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CHAPTER NO.
PARTICULARS
PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION OF TOPIC
10 22
LITERATURE REVIEW
24 - 25
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
27
29 - 39
FINDINGS
41
RECOMMENDATIONS
43
CONCLUSION
45
BIBLIOGRAPHY
47
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS WORK?
Work can be defined as transfer of energy. In physics we say that work is done on an object
when you transfer energy to that object. If one object transfers (gives) energy to a second object, then the
first object does work on the second object.
Work is the application of a force over a distance. Lifting a weight from the ground and putting it on a
shelf is a good example of work. The force is equal to the weight of the object, and the distance is equal to
the height of the shelf.
Meaning
Quality of work life has gained deserved prominence in the Organizational Behavior as an
indicator of the overall of human experience in the work place. It expresses a special way of thinking
about people their work, and the organizational in which careers are fulfilled.
QWL refers to the relationship between a worker and his environment, adding the human
dimension to the technical and economic dimensions within which the work is normally viewed and
designed. QWL focus on the problem of creating a human working environment where employees work
co operatively and achieve results collectively. It also includes.
QWL refers to the level of satisfaction, motivation, involvement and commitment individuals
experience with respect to their line at work. QWL is the degree of excellence brought about work and
working conditions which contribute to the overall satisfaction and performance primarily at the
individual level but finally at the organizational level.
J. Richard and J. Lay define QWL as the degree to which members of a work organization are
able to satisfy important personnel needs through their experience in the organisation.
Benefits
Workers throughout the globe have raises their expectations over the years and now feel entitled to
benefits that were once considered a part of the bargaining process.
Job Security
Employees want stability of employment. They do not like to be the victims of whimsical personal
policies and stay at the mercy of employers.
Employees demand more freedom at the workplace, especially in scheduling their work. Among
the alternative work schedules capable of enhancing the quality of work life for some employees are:
i. Flexi time: A system of flexible working hours,
ii. Staggered hours: Here groups of employees begin and end work at different intervals.
iii. Compressed workweek: It involves more hours of work per day for fever days, per week.
iv. Job enrichment: It attempts to increase a person's level of output by providing that persons with
exciting, interesting, stimulating or challenging work.
Occupational Stress
Occupational mental-health programmes dealing with stress are beginning to emerge as a new and
important aspect of QWL programmes. Obviously, and individual suffering from an uncomfortable
amount of job-related stress cannot enjoy a high quality of work life. '
Worker Participation
Employees have a genuine hunger for participation in organizational issues affecting their lives.
Naturally they demand far more participation in the decision making process at the workplace.
Social Integration
The work environment should provide opportunities for preserving an employee's personal
identify and self-esteem through freedom from prejudice, a sense of community, interpersonal openness
and the absence of stratification in the organization.
BARRIERS
7
1.
2.
Who's responsible?
The great mystery of U.S. management is "whodunit?" The focus is generally on "who's
responsible" for something rather than "what happened," and "how can we prevent this problem
from occurring in the future?" Recendy a client company had a problem with a shipment of
products to a customer. The customer called and said a quality parameter was out of spec.
Management's immediate response was, "who was on shift that day; who shipped it?" The
response was Who can we blame?" rather than "What happened, how did it happen, what system
allowed this to happen and how can we prevent it in the future?" Many organizations operate on
what we call the "Thermodynamic Theory" of management: "There is only so much heat to go
around. So the more that I can shift to someone else, the less I have to absorb." In other words, the
focus is on who's responsible, not how to fIXthe real problem and prevent future ones.
3.
to plan the right training. Management must provide employees with theopportunity to really do
their job andhave pride of workmanship.
4.
5.
Numbera, numbera, numbers :When wefocus only on the numbers, we forget the emotions and hearts
of the mployees. Uoyd Nelson has said that the most imponant figures in any company are unknown and
unknowable.
QWL PROGRAMMES:
QWL programmes concentrate on creating a working environment that is Conductive to the satisfaction of
worker needs. This program assumes that a job and the work environment should be structured to meet as
many of the workers needs as possible.
Richard Walton has organized into eight categories. These should be integrated, coordinated and properly
managed.
10
High Productivity
High morale .
CHAPTER 3
12
LITERATURE REVIEW
Miller, 1978; Kirkman, 1981; Metz, 1982; Mirvis & Lawler, 1984; Cooper, 1988) define the qualities
of work life are broadly similar to the study on Singaporean Employees Development suggest four
dimensions of Quality of work life labeled as,
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
The Study on Singaporean Employees development Cheng S says in a high QWL there should be a
positive impact on personal life, an opportunity to be involved in decision as well as an acceptable level
of physical comfort. Jobs seen to exist within high QWL work situations are those in which there is
13
minimal negative impact on ones personal life, and hopefully one which has a positive impact on ones
personal life.
