
clothing
furniture

Write the plural form for the following singular nouns.

tent

___________________

dwarf _______________________

class ___________________

lady

bus ___________________
_______________________

woman

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_______________________

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match ___________________

niece _______________________

mouse
___________________
_______________________

11

thief

( B)

Fill in each blank with the correct word from the brackets.

10

___________________

12

life

clothing _______________________

The shop sells ____________________( watches , watch )

This is a cow but those are ____________________( buffaloes , buffalo )

I hurt my ___________________ when a thick book fell on it. ( feet , foot

)

She used up a ____________________ of tissue. ( box , boxes )

Mr and Mrs Chong have two __________________;a son and a

daughter. ( child , children )

One of Pak Rahmans __________________was stolen last night.

( goose , geese )

Mr Tan complained that the ____________________ of his house was

leaking. (roof , roofs)

Kevin scored top _________________ in the final examination. ( mark ,

marks )

She bought two _________________ of bread on her way home. ( loaf ,

loaves )

10

Dont play with ________________ or you may burn down the house.
(match , matches)

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The following words are used to ask questions.

1

Who, whom, whose are used for people.

Eg: (a) To whom must I send this letter?

(b) Who won the first prize in the contest?
(c) Whose book was found in the dustbin?

What and which are used for people and things.

Eg: (a) What is she doing there

(b) Which chair is broken?
(c) What were the cats playing with?

Why is used to ask for reasons.

Eg: (a) Why did Zairul cry?

(b) Why does she like to sleep in the afternoon?

How is used to ask the way in which something is done. It can

also be used to ask about amount and number.

Eg: (a) How do you make a kite?

(b) How much water does she need?
(c) How many people will be here tomorrow?

Where is used to ask about places.

Eg: (a) Where are they meeting?

(b) Where is the game going to be held?

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When is used to ask about time.

Eg: (a) When do the school holidays start?

(b) When will your father come?

(A)
Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You can
use some words more than once.
who

which
when

what
how

where
whom

why
whose

__________ are they laughing?

__________ do you tie a knot?

With __________ did you come?

__________ is going to help me?

__________ son won the race?

__________ does the show begin?

__________ is the highest building?

__________ are the children doing there?

__________ flowers are the most beautiful?

10

__________ will the concert be held? Is it at the school hall?

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(B)

Read the following responses and form suitable questions

for them using What, When. Where , Why , Who ,

Which , Whose , or How.
1 She goes to school by bus.
________________________________________________________________________
2 I can start work immediately.
________________________________________________________________________
3 The time is now half past twelve.
________________________________________________________________________
4 The cheetah is the fastest animal on land.
________________________________________________________________________
5 Mr Siva was driving the car.
________________________________________________________________________
6 The clinic is situated next to the pharmacy.
________________________________________________________________________
7 I will be wearing the blue shirt.
________________________________________________________________________
8 Rohaizat ate all the ice cream.
________________________________________________________________________
9 We are going to see a show tonight.
________________________________________________________________________
10 I borrowed Nurins bicycle.
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________________________________________________________________________
11 The dog is barking because there is a stranger at the gate.
________________________________________________________________________
12 The doctor will be here in half an hours time.
________________________________________________________________________

The simple present tense is used to state:

habitual action

Eg: a) I wake up at 7 a.m. every day.

b) She usually goes to the library every
Saturday.
c) They
67sleep late every night.

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d) He always works late on Mondays.

a fact or universal truth

Eg: a)He is a kind person.
b) She lives in a big bungalow.
c) The sun rises in the east.
d) Frogs eat insects.

NOTE:
1

For the simple present form, always add an s to the verb when the
subject is singular, except for I and you.

Examples:
He
She
It

home early every day.

I
You
We
They

comes

come

The table shows how am, is, and are are used in the simple present
tense.

am is used with I

is is used with a singular subject.

are is used with a plural subject, except for you.

Examples:
I
He
She
Mary

am
is
ready to go.
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You
We
They
3

are

Have and has are used to show possession, in the simple present
tense:

has is used with a singular subject.

have is used with a plural subject except for I and you.

Examples:
He
She
Mary
Everyone
Each of them
I
You
We
They
Peter and Jane
All of them

has
a hobby.
have

(A)
Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense form of
the words given in brackets.

She ____________ at a Chinese restaurant. (work)

I _____________ music classes on Saturdays. (attend)

Taufiq ____________ a glass of milk every night. (drink)

The boys often ____________ too loudly in the library. ( talk)

My mother always ____________ me with my homework. (help)

We usually ____________ around 10 oclock at night. ( sleep)

Farhana ____________ to parties whenever she gets the chance. (go)

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Amirah ____________ on the piano every day. ( practice )

Hariz ____________ his grandparents in Johor once a month. (visit)

10

Adha ____________ groceries from the supermarket. (buy)

(B)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in

brackets.
Bear ____________ (be) dangerous animals. They may look cute
and silly but

they ____________ (be) actually fierce and wild. Bears

____________( be) flesh- eating mammals. They also ____________ ( eat)

variety of roots and fruits. Bears ____________ (love) honey. They
_____________ (have) a thick coat which (be) either brown or black in
colour. The polar bear ____________ (have) a heavy white coat to protect
it from the cold. Although polar bears may appear to be large and
heavy, they can ran rather faster. Polar bears ____________ (live ) in
caves and ____________ (feed) on fish and seals.

(C)
1

Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

Fikri ____________ a hardworking boy.
A are

B is

C were

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D am

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My grandfather ____________ a walk early in the morning every

Sunday.
A takes

B having

C have

D had

B were

C are

D was

B washing

C washed

D wash

B comes

C coming

D came

She ____________ many dresses in the cupboard.

A has

D play

He will not ___________ today because he is sick.

A come

C playing

Does she ____________ her clothes every day?

A washes

B played

The pipe ____________ leaking yesterday.

A is

D take

Do they ____________ any magazines to read?

A has

C took

The children ____________ hockey every evening.

A plays

B taking

B have

C had

D having

Syafiq can ____________ as fast as a horse.

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A runs

10

B running

C run

D ran

My mother ____________ the rubbish into the bin.

A throw

B threw

C throwing

D throw

The present continuous tense is used:

To show an action that is going on at the moment of speaking.

Eg:
He is working at the moment.
She is bathing now.
They are exercising now.72
Look! The dog is eating a lizard.

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To show a continuous action happening now but not necessarily at the

moment.
Eg:
We are taking karate lessons.
I am still reading the story book.
They are studying for their exams.

(A)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given

in brackets.
1

Afifah is in her room. She ________________ . (study )

The boys are in Australia. They _______________ their holidays with

their uncle in Perth. (spend)

My neighbours moved out last week. They ________________ in Taman

Maluri now. (stay)

Intan loves to read. She ______________ now _______________ The

Naughty Monitor. (read)
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Everyone is in the living room. They _____________ television. (watch)

Look at Aidil and Afiq. Its almost noon and they _______________ still
_______________. (sleep)

Rohaizat cannot come to the phone right now. He _______________.

(bathe)

What _____________ she ______________ at the moment? (do)

Listen! Someone ______________ on the door. (knock)

10

Look over there. The boys _______________ butterflies. (catch)

(B)

Rewrite

the

following

sentences

in

the

present

continuous tense.
1

Mulan runs very fast.

____________________________________________________________________

They wait for the bus.

____________________________________________________________________

The cobbler mends my shoes.

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____________________________________________________________________
4

Fazreenatul cleans her room.

____________________________________________________________________

Aqilah and Natasha learn French from a private tutor.

____________________________________________________________________

I eat toast with jam and butter.

_____________________________________________________________________

Firdaus rides his bicycle to school.

_____________________________________________________________________

Taufiq helps his father in the shop.

_____________________________________________________________________

Mrs Chandra knits and listens to the radio.

_____________________________________________________________________

10

Aida makes sandwiches while Iman mixes the drinks.

_____________________________________________________________________

(C)
1

Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

Look! The thief __________ away, said the policeman.
A was getting

B were getting

C is getting

D are

getting

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The laziest boy in the class _________ by the headmaster.

A was scolded

B were scolded

C is scolding

C are driving

was scolding
3

She __________ to the airport now.

A drive

B is driving

was driving
4

The girls __________ at the school field.

A practice

B are practicing

C were practicing D

practices
5

Miss Wong __________ the letter to Miss Kumar.

A is delivering

B are delivering

C delivers

D deliver

The simple past tense is used to show an action that happened in the past
( at a known or unknown time)
Eg:
Mother baked a cake just now.
We watched the film last night.
76
He slipped and fell on the wet floor.

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NOTE:
1

The simple past tense of verbs can be formed by:

Adding ed to the verb

Eg:
walk- walked
jump- jumped

open- opened

talk- talked
show- showed
shouted
shoutAdding
d to the words ending in e
Eg:
love- loved
liked

bake- baked

live- lived
smoked

lie- lied

likesmoke-

* Changing y to I before adding ed to words ending in y, except

when the y follows a vowel.
Eg:
carry- carried

try- tried

say- said

bury- buried

fry- fried

pay- paid

Changing the spelling

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Eg:
fight- fought
bought
sing- sang

run- ran

buy-

eat- ate

fly- flew

bite- bit
drink- drank
broke
Not changing the spelling at all

break-

Eg:
cut- cut
hit- hit

put- put

hurt-hurt

set- set

The table shows when to use was and were:

Examples:
I
He
She
It

beat- beat

was

happy.

Were is used with a plural subject, except for you

Examples:
You
We
They

(A)

were

happy.

Give the simple past tense form of the following words.

1. Ask
2. Enter
3. Win

11.
12.
13.
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Catch
Throw
Bring
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4. Drive
5. Draw
6. Write
7. Paint
8. Swim
9. Cook
10.
Wash
(B)

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Fly
Blow
Skip
Cry
Laugh
Hide
Push

Rewrite the following sentences in the correct tense

using the words given in brackets.

1

I post the letter. (just now)

_____________________________________________________________________

Aiman works in a shoe factory. (two years ago)

_____________________________________________________________________

Rahman walks to school. (last Friday)

_____________________________________________________________________

Wendy gets many presents. (last Christmas)

_____________________________________________________________________

We were so tired and hungry. (after the show)

_____________________________________________________________________

Selvi, Rani and Lisa are at the party. (last night)

_____________________________________________________________________

Our grandparents visit us. (last week)

_____________________________________________________________________

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She screams because she sees a mouse. (just now)

_____________________________________________________________________

I prepare lunch for my family. (yesterday)

_____________________________________________________________________

10

He is late so he misses the bus. (that day)

_____________________________________________________________________

(C)

Use the correct form of the words in the brackets to

complete the passage below.

Long ago, near a pond in a park, there ____________(be) a kind tree called
Willow. One night, Willow ____________(see) the moons reflection in the pond.
He ___________ (think) that the moon had fallen from the sky and was
drowning. Willow ____________( jump) into the pond to save the moon, but the
reflection only ____________ (breaks) into pieces. Willow _________ (be) very
sad as he thought that he had destroyed the moon. He ___________ (begin) to
cry

until

he _____________(

fall)

asleep.

When

Willow

woke

up,

he

____________(see) the moon up in the sky again. He was overjoyed. To make

sure that the moon did not fall into the pond again, Willow ____________
(decide) that he would always live by the pond and watch over it every night.

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The past continuous tense is used :

To show a continuous that happened at some specified or unspecified

time in the past.

Eg:
I was listening to the radio just now.
Jim was watching television a few minutes ago.
He was working from seven to eleven last night.
To show two actions that happened at the same time.
Eg:
While I was bathing, the telephone rang.
81 we left the house.
Mother was making lunch when

Ali was bathing while Aziz was washing the car.

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A) Rewrite the following sentences in the past continuous tense.

1

The little girl always cries.

_____________________________________________________________________

They sang and danced all night.

_____________________________________________________________________

Julia listened to the radio and did her homework.

_____________________________________________________________________

He talked and ate at the same time.

_____________________________________________________________________

Mr Woo plays golf.

_____________________________________________________________________

She practised on her violin daily.

_____________________________________________________________________

Bella studied hard for her final examination.

_____________________________________________________________________
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Everyone had a great time in Pulau Pangkor.

_____________________________________________________________________

Puan Siti washed the dirty clothes.

_____________________________________________________________________

10

The children played on the beach.

