Tt055 - Ruedas y Neumaticos

TT-055-0905
Ruedas y neumticos
El neumtico
su seguro de
vida?
Service Training
TT-055-0905
Ruedas y neumticos
El neumtico
da?
su seguro de vi
Service Training
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Contenido
Funciones del neumtico
Estructura del neumtico
Propiedades del neumtico
Rotulaciones en neumticos
Llanta
Vlvula de goma
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 2/34
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Funciones del neumtico

En los rpidos automviles de vanguardia, el
neumtico es un componente de alta calidad,
que pertenece al sistema del tren de rodaje.
El neumtico debe:
muellear
amortiguar
establecer una buena marcha recta
poseer unas buenas propiedades de
marcha concntrica y una larga vida
til.
ofrecer la mayor seguridad posible en
cualquier condicin climatolgica.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 3/34
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Composicin
NR
BR
SBR
Holln
Silicato
Natural-Rubber
Butadiene-Rubber
Styrene-ButadieneRubber
Polmero
Materia de carga
Materia de carga
Buen agarre en mojado;
una buena resistencia
de la forma
Polmero
Polmero
Aumenta la resistencia
al desgaste
Caucho natural
Caucho sinttico
Caucho sinttico
Azufre
Agente acelerador
Activador
Aditivo
Aditivo
Aditivo
Aditivo
Aditivo
Para la vulcanizacin
Abrevia los procesos de

vulcanizacin
Activa los agentes

aceleradores
Ayuda para la
vulcanizacin
Ayuda para la
vulcanizacin
Aceite mineral Aceite de colza

Aditivo
Plastificantes, mejor
resistencia al
resbalamiento
Aditivo
Plastificantes, buenos
tambin a bajas temp.
xido de cinc cido esterico Cera de protec- Protector contra

cin de la luz
envejecimiento
Aditivo
Protector calor, ozono y
oxidacin
Aditivo
Protector calor, ozono y
oxidacin
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 4/34
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Elementos componentes
Banda de rodadura:
1
Franja de rodadura
Vendaje arrollado
Capa cinturada con cuerdas de acero
Carcasa:
4
Capa de cuerdas textiles
Capa interior
Banda lateral
Perfil del ncleo
Ncleo de acero
Refuerzo del taln
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 6/34
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Perfiles conceptuales en neumticos de verano
Asimtrico
Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de verano
superficie de rodadura convencional, con muchos
gajos
Asimtrico
exterior
Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de verano

bandas exteriores compactas para una alta
estabilidad en curvas
hombro interior abierto, para un drenaje rpido del
agua
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 7/34
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Perfiles conceptuales en neumticos de invierno
Asimtrico
exterior
Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de invierno

hombro exterior con numerosos bordes transversales
para un buen agarre en nieve y hielo
hombro interior abierto, para un drenaje rpido del
agua
Simtrico
monodireccional
Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de invierno

"Efecto proa de buque" para una buena repulsin de la
agua
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 8/34
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Efecto del perfil
Gajos
Entremezclado de la
franja de rodadura
Dentado
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 9/34
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10

Sonoridad de rodadura entre neumtico y pavimento
(Directriz de la UE 2001/43/CE)
En las paredes laterales de un neumtico

figuran respectivamente 2 diferentes
rotulaciones E(e).
La rotulacin "e", que se diferencia con
una "s" al final del nmero de
homologacin con respecto a las
rotulaciones E(e) precedentes, expresa
que el neumtico cumple con los
requisitos impuestos por la directriz UE
2001/43/CE.
La "s" significa "Sound" o sonido.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 10/34
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11
Anchura del neumtico en milmetros
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 11/34
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12
Relacin altura/anchura del neumtico en tanto por ciento
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 12/34
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Arquitectura del neumtico
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 13/34
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14
Dimetro interior del neumtico/dimetro de la llanta en
pulgadas
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 14/34
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15
ndice de portabilidad
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 15/34
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16
ndice de velocidad
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 16/34
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17
Rotacin o sentido de giro especificado
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 17/34
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18
Rotulacin de neumticos sin cmara
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 18/34
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19
Presin mxima/carga mxima
Slo es vlido para Norteamrica