(Taylor, 1977; Taylor, 1978; Donald, 1997) have generally established that QWL is positively associated
with job satisfaction and can be a significant motivator. One implication of this finding for management is
the need to consider the type of intrinsic and extrinsic factors highlighted by the four aspects of QWL that
comprise the motivational reward-incentive system used in organizations. Designing the job and the work
environment so as to include the characteristics of the QWL dimensions discussed above will contribute
to the workers sense of well-being, and provide a more positive start to other work motivation
programmes within the organization..
Kirkman (1989) suggests that in the future work society; the drive for more humanitarian treatment both
in and out of work will increase.
QWL has also been viewed in a variety of ways including
a) as a movement
b) as a set of organizational interventions and
c) as a type of working life felt by employees QWL, Self-evaluation and life satisfaction among American
Africans.
When for many people sex and relationships are troublesome--since they are often hazardous to
our health--work plays an even greater role in keeping us "out of trouble." Regardless of how much we
earn, most of us have some kind of agenda or work plan. And with so many people opening a home and a
cyber-office, with mounting levels of technology-related stress (which Bruria Ginton, owner turned
content-provider, calls frustression), many of us end up involved in more than one job, which we feel
compelled to get done, spending the greatest portion of our lives in what we consider our workplace. So
Quality of Work Life (QWL) is not some notion of frivolous luxury. QWL is just as real and useful as
virtual reality itself.
14
CHAPTER 4
15
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN :
1. Analytical Research: It uses facts or information already
available and has to prepare Research report on the basis of
analytical work .
2. Descriptive Research :Descriptive research is based on
description of facts. The main purpose of descriptive research is
description of state of affairs as exist at present.
16
Research Design
1. Primary data: a) Questionnaires comprised of 11 questions.
b) Sample Size: Total number of questionnaire
distributed 25 And the respondent are 20 .
2. Secondary Data: Internet & Books.
Tools For Research
The questionnaire method has been used to analyze and assess the
Quality of Work Life.
CHAPTER 5
17
MEASUREMENT & SCALING TEHNIQUEMeasurement can be defined as a process through which reasearchersdescribes,explain and
predict the phenomena.
The data collected through the questionnaires have been tabulated&analyzed through Pie
Diagrams.
LIKERT SCALE :
It is a non-comparative scale. This scale is used to measure attitudes & behavior. It
is usually a balanced scale and has typically five descriptors: strongly agree, agree,
neither agree nor disagree(neutral) , disagree, strongly disagree.
The rating followed by Likerts Scale:
Strongly Agree (SA)
=1
Agree (A)
=2
18
Neutral (N)
=3
Disagree (DA)
=4
DA
SDA
Data is collected through the questionnaire that have been tabulated & analyzed
through
1. Does Job allows you to use your skills and abilities to the maximum level?
19
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees 15 are strongly agree 5 agree, 2 neutral, 2 disagree 1 disagree for
their skills and ability for job allows.
Interpretation
20
Out of 25 employees,
21
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
22
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
23
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
24
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
25
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
26
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
27
9. DO you feel that your work allows to do in a particular area where you can do
best ?
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
28
10. ARE The superior is concerned about the welfare activities of the
employees?
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
29
Interpretation
Out of 25 employees,
30
CHAPTER 6
31
FINDINGS
Good working environment enhance the employee quality of
work life.
Poor quality of work life leads to absenteeism.
Employee and workers are not provided with adequate salary and
wages which reduces quality of work life which in turns affect
man power productivity.
By improving the QWL through promotion, training ,
distribution, of profits among the employees , welfare measures,
accommodation etc.
QWL involved proper communication which is help employees
to share their views, grievance
32
CHAPTER 7
33
SUGGESTIONS
Welfare and safety measures should be provide to the employee which
will go to motivation them constantly.
Employee should be given chance to participate in decision making and
intercommunication should be there.
Ensuring job security to employees.
Proper working
working.
Employees need high motivation from the top management of the
company.
Employees needs more compensation from the company
Employees expects mutual relationship between co-workers
Employees needs special training from the company related to their job
during working period.
34
CHAPTER 8
35
CONCLUSION
36
REFERENCES
BOOKS:
1.
K.
Aswathappa
(1997),
Human
Resources
and
Personal
Management Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi 110 001.
2.
3.
WEBSITES
www.citehr.com
www.humanresources.com
www.qualityofworklife.com
www.final-yearproject.com
37
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name
D.O.J.
Age
Deptt..
Designation
Statement
S.No
Strongly
Agree
11
Opinion
38
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree