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Clculo de Reatores I
Captulo 8
Projeto de Reatores no isotrmicos
em regime estacionrio
Clculo de Reatores I
Em reatores qumicos...
Clculo de Reatores I
Clculo de Reatores I
Balano de Energia
Clculo de Reatores I
Balano de Energia
Considere o sistema qumico
W s
F
i 1
in
Ein
Control Volume
j 1
out
Eout
Taxa de
variao de
trabalho
realizado
sobre o
sistema
Taxa de
transferncia
de energia
adicionada ao
sistema
atravs da
massa
transferida
para o sistema
n
F
i 1
in
Ein
Taxa de
transferncia
de energia
perdida pelo
sistema
atravs da
massa que sai
do sistema
m
F
j 1
out
Eout
Taxa de
acmulo de
energia no
sistema
dE
(8-1)
dt
Clculo de Reatores I
Compreendendo os termos da
Equao do Balano de
energia
Clculo de Reatores I
Q W
F
i 1
in
Ein
F
j 1
out
Eout
dE
dt
0
(8-2)
Clculo de Reatores I
F1 , E1
F1 , E1
F2 , E2
F2 , E2
...
Fn , En
...
Fn , En
F PV
i 1
(8-3)
i in
F PV
i 1
out
(8-4)
Clculo de Reatores I
u 2i
Ei U i
g z ...
2
Ei U i
(8-5)
Clculo de Reatores I
Q W s
F PV
i 1
i in
F PV
i 1
i out
FU
i 1
i in
FU
i 1
i out
0 (8-6)
(8-7)
Q W s
F H
i 1
i in
FH
i 1
i out
(8-8)
Clculo de Reatores I
Aqui est o que vamos fazer com os termos de entalpia
Expressar Hi em termos de entalpia de formao (Hio ) e
11
Clculo de Reatores I
FA , H A
FA0 , H A0
FB 0 , H B 0
...
FI 0 , H I 0
T0
b
c
d
A B C D
a
a
a
FB , H B
...
FI , H I
Se A o reagente limitante
Entrada
H
i 1
i0
Fi 0
Saida
H i Fi
i 1
H A0 FA0
H A FA
H B 0 FB 0
H B FB
H C 0 FC 0
H C FC
H D 0 FD 0
H D FD
H I 0 FI 0
H I FI
(8-9)
FA FA0 (1 X )
b
X)
a
c
FC FA0 ( C X )
a
d
Fd FA0 ( D
X)
a
FI FA0 ( I ) FI 0
FB FA0 ( B
(8-11)
(8-10)
12
Fi em termos de FA0 e X
a partir da estequiometria
Clculo de Reatores I
F
i 1
i0
H i 0 (T0 )
F H (T ) F
i 1
A0
{[ H A0 (T0 ) H A (T )] B [ H B 0 (T0 ) H B (T )]
d
c
b
H D (T ) H C (T ) H B (T ) H A (T )]FA0 X
a
a
a
HRx
Agrupando os termos:
F
H
(
T
)
F
H
(
T
)
[
H
(
T
)
H
(
T
)]
i0
i0
0
i
i
A 0 i
i0
0
i
FA0 X [ H Rx ] (8-12)
i 1
i 1
i 1
13
Clculo de Reatores I
H i (T ) H (TR )
o
i
pi
dT
No h mudana de fase
(8-13)
TR
H i 0 (T0 ) H i (T )
Logo,
T0
Cpi dT
(8-14)
E,
T0
i 1
i0
(T0 ) H i (T ) i Cpi dT
T
(8-15)
Clculo de Reatores I
d
c
b
H D T H C T H B T H A T
a
a
a
(8-16)
d o
c
b
H D TR H Co TR H Bo TR H Ao TR
a
a
a
(8-17)
H Rx T H Do TR H Co TR H Bo TR H Ao TR
a
a
a
c
b
d
Cp D T CpC T Cp B T Cp A T dT
a
a
a
TR
T
15
(8-18)
Clculo de Reatores I
