Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
FRACTURAS EXPUESTAS DE
TIBIA
Introduccin
Asociada a dao severo seo y partes blandas
Mecanismo energa
Accidentes de trnsito 50 %
Cadas
Relacionadas con deporte
Melvin, Stuart J. MD; et al Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: I. Evaluation and Initial Wound Management
JAAOS 2010
Clasificacin de Gustilo
40 % de variabilidad intraobservador
Pronstica (riesgo de infeccin)
GI
G II
G III
02%
2 10 %
III A 5 -10 %
III B 10 50 %
III C 25 50 %
Brumback RJ, Jones AL: Interobserver agreement in the classification of open fractures of the tibia: The results of a survey of two
forty-five orthopaedic surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76:1162-1166.
Principios
Prevenir infeccin
Promover consolidacin
Restaurar funcin
Cobertura de herida
Rehabilitacin
Evaluacin Inicial
Escenario del trauma
ATLS
Factores de riesgo
Diabetes
VIH
Tabaquismo
Melvin, Stuart J. MD; et al Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: I. Evaluation and Initial Wound Management
JAAOS 2010
Evaluacin Inicial
EEII
Neurovascular
Compartimentos
Extensin de dao Partes blandas
Contaminacin
Tratamiento antimicrobiano
1106 pacientes
Uso de antibiticos disminuy riesgo de infeccin un
59%
Gosselin RA, Roberts I, Gillespie WJ. Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2004;1:CD003764.
Tratamiento antimicrobiano
Amplio espectro
Oral y ev
Buena penetracin
Alergia a betalactamicos
Mayor tasa de infeccin en G III (31 % vs 7,7 %)
Experimentalmente afecta fase precoz de consolidacin
Hauser CJ et Al, Council of the Surgical Infection Society: Surgical Infection Society guideline: Prophylactic antibiotic use
in open fractures. An evidence-based guideline. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2006;7:379-405.
Zalavras CG, Patzakis MJ, Holtom PD, Sherman R. Management of open fractures. Infect Dis Clin North Am.
2005;19:915-29.
Tratamiento antimicrobiano
1104 fracturas
Recomendacin 24 a 72 horas
Melvin, Stuart J. MD; et al Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: I. Evaluation and Initial Wound ManagementJAAOS 2010
Trends in the Management of Open Fractures A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY KANU OKIKE, BA, AND TIMOTHY
BHATTACHARYYA, MD THE JOURNAL OF BONE & JOINT SURGERY JBJS.ORG VOLUME 88-A NUMBER 12
DECEMBER 2006
Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J: Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res1989;243:3640
Tratamiento antimicrobiano
Tratamiento antibitico local constituye
complemento til a terapia sistmica
Mezlcla de cemento de polimetilmeacrilato mas
antibitico
Aminoglicosidos
Amplio espectro
Termoestables
Cultivos de herida
Mayor riesgo de infeccin que otros huesos largos
10.5 % vs 5.3 %
Cultivos pre y post aseo son innecesarios
Pre Aseo 8% asociado m.o a infeccion
Post Aseo 58 % asociado m.o a infeccin
En su mayora son microorganismos nosocomiales
Patzakis mj, wilkins j: factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. clin orthop relat
res 1989;243:36-40.
Trends in the management of open fractures a critical analysisby kanu okike, ba, and timothy
bhattacharyya, mdthe journal of bone & joint surgery jbjs.orgvolume 88-a number 12
december 2006
Melvin, stuart j. md; et al open tibial shaft fractures: i. evaluation and initial wound
managementJAAOS 2010
The Urgency of Surgical Dbridement in the Management of Open Fractures Clment M. L. Werner, MD, PD Dr med Yvonne Pierpont,
MD Andrew N. Pollak, MD J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2008;16:369- 375
En
casos
de
falta
de
cobertura,
severa
contaminacin, etc.
VAC
Melvin, Stuart J. MD; et al Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: I. Evaluation and Initial Wound Management
JAAOS 2010
Incremento uso 7 a 49 %
Menos injertos 5 % vs 20 %
Menos reoperaciones 19% vs 4 %
Sin efecto en tasas de infeccin, amputacin, no
unin.
Parrett BM, Matros E, Pribaz JJ, Orgill DP: Lower extremity trauma: Trends in the management of soft-tissue reconstruction of open tibia-fibula
fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117: 1315-1322.
DeFranzo AJ, Argenta LC, Marks MW, et al: The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of lowerextremity wounds with exposed
bone. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:1184-1191.
Tratamiento Quirrgico
Estabilizacin
Objetivos
Control del dolor
Proteccin de partes blandas
Movilizacin precoz
En politraumatizados reduce riesgo de embolias
grasas
Trends in the Management of Open Fractures A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY KANU OKIKE, BA, AND TIMOTHY BHATTACHARYYA, MD THE JOURNAL
OF BONE & JOINT SURGERY JBJS.ORG VOLUME 88-A NUMBER 12 DECEMBER 2006
Tratamiento Quirrgico
Fijacin
Melvin, Stuart J. MD; et al Open Tibial Shaft Fractures: II. Definitive Management and Limb Salvage JAAOS 2010
Trends in the Management of Open Fractures A CRITICAL ANALYSIS BY KANU OKIKE, BA, AND TIMOTHY
BHATTACHARYYA, MD THE JOURNAL OF BONE & JOINT SURGERY JBJS.ORG VOLUME 88-A NUMBER 12
DECEMBER 2006
Tratamiento Quirrgico
Fijacin
Puede ser definitiva o provisoria
Tcnicas
Fijacin externa
Osteosntesis endomedular
Fijacin con placa.
Management of Open Fractures and Subsequent Complications By Charalampos G. Zalavras, MD, Randall E. Marcus, MD, L. Scott Levin, MD,
and Michael J. Patzakis, MD J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:883-95
Fijacin externa
Recomendado en lesiones contaminadas extensas
de partes blandas
Uso en pacientes inestables que requieren fijacin
rpida en contexto de DCO
Conversin a CEM retardada aumenta riesgo de
infeccin hasta 50%.
Metaanalisis (2006)
Giannoudis PV, Papakostidis C, Roberts C: A review of the management of open fractures of the tibia and femur.
J Bone Joint Surg Br 2006;88:281-289
Management of Open Fractures and Subsequent Complications By Charalampos G. Zalavras, MD, Randall E.
Marcus, MD, L. Scott Levin, MD, and Michael J. Patzakis, MD
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:883-95
Fracturas de tibia
Clavo endomedular
Biomecnicamente mejor (largo, alineamiento y rotacin)
Carga precoz
Movilidad de articulaciones adyacentes
CEM Fresado v/s no fresado en Fx expuestas (SPRINT)
Sin diferencias significativas
Sin diferencias significativas en resultados entre F.E. y CEM no
fresado.
Mayor satisfaccin de paciente y enfermera en CEM
Tornetta P 3rd, Bergman M, Watnik N, Berkowitz G, Steuer J. Treatment of grade-IIIb open tibial fractures. A prospective randomised comparison of external
fixation and non-reamed locked nailing. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:13-9.
FRACTURAS EXPUESTAS