(EE.UU. + Canad)
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 19/34
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20
Department of Transportation
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 20/34
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21
Nmero DOT
19901999:
A partir de enero de 2000:
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 21/34
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22
Rotulacin E
Ejemplo: "gran" nmero E segn ECE (Ginebra)

para neumticos con identificacin de la
operatividad
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 22/34
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23
Rotulacin E
Ejemplo: nmero E "pequeo" segn EEC

(Bruselas) para neumticos sin identificacin
de la operatividad
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 23/34
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24
Rotulaciones en neumticos de invierno
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 24/34
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25
Treadwear esperanza de vida relativa
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 25/34
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26
Valoracin del comportamiento de frenado en mojado
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 26/34
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27
Valoracin de la resistencia a efectos de temperatura
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 27/34
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28
Nmero del molde calefactor
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 28/34
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29
Tread Wear Indicator
"TWI de invierno"
TWI
legal
Realces tipo reborde en el fondo del perfil:
alrededor de 1.6 mm para neumticos de verano
alrededor de 4.0 mm para neumticos de invierno
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 29/34
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30
Rotulacin lateral
1
2
3
4
5
6
Fabricante (nombre de la marca o

logotipo)
Nombre del producto
Designacin del tamao
205 = Anchura del neumtico en mm
55 = Relacin de altura a anchura en por
ciento
R = Arquitectura radial
16 = Dimetro de la llanta en pulgadas
91 = ndice de portabilidad
W = Smbolo de velocidad
Tubeless = sin cmara
E = Los neumticos producidos a partir
de la semana 40 de 1998 (4087),
deben presentar esta rotulacin E.
4
= Cdigo del pas en el que se llev a
cabo el test (aqu: Holanda)
5
2
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 30/34
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Rotulacin lateral
7
Nmero de homologacin
segn ECE R 30
8 Cdigo del fabricante:
Fbrica del neumtico, tamao y
versin
Fecha de fabricacin
0201 significa: semana 02 de 2001
9 Department of Transportation
(Ministerio estadounidense trfico y
transportes; entidad encargada de las
normas
de seguridad para neumticos)
10 T.W.I: Tread Wear Indicator
(Indicador del desgaste en neumticos);
reaces transversales en varios sitios de
las acanaladuras longitudinales del perfil,
que a los 1,6 mm profundidad residual
del perfil quedan enrasados.
10
5
2
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 31/34
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Llanta
Estructura
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 32/34
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Llanta
Rotulacin de la llanta
Dato del fabricante
Nmero de recambio
Tamao de la llanta
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 33/34
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34
Vlvula de goma
Estructura
1 - Cuerpo de la vlvula
2 - Elemento interior de la vlvula
3 - Capuchn de la vlvula
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 34/34
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TT-055-0905
Montaje de neumticos
Service Training
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Contenido
Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de emergencia y
neumticos UHP
Equilibrado de una rueda completa
Averas/daos en neumticos
Cambio/montaje de neumticos
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 2/40
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Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

emergencia y neumticos UHP
Caractersticas de diferenciacin
Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de emergencia

Van identificados en el flanco con una rotulacin propia del fabricante,
p. ej. SSR, DSST, RFT.
Neumticos "ultra high performance" (UHP):
Relacin de altura/anchura 45%
Smbolo de velocidad V (240 km/h)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 3/40
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Premisas iniciales para un montaje bien logrado
Empleo de una mquina montaneumticos certificada por wdk, que sea
adecuada para neumticos de baja seccin o bien neumticos Runflat.
Utilizacin de palancas de montaje especiales con proteccin de plstico y
pisa para el taln (si es necesario).
Para pases de clima fro se recomienda un precalentador de neumticos.
Pasta/spray especial de montaje, adecuados para neumticos Runflat.
Medidas de seguridad y preventivas de conformidad con las disposiciones
del pas.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 4/40
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Preparacin del desmontaje
Mantener una temperatura mnima
del neumtico de +15 C.
Limpiar la unidad de
llanta/neumtico.
Identificacin de llanta/neumtico
(estndar o especial).
Desenroscar el elemento interior de
la vlvula con una herramienta
adecuada
Sacar el aire del neumtico
Retirar en caso dado los
contrapesos equilibradores con una
herramienta adecuada.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 5/40
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Montaje del taln inferior
1.)
2.)
Cabezal
de
Cabezal
de montaje
montaje
Sentido
de
giro
Vlvula /
sensor
Parte interior del neumtico
Punto de traccin /
punto de arrastre
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 6/40
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Montaje del taln inferior
3.)
4.)
Sensor
Punto de traccin/
punto de arrastre
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 7/40
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Montaje del taln superior
5.)
Cabezal de
montaje
6.)
Pisa del
taln
Sentido de
giro
Vlvula/
sensor
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 8/40
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Montaje del taln superior
7.)
8.)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 9/40
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10

Desmontaje del taln superior
1.)
2.)
Vlvula/
sensor
Cabezal de
montaje
Sentido de
giro
Desmontable con protector
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 10/40
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11

Desmontaje del taln superior
3.)
4.)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 11/40
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12

Desmontaje del taln inferior
5.)
6.)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 12/40
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13

Mtodos de equilibrado
Equilibrado esttico
Equilibrado dinmico
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 13/40
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14

VAS 6533
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 14/40
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16

Sujecin de la rueda y seleccin del men
1.)
2.)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 16/40
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17

Averiguar los datos de la llanta
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 17/40
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18

Determinar los contrapesos
1.)
2.)
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 18/40
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19

Posicionamiento de los contrapesos
1.)
2.)
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 19/40
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20

Verificacin
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 20/40
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21
Reglas para comprobar las caractersticas de neumticos
Limpiar los neumticos por los flancos, los talones y el alma interior
con un trapo limpio.
Iluminar el puesto de trabajo adecuadamente a fondo con luz clara.
Para localizar daos (grietas/cortes) y la intensidad de su
manifestacin se tiene que abrir la goma del neumtico en el sitio
daado, ya sea con la ua de un dedo o con una esptula de plstico.
Marcar con tiza clara o creta los sitios daados, para poder
localizarlos mejor nuevamente con motivo de un eventual examen
posterior.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 21/40
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38
Dao: deformacin del taln; pliegue en la pared lateral y en
el borde de la cintura
Causa: la pala desprendedora traspasa

Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 38/40
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39
Dao: deformacin y aplastadura del borde cinturado al efectuar
el montaje
Causa: pisa inadecuada

Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 39/40
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40
Cambio/montaje de la rueda
Instrucciones sobre seguridad
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 40/40
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TT-055-0905
Cuidados y mantenimiento
de neumticos
Service Training
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Contenido
Revisiones sistemticas
Profundidad del perfil
Almacenamiento
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 2/5
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Revisiones sistemticas
Aspectos generales
Verificacin de la presin de aire
(cada 2 semanas)
Revisin de la banda de rodadura y
los flancos
Revisin de la llanta
Revisin en busca de objetos
extraos
Si es necesario, hay que pasar lenta
y cuidadosamente sobre los cantos
de bordillos
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 3/5
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Profundidad del perfil

Por supuesto, tambin es recomendable
dedicarle atenciones al perfil del neumtico,
porque numerosas propiedades de ste
dependen de ello. Un aspecto decisivo
es la profundidad del perfil, que, segn la
legislacin, debe ser de 1,6 mm como mnimo.
Quien circula con menos perfil arriesga a
perder la proteccin del seguro, porque ello
extingue la homologacin del vehculo. Los
indicadores del desgaste resultan ser tiles:
son pequeos "realces" en las acanaladuras
perifricas, que se ponen visibles/enrasadas
cuando el perfil ya se ha desgastado por el uso.
TWI
"Tread wear indicator"
(Indicador del desgaste)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 4/5
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Almacenamiento
Con llanta
No aparar
Colgar
Apilar
No colgar
Aparar
y girar cada
cuatro semanas
Sin llanta
No apilar
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 5/5
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TT-055-0905
Sistemas de control de presin en

neumticos
Service Training
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Contenido
Sistemas de control de presin en neumticos
Indicador de control de neumticos RKA
Indicador de control de neumticos (RDK) sin deteccin de posicin
Indicador de control de neumticos (RDK) con deteccin de posicin
Control de presin de neumticos (II generacin)
Umbrales de aviso
Avisos
Interconexin conceptual
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 2/45
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Cuadro general
Datos del ABS
Presin de neumticos
Indicador de control de
neumticos
(RKA)
neumticos (RDK) con
deteccin de posicin
neumticos (RDK) sin
deteccin de posicin
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 4/45
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Comparacin de los sistemas
RKA
RDK con deteccin

de posicin
RDK sin deteccin

de posicin
Software
Mdulo en la unidad
de control para ABS
J104
Unidad de control J502

propia
Mdulo en la unidad de
control para sistema de
confort J393
Mdulos
electrnicos
de las ruedas
No implementado
Uno por rueda
Uno por rueda
Antenas
No implementado
Uno por pasarrueda
Las seales se reciben

en la antena del mando
a distancia por
radiofrecuencia.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 5/45
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Comparacin de los sistemas
RKA
RDK con deteccin

de posicin
RDK sin deteccin

de posicin
Presiones de
inflado
tericas
El conductor tiene que

inflar e introducir el
valor en el sistema
pulsando la tecla.
El conductor tiene que

inflar e introducir el
valor en el sistema
pulsando la tecla.
Viene preestablecido de
fbrica.
Manejo
Por medio de una

tecla
Setup de confort
(Touareg); sistema
Infotainment (Phaeton)
Por medio de una tecla
Proceso de
autoadaptacin
El sistema autoadapta
las presiones tericas
de los neumticos con
motivo de un proceso
de calibracin.
El proceso de
autoadaptacin debe
ser iniciado despus de
establecer las presiones
en los neumticos.
Los mdulos electrnicos nuevos para las

ruedas se someten a
autoadaptacin; las
presiones tericas de
los neumticos se
mantienen invariables.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 6/45
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Estructura
E492 Tecla para RKA
G45 Sensor de rgimen

delantero derecho

trasero derecho
J104 Unidad de
control para
ABS
J285 Unidad de
control en el cuadro
de instrumentos
J519 Unidad de control

de la red de a bordo

delantero izquierdo

trasero izquierdo
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 7/45
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Manejo
Manejo
Indicador
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 8/45
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Calibracin
2 segundos
Circulacin normal
Avances de la calibracin en
cada situacin de la marcha
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 9/45
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10

Estructura del sistema
F Conmutador de luz de
freno
G44G47 Sensores de
rgimen
E492 Tecla para
indicador de control de
neumticos
F9 Conmutador para
testigo de freno de mano
(Golf)
J285
J104
ABS
K220 Testigo luminoso

para indicador de
control de neumticos
H3 Zumbador y gong
L76 Lmpara de
iluminacin de la tecla
J533 Interfaz de diagnosis
E538 Tecla para EPB

(Passat)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 10/45
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11
Indicador de control de neumticos (RDK) sin

deteccin de posicin
Estructura
Antena para cierre Sensor de presin
centralizado y alarma del neumtico (elec- E226 Tecla
antirrobo trnica de la rueda) para RDK
Sensor de presin del

neumtico
(electrnica de la rueda)
J502 Unidad de
control para RDK,
integrada en la
unidad de control
central para sistema
de confort J393
J285 Unidad de control

en el cuadro de
instrumentos

neumtico

neumtico
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 11/45
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12

deteccin de posicin
Tecla para control de neumticos
Mdulos electrnicos
de las ruedas
Interfaz de diagnosis para bus de datos
Unidad de control central para sistema

de confort
Testigo luminoso para RDK
Indicacin en
pantalla
R47 - Antena para cierre

centralizado y alarma
antirrobo
Unidad de control en el
cuadro de instrumentos
Gong/seal
acstica de
aviso
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 12/45
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13

deteccin de posicin
Mdulos electrnicos de las ruedas
Nmero de identificacin
Terminal de la antena en el mdulo electrnico
Gama de frecuencias
Vlvula a manera de antena

de transmisin
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 13/45
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15

deteccin de posicin
Modos de los mdulos electrnicos de las ruedas
1.)
En parado:
No enva datagramas si
no interviene una
variacin rpida de la
presin
2.)
3.)
A partir de aprox. 25 km/h: Circulacin normal:

30 datagramas en un
1 datagrama por minuto
espacio de 15 segundos
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 15/45
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16

deteccin de posicin
Cambio de ruedas
Al cabo de unos 7 minutos de marcha
a ms de 25 km/h se autoadaptan los
mdulos electrnicos de las ruedas.
20 minutos o bien 5
minutos despus del
aviso de presin de
neumticos
Los mdulos electrnicos de las

ruedas estn autoadaptados.
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 16/45
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19
Indicador de control de neumticos (RDK) con

deteccin de posicin
Posiciones de los componentes
Vlvula con
mdulo electrnico
de la rueda
Antena de recepcin
Unidad de control RDK
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 19/45
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20

deteccin de posicin
Mdulo electrnico de la rueda
Batera
Sensor de presin
Sensor de
temperatura
4 Nm
Electrnica de
medicin
Electrnica de
control
Vlvula con mdulo

electrnico de la rueda
Antena de
transmisin
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 20/45
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21

deteccin de posicin
Sensores de presin en neumticos G222G225
Potencia de transmisin
- Phaeton = 1030
- Touareg = aprox.100 W
Vlvulas de los neumticos
- Solamente elementos interiores de
vlvula galvanizados (color plata)
- Sin capuchones de vlvula de
confort
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 21/45
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22

deteccin de posicin
Asignacin
Mensajes
Mensajes
Cdigo ID
Presin de inflado actual (presin
absoluta)
Temperatura actual del aire del
neumtico
Estado de la batera
Informacin de estado operativo
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 22/45
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23

deteccin de posicin
Antenas
Antenas para RDK R59R62
implantadas en los pasos de rueda
Las seales de radiofrecuencia se

filtran y seleccionan en la unidad de
control.
La
Larueda
ruedade
derepuesto
repuestono
noposee
posee
ninguna
antena
por
separado
ninguna antena por separado
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 23/45
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24

deteccin de posicin
CAN Confort
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 24/45
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25

deteccin de posicin
Avisos duros
Presin (bares)
Presin terica memorizada

Prdida de presin > 0,2
bares tras la ltima emisin
Presin < presin mnima
Prdida de presin > 0,4 bares

por debajo de la presin
terica memorizada
Tiempo (s)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 25/45
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26

deteccin de posicin
Avisos suaves
Presin (bares)
Presin terica memorizada
Presin mnima desde

0,2 hasta 0,4 bares con
respecto a la presin terica
memorizada
A partir de aqu aviso duro
Tiempo (s)
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 26/45
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27

deteccin de posicin
Avisos
Presiones
Presioneslos
losneumticos
neumticoscrticas
crticaspara
para
el
comportamiento
dinmico
el comportamiento dinmico
Diferencia de la presin terica en un eje > 0,4 bares
Diferencia de la presin terica entre los ejes > 0,5 bares
Diferencia de la presin terica, rueda de repuesto > 0,4 bares
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 27/45
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29

deteccin de posicin
Indicaciones en infotenimiento
RDK
Vigilanci
a de la
rueda de
repuesto
Informacin
sobre
inflado
Adoptar
presiones
momentneas
Tecla de funcin
VEHICLE
Ejemplo: aviso duro trasera derecha

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05.2009 VSQ/TT 29/45
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30

deteccin de posicin
Touareg
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 30/45
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31

deteccin de posicin
Men de confort Touareg
Setup
Idioma
Unidades
Luz
RDK
Confort
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 31/45
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32

Cuadro general
Sistema de medicin directa

Deteccin de posicin
Autoinicializacin
Indicacin de presiones efectivas
Presiones tericas programadas
Separacin de visualizacin y manejo
Batera de por vida en la electrnica
de la rueda
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 32/45
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33

Cuadro general
Unidad de transmisin para control de presin
de neumticos
G431G434
Sensor de presin en
neumticos G222G225
Antena de sensor, 433 MHz
LIN 96 kBaudios
125 kHz
Sensor
transmisor
Unidad de control para control de presin en
neumticos J502
Antena para vigilancia de la presin en

neumticos R207
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 33/45
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34

Funcionamiento
d e d or
cia icia ra
n
in
te
s
nte
Se paro elan trav
d
s
di eda a a
d
Ru uier LIN
izq bus
de
Puerta del
conductor abierta
J502
Pr
da ot o
Ru tag colo
izq ed ram de
l
u ad a
a
tra ierd ela
v a nt
er
s
a
de
bu
s
LI
N
G431
Di
12 spar
5
a
izq kH r in
uie z ru icio
rd
a eda / ree
de
lan xcita
ter r
a
G222
ma
gra
a
t
a
rda
el d
u ie
d
q
iz
olo
s
oc z
era
t
t
o
co
n
Pr 3 MH dela
ti r
m
43 eda sor neu erio
t
Ru Sen n de a in
r
- ID resi ratu s
e
- P emp tico n
T
- eum aci
R207
n ler
ce
-A
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 34/45
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35
Umbrales de aviso
Avisos duros y suaves
Presin debida a la temperatura
Presin (bares)
3,0
2,5
Presin terica
Aviso de choque de
temperatura
2,0
Aviso duro
V > 160 km/h
Punto de ajuste, neumtico

fro: 2,5 bares, T media
Aviso duro
V < 160 km/h
Aviso
suave
1,5
1,0
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
T Media 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Diferencia de temperatura neumtico/Tmedia [C]
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 35/45
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37
Umbrales de aviso
Aviso de gradientes de presin
3,0
Presin terica
Presin (bares)
2,5
2,0
1,5
Aviso de gradientes de presin 0,2 bares por minuto

1,0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Tiempo [segundos]
Service Training
05.2009 VSQ/TT 37/45
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38
Avisos
Avisos en la pantalla del cuadro de instrumentos
INFORMACIN
INFORMACIN
INFORMACIN
Comprobar
presin de
neumticos
Presin de
neumticos
muy baja
Neumtico
averiado
km
trip
120522 1253.2
PRNDS
2
km
trip
120522 1253.2
PRNDS
2
"Aviso suave"
"Aviso duro"
Desde 0,3 bares
Desde 0,5 bares
Tras borne 15 por 5 s
Tambin durante la
marcha
km
trip
120522 1253.2
PRNDS
2
"Aviso de gradientes de
presin"
Desde 0,2 bares/min
Solamente durante la
marcha
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 38/45
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40
Interconexin conceptual
Interconexin en el Touareg
R96
LIN
J502
E415
J255
G431
G222
G223
G224
G432
G225
G434
G433
J285/
J533
J104
G17
G44
G45
G46
G47
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 40/45
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44
Indicadores en el Touareg
Presiones efectivas
A partir del arranque

A partir del repostaje
Largo plazo
Presin de neumticos
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45
Indicadores en el Touareg
Ajuste
Presin neum.
Presin neum.
Sistema ON
Presiones
Carga parcial
tericas
Modif. pres. tericas
Retroceso
Presin neum.
Presin neum.
Sistema ON
Pres. tericas Carga parcial
Plena carga
Modif. pres.
tericas
Retroceso
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05.2009 VSQ/TT 45/45
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Service Training
Hoja de trabajo 1 Exigencias planteadas a un neumtico

Ruedas y neumticos
1. El conjunto de exigencias planteadas a un neumtico es muy extenso.

Indique las exigencias que debe/debera cumplir un neumtico.
2. Son muchos los factores que influyen positiva y negativamente en un neumtico y en el

conjunto de exigencias planteadas, que usted ha explicado ms arriba. Qu factores
pueden ser stos?
Indique los factores y exponga los motivos.
VSQ/TT TT-055-0905 Edicin: 05.2009

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Hoja de trabajo 2 Estructura del neumtico

Ruedas y neumticos
3. Los neumticos cinturados constan de dos ncleos, que van unidos radialmente a travs
de la carcasa de ah el nombre de neumticos radiales. En contraste con ello, el
neumtico diagonal posee capas de carcasa cruzadas, y stas son ms de dos. El remate
exterior del neumtico viene constituido por la banda de rodadura y la pared lateral; el
remate interior lo establece el alma, que asegura la estanqueidad al aire en los neumticos
sin cmara. Un neumtico para un vehculo de turismo est compuesto por un mximo de
20 piezas.
Denomine los componentes ms importantes en la estructura del neumtico que se
muestra en la figura.
S
c
c
e
r
v
i
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Hoja de trabajo 3 Rotulacin de los neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
4. Un cliente acude a usted y quiere saber el significado de las rotulaciones que aparecen en
su neumtico.
Explique con ayuda de la estacin ELSA el grfico siguiente.
T
Sn
v
1
2
3
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Hoja de trabajo 4 Rotulacin de los neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
10
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Hoja de trabajo 5 Llanta

Ruedas y neumticos
5. El cliente quiere saber asimismo, qu rotulaciones y dimensiones hay en una llanta.

Anote las designaciones correctas en las figuras.
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Hoja de trabajo 6 Llanta

Ruedas y neumticos
6. La rotulacin completa de la llanta puede ser la siguiente:
8Jx15 Lk 5x108x65 ET 38
Indique los significados de cada parte de esta rotulacin y explquelos.
7. Qu funcin desempea el hump de la llanta?
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Hoja de trabajo 7 Tipos de neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
8. Existen numerosas estructuras diferentes de los neumticos. Qu tipos conoce usted?
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Hoja de trabajo 8 Montaje de neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
9. Ud. recibe una nueva orden:

Tiene que sustituir los neumticos en un Volkswagen Passat CC, modelo 2009.
El Passat est equipado con llantas de aleacin en tamao 8Jx19H2 ET 41 y los
neumticos correspondientes, rotulados con 235/35ZR19 91Y. Las llantas tienen el nmero
de recambio 1K8 601 025 C.
Monte, a ttulo de ejemplo, un neumtico en la llanta correspondiente, siguiendo las
especificaciones del fabricante y las indicaciones del instructor.
Qu tiene que tener en cuenta para ello o bien qu particularidad le ha llamado la
atencin al montar?
Notas:
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Hoja de trabajo 9 Montaje de neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
10. Marque el punto de traccin en el neumtico con un rotulador de cera y desmonte el

neumtico que acaba de montar.
Notas:
11. Examine el neumtico y la llanta en busca de posibles daos.

Qu daos ha podido constatar y en qu fase del montaje pueden haberse originado?
Notas:
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Hoja de trabajo 10 Daos en neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
12. A continuacin puede ver unas imgenes de neumticos daados.

Describa cmo se produjeron esos daos.
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Hoja de trabajo 11 Daos en neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
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Hoja de trabajo 12 Neumticos inquietos

Ruedas y neumticos
13. Qu se entiende por la operacin de "equilibrar una rueda" y por qu es tan importante?
Explique el concepto y describa el procedimiento.
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Ruedas y neumticos
14. Qu se entiende por el concepto tcnico del "hermanamiento"?

Explique el concepto y describa la ejecucin.
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Ruedas y neumticos
15. La causa principal de las oscilaciones torsionales y vibraciones del volante de la direccin
viene dada por desequilibrios del conjunto o ensamblado de neumticos y llanta o del grupo
motopropulsor, incluyendo el sistema de frenos. Estas oscilaciones suelen producirse en la
gama de velocidades comprendida entre los 70 y 130 km/h.
Asigne con ayuda del sistema ELSA los siguientes sucesos a la correspondiente gama de
velocidades:
Heterogeneidad del neumtico crecientemente audible; heterogeneidad del neumtico
crecientemente perceptible, golpeteo, retemblor resonante, sonoridad resonante, taconeo,
oscilaciones torsionales del volante y vibraciones del volante
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120 130
140
150
160
170
Velocidad de marcha del vehculo v en km/h
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Hoja de trabajo 15 Definiciones