_____________________________________________________________________

(A)

Choose the correct answer from the words given in the

brackets.
1 I was afraid as it _____________ (got , was getting ) dark.
2 He ________________ ( is living , was living ) in London a year ago.
3 They ________________ ( are working , were working) from nine to five
yesterday.
4 She called while we _________________ (have, were having ) dinner.
5 The naughty boy _____________ always ______________ ( wasthinking,
were thinking) of new tricks.
6 I _______________ ( walked, was walking ) home from school when I met
her.
7 It _______________ (was raining , rained ) when I left the house this
morning.
8 Puan Noraini ________________ (was teaching , is teaching ) when
Rahimah walked into the classroom.

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The simple future tense shows on action that will take place in the future.
Eg:
We shall go to Johor tomorrow.
He will retire early.
Vicky will do her homework afterwards.

NOTE:
The use of shall and will:

Shall is used with I or we to show a future action.

Examples:
I
We

shall/will

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You
He
She
They
It

sleep soon.
will

(A)
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given
in brackets.

My grandparents ______________ us next month. ( visit )

Azila ______________ us when she reaches home. ( call )

He ______________ us how to make a kite next week. ( teach )

She _______________ her homework in half an hour. ( finish )

Mrs yap _______________ the letter tomorrow morning. (post )

Puan Yusliha _______________ her children home later. ( take )

Mother ________________ Maslia to school afterwards. (drive )

I ________________ the photographs tomorrow. ( bring )

The bus _______________ in an hours time. ( leave )

10

Hurry up, Zita! The bell _______________ soon. ( ring )

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(B)

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

She ______________ angry if you lie to her. ( be , is )

Juliza _______________ for you at the cinema. ( will wait , shall wait )

It _______________ soon. ( will rain , shall rain )

Everyone ________________ the meeting tomorrow. ( will attend ,

attended )

Daniel ______________ to the headmaster about the matter when he

returns.
( will speak , shall speak )

Either John or Maria _______________ the piano at the concert

tomorrow. ( will play , was playing )

We _______________ again next Monday and continue our discussion.

( meet, shall meet )

The girls _______________ their new dresses to the party tomorrow.

( will wear , wore )

All of us _______________ to read at least one story book a month.

( will try , trying)

10

The students ______________ their examination results next week.

( will get , got )

(C)
1

Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

My father ________________ to Kuala Lumpur if it doesnt rain.
A go

B will go

C goes

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D went

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He will not ______________ today because he is sick.

A come

B donating

C donation

D donate

B sending

C sends

D is sending

I think it _____________ tonight, said Mr Tham.

A is raining

D came

She will ______________ the parcel tomorrow.

A send

C coming

Everybody should ______________ to the Welfare Department.

A donates

B comes

B will rain

C raining

D rained

She ______________ is an apartment if she has enough money.

A lives

B will live

C was living

D live

The future continuous tense is used to show a continuous action that

will take place at a certain time in the future.
Eg:
Alicia will be singing at the concert next Friday.
I shall be waiting at the airport tonight.
We will be meeting him tomorrow.

(A)
Rewrite the following sentences in the future continuous
tense.
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I shall wait for him.

_____________________________________________________________________

My cousins visit me quite often.

_____________________________________________________________________

Cik Azizah will teach us English.

_____________________________________________________________________

We shall eat ice cream afterwards.

_____________________________________________________________________

He will help Uncle Johan to wash the car.

_____________________________________________________________________

I will see him tonight.

_____________________________________________________________________

Bakri will keep all the money.

_____________________________________________________________________

Tina will study in the same school.

_____________________________________________________________________

(B)

Underline the correct words given in brackets.

This time tomorrow we ( will sit , will be sitting ) in a plane.

Velvet ( will be studying , study ) there for next two years.

Hock Leng ( will be taking , were taking ) a computer course during

the holidays.

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She ( will be celebrating , celebrate ) her thirteenth birthday soon.

Mother ( will be driving , was driving ) the car to the market

tomorrow.

I ( will be sleeping , will sleep ) by the time father gets home from
work tonight.

Hariz ( will be learning , learn ) how to drive soon.

The boys ( will be playing , play ) in the field afterwards.

She ( will be staying , stayed ) at her uncles house in Taiping next

month.

10

They ( be working , will be working ) from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

tomorrow.

11

You ( will be going , go ) to the market tomorrow morning.

12

She ( will be wearing , wearing ) the blue dress for the dinner
tonight.

The perfect tense shows an action that has already taken place, but
we do not know the exact time it took place.
I

have
havent

He

has

gone
eaten it
seen it
taken it
blown it
89

already.
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She
It

hasnt

You
We
They

have
havent

completed it
thought about
it
slept
caught it
sang it

yet.

Yet is used with hasnt or havent. Already, never, ever and before
are used with has or have.
Examples:

I have never been to Thailand.

She hasnt done her work yet.

The present perfect continuous tense shows an action which started

in the past and still happening.
I

have been
havent been

He
She
It

has been
hasnt been

You
We
They

have been
havent been

going
eating it
seeing it
taking it
blowing it
completing it
thinking about
it
sleeping
catching it
singing it

90

since
for

yesterday.
just now.
two days.

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Since, for, ever, never, etc are used with the present perfect continuous
tense.
Examples: You havent been sleeping well for sometime.
We have been talking since lunch.

(A)

Underline the correct words.

Rita has just ( told , telling ) us the good news.

A few pupils ( has , have ) broken the school rules.

Rozita has ( come , came ) to my house many times before.

Has Sarina ( injured , injuring ) herself?

They ( has , have ) beaten us at chess a couple of times before.

Azlita hasnt ( corrected , correction ) her mistakes yet.

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All the members ( has , have ) decided to cancel the trip.

He ( has, have ) promised to take me to the circus.

Do not disturb the hen. It ( hasnt , havent ) laid any eggs yet.

10

Has your sister ever ( drove , driven ) alone to Pulau Pinang?

11

Her friends have never ( spoke , spoken ) to me politely.

12

What have you ( done , doing ) to my plants?

13

Shira should ( has , have ) listened to her parents advice.

14

Have they (noticed, noticing ) the change in you?

15

His parents have already ( sees , seen ) her report card.

(B)

Change the words in the brackets to the correct tense to

fill in the blanks.

1 The fire ________________ ( burn ) since dawn.
2 _______________ you _________________ (complete) the project?
3 We _______________ (plant) sugarcane ever since we bought the farm.
4 The bell _______________ (ring ) . Its time to go home.
5 Maimunah _______________ (play) the violin since she was five.
6 They _______________ (not ) ________________ (solve) the problem yet.

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7 The firemen _______________ (put) out the fire.

8 I _______________ (send) back the rotten eggs.
9 The tailor _______________ (sew) my shirt since this afternoon.
10 The train from Singapore _______________ just ______________ (arrive)

accountant
acrobat
administrator
apprentice
archaeologist
architect
artist
astrologer
astronomer
auctioneer
author
baker

One who keeps and checks business accounts

One who does daring gymnastic stunts
One who controls and directs the affairs of a business
One who learns a trade while working for someone
One who studies historical remains
One who plans buildings and make sure they are built
properly
One who produces works of art like drawings and
paintings
One who foretells things by the stars
One who studies the stars
One who sells things by auction
One who writes books
One who bakes and sells bread and cakes
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banker
barber
blacksmith
butcher
caddie
caretaker
carpenter
cashier
charwoman
chauffeur
chef
clerk
coastguard
cobbler
comedian
composer
confectioner
contractor
curator
cutler
dentist
detective
doctor
draper
draughtsman
editor
electrician
engineer
farmer
fishmonger
florist
foreman
fruiterer
geologist
grocer

One who runs a bank

One who cuts mens hair
One who makes things out of iron
One who slaughters animals and sells the meat
One who carries clubs for a golf player
One who is employed to look after a school or public
building
One who does woodwork
One who receives and pays out money in a bank, shop,
etc
One who does the cleaning of shops, offices and
houses
One who is employed to drive a car for someone
The head male cook in a hotel or restaurant
One who is employed in an office to file records, keep
records, etc
One who watches the coast and prevents unlawful
activities at sea
One who mend shoes
One who tells jokes or does amusing things to make
people laugh
One who writes music
One who makes and sells cakes, pastries, sweets, etc
One who agrees to work or provide materials for a
certain price
One who takes charge of a museum or an art gallery
One who makes, sells and repairs knives and other
cutting tools
One who checks peoples teeth
One who finds out information about criminals
One who treats sick people
One who deals in cloth and cloth goods
One who prepares plans and drawings of buildings
One who edits or takes charge of a magazine,
newspaper or book
One who sets up, controls and repairs electrical
apparatus
One who plans and builds roads, bridges, machines, etc
One who owns or manages a farm
One who sells fish
One who sells flowers
One who supervises a group of workers
One who sells fruit
One who studies rocks and soils
One who sells provisions like sugar, coffee, etc
94

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groom
hairdresser
hawker
herbalist
inventor
invigilator
ironmonger
jeweller
jockey
journalist
judge
lawyer
librarian
locksmith
manager
matron
mechanic
miner
navigator
newsagent
novelist
nurse
optician
peddler
peon
pharmacist
photographer
pilot
plumber
poet
Police officer
porter
postman
potter
poulterer
referee
reporter
sailor
salesman
scavenger

One who takes care of horses

One who cuts and sets hair
One who sells goods in the street
One who grows or sells herbs
One who creates or designs new things
One who watches over pupils in an examination
One who deals in iron and other metal goods
One who deals in jewels
One who rides a horse in horse races
One who writes for newspapers and magazines
One who hears and decides cases in court
One who gives advice in matters concerning the law
One who is in charge of a library
One who makes and mends locks
One who directs and controls a business, or other
activity
One who manages the nursing staff of a hospital
One who repairs machines and engines
One who work in a mine
One who directs the course of a vessel on the sea or in
the air
One who sells newspapers for the publisher
One who writes novel
One who takes care of sick or injured people in a
hospital
One who tests eyesight and sells spectacles
One who goes from house to house trying to sell things
One who does odd jobs and runs errands in an office
One who compounds and sells drugs
One who takes pictures with a camera
One who guides a ship or flies an aeroplane
One who fits and repairs water pipes, bathroom
apparatus, etc
One who writes poems
A member of the police force
One who carries luggage at the railway station
One who delivers letters
One who makes pottery (pots, cups, etc)
One whom sells poultry ( hens, ducks, etc)
One who is a judge in a game
One who gathers news for a newspaper
One who works on a ship
One who sells things in a shop or from door to door
One who searches for useable objects among rubbish
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scientist
sculptor
seamstress
secretary
shepherd
shipwright
soldier
stationer
stenographer
stevedore
steward
surgeon
surveyor
tailor
tinker
tobacconist
Tourist guide
trader
undertaker
usher
waiter

(A)
1.
2.
3.
4.

One who knows much about the natural sciences

One who produces art works in stone, wood, clay,
metal, etc
One who sews clothes for others for a fee
One who keeps records, arranges meetings, etc for
someone
One who looks after sheep in the fields
One who builds and repairs ships
A member of an army
One who deals in writing materials, paper, pens, etc
One who records or writes in shorthand
One who loads and unloads ships
One who attends to the needs of passengers in a ship
or airplane
A doctor who performs operations
One who surveys lands
One who cuts and makes clothes
One who mends pots, pans, etc
One who guides tourists to various places of interest
One who guides tourists to various places of interest
One who buys and sells goods
One who manages funerals
One who treats the diseases of animals
One who serves at tables in a restaurant

Match the following people with the work they do

veterinarian
dentist
jockey
hawker

repairs machines and engines

mends shoes
checks and treats peoples teeth
writes for newspapers and
magazines
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5. journalist

gives advice on matters of the

6. optician
7. cobbler
8. detective

law
treats the diseases of animals
sells goods in the street
tests eyesight and sells

9. lawyer
10.
mechanic

spectacles
rides horses in horse races
finds out information about
criminals

(B) Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box.
fishmonger
butcher

doctor
soldier

authoress
usher

singer
chef

chauffeur
stewardess

Mr Hong works as a __________________. He slaughter animals and

sells the meat.

A woman who writes books and novels is known as an

________________________.

A __________________ has a difficult job in treating his patients.

The ___________________ showed the boys to their seats in the

cinema.

Ah Tan sells fish in the market. He is called a _____________________.

Puan Rahimah employs a _____________________ to drive her car.

Encik Zahar is a _______________. It is his duty to protect his country

from enemies.

The _______________ helped me to my seat while I was in the

aeroplane.

Christoper works as a __________________ in a restaurant. He

specializes in Fresh food.

10

Sheila Majid is a well-known __________________ in Malaysia. She

sang at the concert.

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Abattoir
Apiary
Aquarium
Archives
Arsenal
Auditorium
Aviary
Bakery
Barracks
Brewery
Caf
Cafeteria
Cannery
Canteen
Cemetery
Church
Cinema
Clinic
College
Confectionery
Court
Crche
Crematorium
Dairy
Depot
Depot
Dispensary
Dockyard
Dormitory
Dump
Factory
Gallery
Garage
Granary
Greenhouse
Grocery
Gymnasium
Hangar
Harbor
Hatchery

A place where animals are slaughtered

A place where bees are kept
A place where fish are kept for display
A place for storing historical documents and public records
A place where weapons and ammunition are made or stored
A large hall where an audience gathers for meetings, lectures or
concerts
A place where birds are kept
A place where bread and cakes are made
A place where soldiers live
A place where beer is made
A small restaurant where food and drinks are sold
A restaurant where people serve themselves
A place where food is canned
A place in a school or factory where meals are sold
A place where the dead are buried
A place where Christians go to worship
A place where films are shown
A place where a doctor receives and treats his patients
A school for higher learning
A place where sweets and cakes are sold
A place where law cases are heard
A place where children are looked after while their parents work
A building where bodies of dead people are cremated
A place where milk, butter and cheese are kept or sold
A place where buses are kept and repaired
A place where military supplies are kept
A place where medicines are compounded
A place where ships are built or repaired
A room with many beds in a hostel
A place where rubbish in thrown
A place where things are manufactured
A place where works of art are shown
A place where motorcars are kept
A place for storing grain
A building with glass roof and sides, for growing plants
A shop where dry and preserved food is sold
A place for exercise, with exercise equipment
A place where aeroplanes are kept
A place of shelter for ships
A place where eggs are hatched artificially
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Herbarium
Hospital
Hostel
Hotel
Incinerator
Kindergarten
Laboratory
Laundry
Library
Mill
Mint
Mortuary
Mosque
Museum
Nursery
Nursery
Orchard
Orphanage
Park
Pharmacy
Plantation
Plaza
Polytechnic
Prison
Quarry
Quay
Reservoir
Resort
Restaurant
School
Shrine
Stadium
Studio
Studio
Tannery
Temple
Theatre
University
Vineyard
Warehouse
Zoo

A place where dried plants are classified and studied

A place where sick people stay and received treatment
A place where board and lodging are provided for studied
A building that provides rooms for visitors to stay in
A building where rubbish is burnt
A school for children from 4 to 6years old
A place where scientific experiments are carried out
A place where clothes are washed and ironed
A place where books are kept
A building with machines for grinding grain into flour
A place where coins are made
A place where dead bodies are kept until burial or cremation
A place where Muslims go to worship
A place where historical relics are displayed
A place where young plants are grown
A place where young children of working parents are taken care
of
A place where fruits trees are grown
A home for orphans
A public garden or public recreational ground
A place where medicines are prepared and sold
A large farm or estate on which crops are grown
A public square or group of buildings in a town
A technical school where various arts and sciences are taught
A place where criminals are kept locked up
A place where stone, sand, etc are dug out of the ground
A place where ships are loaded and unloaded
A place where water is collected and stored
A place where people go for holidays
A place where meals are prepared, sold and eaten
A place where children are taught how to read and write
A sacred place
A place where sports events are staged
A place where a painter, sculptor, photographer, etc work
A place where cinema films are made
A place where leather is made
A place of worship for Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs or others
A hall where plays are acted on stage
An institution of higher learning
A place where grapesvines are grown
A place where goods are stored
A place where wild animals are kept and exhibited

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There are special words used to show whether the person is male or female.
Male
bachelor
bride
gentleman
husband
master
sultan
widow

Female
spinster
bridegroom
lady
wife
mistress
sultanah
widower

Special words are used for a persons children.

Male
father
man
king
Red Indian

Female
mother
woman
queen
squaw

Young
son (male), daughter (female)
baby, child
prince (male), princess (female)
papoose

Special words are also used for animals to show the male, female and young.
Male
Bear
Billy-goat
Boar
Buck (deer)
Bull (cattle)
Bull (elephant)
Bull (seal)
Bull (whale)
Dog
Dog (fox)
Leopard
Lion
Ram (sheep)
Stag

Female
MAMMALS
She- bear
Nanny-goat
Sow
Hind
Cow
Cow
Cow
Cow
Bitch
Vixen
Leopardess
Lioness
Ewe
Hind
100

Young
Cub
Kid
Piglet
Fawn
Calf
Calf
Calf
Calf
Puppy
Cub
Cub
Cub
Lamb
Fawn
marinafadzil

Stallion
Tiger
Tom-cat
wolf

Mare
Tigress
Tabby-cat
She-wolf
BIRDS
Pen
Hen
Hen
Duck
Eagle
Bowess
Owl

Cob (swan)
Cock
Cock (pigeon)
Drake
Eagle
Hawk
Owl

Adult
Ant , bee
Butterfly
Cockroach
Housefly
Mosquito
Moth
Wasp
Eel
Salmon
Trout
Frog, toad

Foal
Cub
Kitten
Cub
Cygnet
Chick
Squab
Duckling
Eaglet
Bower
Owlet
Young

INSECTS
Grub
Caterpillar
Nymph
Maggot
Wriggler
Caterpillar
Grub
FISH
Elver
Parr
Fry
AMPHIBIANS
tadpole

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Similes compared things that are similar in some ways.

as agile as a monkey / cat

as hungry as a wolf

as alike as two peas

as industrious as a beaver / an ant

as bald as an egg

as lazy as a toad

as beautiful as the rainbow

as light as a feather

as big as an elephant / a whale

as loud as thunder

as black as coal / soot

as meek as a lamb

as blind as a bat

as old as the hills

as brave as a lion

as playful as a kitten / puppy

as busy as a bee

as proud as a peacock

as changeable as the weather

as quick as lightning

as clear as crystal

as quiet as a mouse

as clumsy as a bear

as right as rain

as cold as ice

as round as a ball

as cool as a cucumber

as sharp as a needle

as cunning as a fox

as silent as a grave

as deep as the sea

as silly as a sheep

as devoted as a mother

as slippery as an eel

as dry as a bone

as slow as a snail/ tortoise

as easy as ABC

as smooth as glass/ velvet

as faithful as a dog

as sober as a judge

as fast as a deer/ hare

as steady as a rock

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as fat as a pig

as straight as an arrow

as feeble as a child

as strong as a horse / ox

as fierce as a lion

as stubborn as a mule

as fit as a fiddle

as sturdy as an oak

as flat as a pancake

as sweet as honey

as foolish as a calf
deer/hare/hawk

as swift as a

as gentle as a dove / lamb

as tall as a giant

as graceful as a swan

as tender as a chicken

as greedy as a hog

as thin as a rake

as green as grass

as timid as a mouse

as hairy as a gorilla

as useful as a cow

as happy as a lark/ king

as warm as wool

as hard as iron

as wet as a fish

as harmless as a dove

as white as snow

as heavy as an elephant

as wide as the ocean

as helpless as a baby

as wise as an owl

as bitter as gall

as dull as ditchwater

as frisky as a lamb/two year old

as good as gold

as hungry as a hunter/ wolf

as obstinate as a mule

as round as a barrel/ ball

as safe as a bank

as sound as a bell

as stiff as a poker

as sure-footed as a goat

as thick as thieves

A) Complete the following

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as ___________ as a mule

as _______________ as a

rock
2

as ___________ as gold

as ____________ as an ant

as _______________ as honey
8

as _______________ as

as _______________ as

thieves
4

as ____________ as a deer

thunder
5

as ____________ as glass

(A)

10

as _______________ as a dog

Complete these sentences with suitable words.

He was as happy as a ______________________.

We feel as hungry as a ________________________.

Learning to dance is as easy as ___________________.

Fang Ping is as quiet as a _______________________.

The ballerina moved as gracefully as a _____________________.

Her dress was as beautiful as the ____________________.

He is as fierce as a _____________________ when he is angry.

Dont worry about me. Im as fit as a ____________________.

The nurse was as tender as a _____________ as she picked up the

baby.

10

This bus is moving as slowly as a _______________.

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(B)

Correct these sentences by changing the underlined

words.
1

My brother is as thin as a poker.

My grandmother is as wise as a mouse.

Rajus hand were as black as gall.

I met a man who was as round as an elephant.

The hall was as silent as a bank.

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A compound word is made up of two or more words.

Examples: basket + ball = basketball
Sun + flower = sunflower
airport
bathroom
bean sprouts
bedroom
bedtime
birthday
birthmark
birthplace
blackboard
blackout
boatman
bookcase
bookmark
bookshop
bookworm
businessman
bus stop
butterfly
childhood
chopsticks
classmate
downstairs
dragonfly
dustbin
everybody
everyday
everywhere
eyebrow
eyelash

eyesight
fingernail
fireman
fire station
firewood
fireworks
fisherman
fishmonger
football
footwear
goalkeeper
grandchild

motorboat
motorcar
mousetrap
necklace
necktie
needlework
netball
newspaper
newsvendor
notebook
oil lamp
oil palm
outdoors
paperweight
pen pal
playground
policeman
postman
postmaster
raincoat
raindrop
salesman
screwdriver
seafood
seashell
seashore
seaside
shophouse
shopkeeper

granddaughter
grandfather
grandmother
grandson
grasshopper
groundnuts
hardworking
homesick
homework
ice cream
keyhole
lamp post
lampshade
maidservant
mailbox
mid-year
moonlight

106

skateboard
softball
somebody
stallholder
sunlight
tablespoon
teardrop
teaspoon
timekeeper
timetable
toothache
toothbrush
toothpaste
toothpick
torchlight
upstairs
volleyball
warehouse
washbasin
watchman
watercolours
watermelon
weekday
weekend
woodpecker
woodwork
workbook
zoo keeper

marinafadzil

main
mare
meat
medal
missed
muscle
none
oar
pail
pain
pair
pause
peace
peal
peer
picture
place
plain
plum
pore
practice
praise
presence
principal
rains
raise
read
real
rice
right
ring
road
roll
root
rose
roar
rye
sail

mane
scene
mayor
scent
meet
seameddle
seam
mist
sewmussel
sight
nun
soar
or/ ore
sole
pale
sonpane
stair
pear
stake
paws
stationary
piece
steal
peel
stile
pier
tailpitcher
tares
plaice
tears
plane
their
plumb
threw
pour
throne
practise
tide
time
prays/preys
to presents
toldprinciple
vain
vale
reigns/reins
waist
rays/ raze
wait
reed
weak
reel
won
rise
wood
write
wring
rode/
rowed
role
route
rows
raw
wry
sale

seen
sent/ cent
see
seem
so/ sow
site
sore
soul
sun
stare
steak
stationery
steel
style
tale
tears
tiers
there
through
thrown
tied
thyme
too/two
tolled
vane/ vein
veil
waste
weight
week
one
would

107

fair
feat
flew
flour
fool
fore
foul
gait
gamble
guild
grate
groan
hail
hair
hear
heard
higher
him
hoard
hole
holy
hour
key
knew
knight
knot
knows
leak
lightning
loan
loot
made
mail

fare
feet
flu
flower
full
four
fowl
gate
gambol
guilt
great
grown
hale
hare
here
herd
hire
hymn
horde
whole
wholly
our
quay
new
night
not
nose
leek
lightening
lone
lute
maid
male

marinafadzil

108

marinafadzil

a
a
a
a
a
a

IDIOMS
chip of the old block
close shave
cock and a bull story
hard nut to crack
skeleton in the cupboard
storm in a teacup

a wet blanket
a white elephant
An eye for an eye
Armed to the teeth
At loggerheads with
At the eleventh hour
Bite ones head off
Blow ones trumpet
Bring one to ones senses
Burn the candle at both ends
Bury the hatchet
Butter someone up
By hook or by crook
By leaps and bounds
Cant make head or tail of
Carried away
Cat-and- dog life
Close fisted
Completely at sea
Crocodile tears
Dirt cheap
Do away with
Down to earth
Draw the line
Easier said than done
Eat ones words
Ends of the earth
Face the music
Fair and square
Fall on deaf ears
Fell in ones bone

MEANING
very like the father
a narrow escape
an absurd and unbelievable story
a difficult problem
a dreadful family secret
much excitement about something
small
a discouraging person
something useless and expensive
to keep
Retaliation, revenge
Completely armed
Quarrelling
At the last moment
Answer sharply or angrily
Boast
Cause one to stop foolish or wild
behavior
Overdo work and play
Make peace
Flatter
By fair or foul means
With remarkable speed
Cant understand at all
Very excited
Life full of quarrel
Miserly
Puzzled
False tears
Extremely cheap
Get rid of
Practical
Fix the limit
Easier to talk about than to do
Take back something said earlier
Remote faraway places
Take punishment
With justice and honesty
To be ignored
Have a strong feeling about
something
109

marinafadzil

Fit as a fiddle
Get along with
Get away with
Get down to
Get into hot water
Get it into ones head that
Get on ones nerves
Get over
Give a piece of ones mind
Give the game away
Go bananas
Go by the book
Go off ones head
Hard up
Hard and fast rules
Have a go at
Have at ones fingertips
Have ones hand full
Have ones heart in ones mouth
Head over heels
High and dry
Hit the nail on the head
Hold ones tongue
In a nut shell
In cold blood
In black and white
In one ear and out the other
In the nick of time
In the same boat
Keep a straight face
Keep an eye on
Keep ones head
Let the cat out of the bag
Like water off a ducks back
Lock, stock and barrel
Look down ones nose on
Lose face
Lose ones head
Make a clean breast of

In very good health

Be friendly and in harmony with
Be successful in something which
usually
results in punishment or misfortune
Deal seriously with
Get into trouble
Understand
Irritate
Forget
Punish or scold
Reveal a secret plan
Act crazily
Follow the rules closely
Become crazy
Short of money
Strict rules
To try
Be thoroughly familiar with
Very busy
Be frightened
Deeply, completely
Alone and helpless
Guess correctly
Keep silent
Briefly
Purposely
In writing
Heard but without effect
Just before it is too late
In the same unfortunate
circumstance
Hide ones amusement by not
smiling or
laughing
To watch carefully, to look after
Keep calm
Tell what should be kept a secret
With no effect or reaction
The whole of everything
Treat haughtily
He humiliated
Become confused or over-excited
Confess
110

marinafadzil

Make do
Make ends meet
Make ones blood run cold
Make sense
Make the mouth water
Mind ones Ps and Qs
Mind your own business
Next to kin
Not turn a hair
On the dot
Once in a blue moon
Out of hand
Out of the blue
Out of date
Pick someones brain
Play fast and loose
Pull ones leg
Pull/wear a long face
Put an end to
Put the cart before the horse
Rains cat and dogs
Rub the wrong way
Runaway success
Run into someone
See eye to eye
Sell like hot cakes
Send one packing
Send to Coventry
Show a clean pair of heels
Show ones teeth
Sit on the fence
Smell a rat
Spick and span
Steal the show
Strike while the iron is hot
Stuck up
Take to ones heels
Thick in the head

To get along with what one has

Manage financially
Fill with horror
Have a meaning
Cause to desire
Be careful and polite about what
ones says
or does
Do not interfere in the affairs of
other
people
The nearest of relations
Show no fear
At the exact time or point
Rarely, once in a very long time
Out of control
Unexpected
Old-fashioned
Get ideas from someone
Act carelessly
Try to make someone believe an
untruth as
a joke
Look sad and glum
Stop
Start at the wrong end
Rain heavily
Irritate
Great, immediate success
Meet unexpectedly
Agree completely
Very readily or quickly
Dismiss quickly
Ignore as a punishment
Run away
Look angry
Avoid taking sides
Be suspicious
Neat and clean
Attract all the intension
Act without delay
Conceited, proud
Run away
Stupid
111

marinafadzil

To put ones best foot forward

Turn over a new leaf
Turn to other cheek
Turn the tables
Turn up ones nose
Under ones very nose
Wash ones hands off
Wear a long face
Wear ones heart on ones sleeve
With a high hand
Well begun is half done

To do the best possible

Conduct oneself better
Accept attack, refuse to take
revenge
Reverse the result
Be scornful of
Directly in front of one
Refuse to have anything to do with
Look serious or dismal
To behave so that ones feelings are
clear to
all
With arrogance
A good start makes it easy to finish
something

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Rohaizat ____________ a new motorcycle.

A has bought

D What

B is

C was

D were

B comb

C bunch

D set

B pack

C flock

D swarm

__________ I go out shopping with my friends, mother?

A Do

C Whose

The __________ of stray dogs attacked and bit the child.

A herd

B Who

I bought a __________ of grapes at the market.

A crate

D have bought

Petrol __________ a highly volatile liquid.

A are

C buying

__________ is the manager here?

A Whom

B buy

B Am

C Will

D May

The villagers saw a __________ of thieves hiding in the forest near the
village.
A crew

B gang

C fleet
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D troop
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My father stopped his car to allow a _________ of sheep to cross the road.
A herd

B torn

C tears

D is torn

B ran

C runs

D running

B howled

C howls

D howling

B spent

C spends

D spending

__________ your mother speak French fluently?

A Is

15

D shant be

She has __________ all her money on clothes.

A spend

14

C shall be

The dogs have been __________ since 10.00p.m.

A howl

13

B will be

The pupils were all __________ about when the headmaster entered the
classroom.
A run

12

D swarm

The letter __________ I cannot post it.

A tear

11

C flock

We __________ ask our teachers opinion before we make any decision.

A shall

10

B pack

B Do

C Was

D Does

The children __________ eat the bread because it was not fresh.
A do

B does

C dont

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D didnt

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Miss Zeela __________ the prettiest pair of eyes I have ever seen.
A has

17

B Is

C Are

D Were

B are

C was

D will

B a few

C a lot

D a little

B many

C much

D a lot

You are like your father in __________ ways.

A many

23

D having

How __________ must I pay for this food?

A few

22

C have

Are there only __________ chalks in the box?

A any

21

B had

Some animals __________ more active at night than in the day.

A is

20

D to have

___________ I boring you with my silly jokes?

A Am

19

C having

Whales __________ holes on top of their heads through which they blow out
air.
A has

18

B have

B much

C plenty

D a little

Busu and I made __________ a raft to cross the river.

A himself

B myself

C ourselves

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D themselves

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To __________ do you talk when you have problems?

A who

25

C his

D himself

B we

C our

D ours

B my

C mine

D myself

B its

C he

D they

B least

C most

D very

It is __________ to cycle very fast down a hill.

A danger

32

B him

She looks __________ cheerful today than yesterday.

A less

31

D Theirs

Water vapourises when __________ is heated.

A it

30

C Their

I hope __________ patience and hard work will pay off.

A me

29

B Them

Please stop that big boy from bullying ___________.

A us

28

D what

All of us listened intently to __________ exciting story.

A he

27

C which

__________ is the biggest kite at the kite- show.

A They

26

B whom

B dangerous

C dangerously

D to danger

You speak __________ Bahasa Malaysia than your friend.

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A good

33

B better

B anger

B worse

C sometimes

D never

B So

C And

D But

B if

C but

D because

B but

C and

D because

I hid __________ the bushes when we played hide-and- seek.

A on

40

B often

The men tried to catch the dog __________ it was too fast for them.
A so

39

D badly

She has not eaten well for a few days __________ she is very sick.
A so

38

C worst

__________ I am not here by 9.00 a.m., you can leave without me.
A If

37

D very angry

How __________ do you go to the dentist?

A always

36

C angrily

Syafiq did very __________ in the Mathematics test.

A bad

35

D very good

Mr Chong spoke __________ because he was annoyed with us.

A angry

34

C best

B at

C against

D among

The petrol dripped all the way because there was a leak __________ the
tank.
A by

B at

C in

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D through

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The exhibition was held __________ a public holiday.

A in

42

B in

C for

D from

B to

C at

D for

We went to __________ clinic to see __________ Dr Ramesan.

A a, an

45

D by

Why is she so afraid __________ cockroaches?

A of

44

C at

They stopped the car __________ the side of the road to take a short rest.
A by

43

B on

B an, a

C the, -

D the, the

__________ art competition was organized by __________ Parent- Teacher

Association.
AA, a

B An, a

C An, an

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D The, the

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__________ forgot to wear __________ badge to school.

A She, hers

B hardware

C sundry

D tuck

B theirs

C their

D them

B since

C with

D at

Ramans auntie is very tall. She is as __________ as her father.

A tall

D what

They have been talking __________ two oclock.

A for

C which

The boys took off __________ shoelaces before washing their shoes.
A they

B how

Amin went to the __________ shop to buy some tools.

A book

C They, themD I, me

Do you know __________ to answer these questions? asked my younger

brother.
A who

B He, his

B tallest

C taller

D more taller

We should __________ play in the middle of the road.

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A always

B never

D seldom

Aminuddin found a coin __________ the floor.

A over

C often

B in

C at

D on

I saw __________ German tourist eating at __________ hawker centre.

A a, the

B a, -

C a, an

D the, a

This is the place __________ I was born , said Encik Zain to his wife.
A who

10

C or

D but

B take of

C take on

D take off

B across

C around

D along

Please take care of __________ when I am away, said Mrs Thong to her
children.
A yourself

14

B so

She likes to bring her dog __________ whenever she goes.

A among

13

D how

The aeroplane will __________ at 3a.m.

A take in

12

C where

Hayati wants to buy a new scarf _____ she does not have enough money.
A if

11

B when

B ourselves

C yourselves

D myself

It is __________ to eat more vegetables than meat.

A good

B best

C better

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D very good

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My father bought a __________ of eggs from the market.

A swarm

16

B The, an

C the, an

D The, -

B himself

C themselves

D ourselves

B harbor

C warehouse

D station

B at

C on

D by

__________ help of a passerby, I managed to push the car to the side of the
road.
A By

22

D several

My driving license expires __________ in the sixth of October.

A in

21

C a few

Many goods are kept in the _____________.

A hangar

20

B a lot of

When they won the netball game, all the players felt pleased with
__________.
A yourselves

19

D brood

__________ apple she gave was sweet. It was __________ expensive one
too.
A An, -

18

C clutch

Zainals father is a rich man. He has __________ money.

A many

17

B comb

B With

C From

D On

Speak ___________, they are having an examination.

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A softly

23

B bravely

B plenty

B strangest

C stranger

D the strangest

B does

C did

D doing

B beside

C opposite

D between

B on

C in

D by

Rashid Sidek was __________ as the Best Sportsman in 1991.

A choose

30

D pack

The tourist stayed __________ Kota Kinabalu for ten days.

A at

29

C packet

My motorcycle is __________ Hamdans and Farids motorcycles.

A behind

28

B bunch

A penguin ___________ not fly, but it swims very well.

A do

27

D a lot of

This is __________ insect I have ever seen.

A strange

26

C a little

Puan Ani gave me a __________ of bananas yesterday, said Ramli.

A bouquet

25

D politely

There were __________ people at the grand opening of the shopping

complex.
A much

24

C loudly

B chose

C chosen

D choosing

We__________ you all in the cooking competition, said the girl.

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A shall join

31

B politely

B colourful

C most colourful

D more colourful

B many

C much

D a little

B robber

C robbers

D robbed

The bridesmaid carried a beautiful __________ of flowers.

B group

C set

D bouquet

They came back ___________ Pulau Tioman five days ago.

A from

38

D or

The __________ wore masks during the robbery.

A clump

37

C if

Dont give him too __________ food to eat.

A rob

36

D beautifully

Khaidar has the __________ T-shirt I have ever seen.

A a lot

35

C soundly

B therefore

A very colourful

34

D join

You must attend the course __________ you are ill.

A unless

33

C joins

Zaitons house was __________ decorated for her brothers wedding.

A angrily

32

B joining

B on

C into

D at

We shall rest __________ we have finished the work.

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A at

39

B above

C across

D after

When the fire started, __________ rushed to the door. Luckily, __________
was hurt.
A nobody, none

B someone, one

C everything, all

D everybody, no one

40

Henry bought a __________ of oranges for the Chinese New Year.

A collection

B packet

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C pack

D crate

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