Ruedas y neumticos
16. Explique los conceptos siguientes:
Aquaplaning:
Neumticos SSR:
Load-Index:
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Hoja de trabajo 16 Mantenimiento y cuidados

Ruedas y neumticos
17. Qu se debe tener en cuenta para los cuidados y el mantenimiento o bien el

almacenamiento de neumticos?
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Hoja de trabajo 17 Sistemas de control de presin en neumticos

Ruedas y neumticos
18. En Volkswagen hay diferentes tipos de sistemas de control de la presin en los

neumticos. Qu tipos conoce y en qu vehculos van instalados?
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Ruedas y neumticos
19. Esquematice o bien explique brevemente la estructura, el manejo y el funcionamiento del

indicador de control de neumticos con medicin indirecta RKA.
Qu posibilidades ofrece al respecto la autodiagnosis y la Localizacin guiada de averas
con el VAS 5051B?
Anote sus resultados.
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Ruedas y neumticos
20. Qu causas de avera o fallo pueden hacer que el indicador de control en neumticos
RKA encienda el testigo de avera y suene la campanada del gong?
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Ruedas y neumticos

indicador de control de presin en neumticos con medicin directa RKA sin deteccin de
posicin.
con el VAS 5051B?
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Ruedas y neumticos

indicador de control de presin en neumticos con medicin directa RKA con deteccin de
posicin.
con el VAS 5051B?
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Ruedas y neumticos
23. Compruebe la presin efectiva actual de los neumticos con un sistema de control de
presin de neumticos de medicin directa.
Anote su camino para hallar la solucin.
24. Verifique en el men de un sistema de control de presin en neumticos, de medicin

directa, si se vigila la presin terica correcta.
Compare para ello el neumtico instalado y el rotulillo de neumticos.
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Ruedas y neumticos
25. Ponga en vigor un "aviso duro" en cualquier rueda de un sistema de control de presin en
neumticos con medicin directa. Contemple el correspondiente bloque de valores de
medicin y el indicador de presin efectiva en el men.
Qu aviso obtiene?
Hay una avera inscrita en la memoria?
26. Infle nuevamente el neumtico. Contemple nuevamente durante esa operacin el bloque
de valores de medicin y el indicador de presin efectiva.
A qu presin por debajo de la terica se apaga el aviso?
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Ruedas y neumticos
27. Cundo tiene que estar instalado un sistema de control de presin de neumticos en un
vehculo?
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TT-055-0905
El presente manual ha sido diseado/modificado (segn sea el caso). Por Volkswagen Group Academy Mxico. *Solo para uso interno
Volkswagen de Mxico. Derechos reservados. Sujeto a modificaciones. Fecha de actualizacin: 09/05

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Funciones del neumtico

Estructura del neumtico

Abrevia los procesos de

Activa los agentes

Aceite mineral Aceite de colza

xido de cinc cido esterico Cera de protec- Protector contra

Estructura del neumtico

Capa cinturada con cuerdas de acero

Capa de cuerdas textiles

Perfil del ncleo

Refuerzo del taln

Propiedades del neumtico

Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de verano

Propiedades del neumtico

Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de invierno

Ejemplo del perfil: neumtico de invierno

Propiedades del neumtico

Propiedades del neumtico

En las paredes laterales de un neumtico

Slo es vlido para Norteamrica

A partir de enero de 2000:

Ejemplo: "gran" nmero E segn ECE (Ginebra)

Ejemplo: nmero E "pequeo" segn EEC

Fabricante (nombre de la marca o

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de emergencia

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Desmontable con protector

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Neumticos con capacidad de rodadura de

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Equilibrado de una rueda completa

Causa: la pala desprendedora traspasa

Causa: pisa inadecuada

Profundidad del perfil

Sistemas de control de presin en

Sistemas de control de presin en neumticos

Sistemas de control de presin en neumticos

RDK con deteccin

RDK sin deteccin

Unidad de control J502

Uno por rueda

Uno por rueda

Uno por pasarrueda

Las seales se reciben

Sistemas de control de presin en neumticos

RDK con deteccin

RDK sin deteccin

El conductor tiene que

El conductor tiene que

Por medio de una