A variao total no calor especfico por mol reagido de A
Cp
d
c
b
CpD CpC CpB Cp A
a
a
a
(8-19)
H Rx (T ) H
o
Rx
(TR )
TR
Cp dT
Cpi a b T c T 2 d T 3
16
(8-20)
Clculo de Reatores I
o
Q W s FA0 i Cpi dT FA0 X H Rx TR C p dT 0
i 1 T0
TR
17
Clculo de Reatores I
~
o
Q W s FA0 i Cpi (T Ti 0 ) FA0 X H Rx
(TR ) C p (T TR ) 0
i 1
Cp dT
Cp dT
T
C p R
~
T
Cp i 0
T Ti 0
T TR
18
Clculo de Reatores I
19
Clculo de Reatores I
UA
c Cpc (Ta1 T )1 exp
Qm
cCpc )
(m
Q UA(Ta T )
20
Clculo de Reatores I
d
Q
T
Total de calor transferido para o reator
a
Q U (Ta T ) dA
U a (Ta T ) dV
21
Clculo de Reatores I
Reatores no isotrmicos
Aplicaes
22
Aplicao 1
Clculo de Reatores I
X EB
n ~
C
p
(
T
T
)
0
i i
i 1
XEB
Q 0
W 0
Adicionamos o subndice EB(energy Balance) a converso para difereciala da converso obtida pelo balano de massa.
23
Aplicao 2
Clculo de Reatores I
n
UA(Ta T )
~
24
Problema #1
Clculo de Reatores I
Informaes adicionais:
U= 80 J/m2 s K
A=2 m2
HRxn(298) = -10,000 J/mol
CpA = CpB= 100 J/mol K
Aplicao 3
Clculo de Reatores I
Q W s
F
i 1
i0
Hi0
FH
i 1
0
dQ
dV
FA0
T0
FAe
Te
V V+V
Diferenciando o balano de energia com relao a V, obtemos
n
n
dFi
dH i
dQ dW s
0
H i Fi
0
dV dV
dV
i 1 dV
i 1
26
Clculo de Reatores I
0
H i Fi
0
dV dV
dV
i 1 dV
i 1
dQ
Ua(Ta T )
dV
dQ
dV
Ta
T
V+V
Clculo de Reatores I
Non-isothermal Flow Reactor
0
H i Fi
0
dV dV
dV
i 1 dV
i 1
dFi
(ri )
dV
i (rA )
Recall, that for a reaction: aA + bB cC + dD, the reaction rates are related
by the stoichiometric coefficients
a b c d
28
Clculo de Reatores I
Non-isothermal Flow Reactor
0
H i Fi
0
dV dV
dV
i 1 dV
i 1
H i (T ) H io (Tref )
dH i
dT
Cpi
dV
dV
The fifth term on LHS can be written as
dH i n
dT
F
F
Cp
i
i i dV
dV
i 1
i 1
29
C pidT
T Tref
T
Clculo de Reatores I
dT
Ua(Ta T ) 0 0 i (rA ) H i Fi Cpi
0
dV
i 1
i 1
Rearranging the above equation in terms of dT/dV, we get
dT
dV
U a (Ta T ) i (rA ) H i (T )
i 1
F Cp (T )
i 1
30
Clculo de Reatores I
dT
dV
U a (Ta T ) i (rA ) H i (T )
i 1
F Cp (T )
i 1
dFi
i (rA )
dV
or
g( X ,T )
dX
FA0
(rA )
dV
f ( X ,T )
Clculo de Reatores I
dT
dV
U a (Ta T ) i (rA ) H i (T )
i 1
F Cp (T )
i 1
n
dV
Fi Cpi (T )
i 1
n
dV
FA0 [ i Cpi (T ) X Cp]
i 1
32
Class Problem #7
Clculo de Reatores I
It is proposed to design pilot plant for the production of Allyl Chloride. The
feed stream comprises 4 moles propylene/mole chlorine. The reactor will
be vertical tube of 2 inch ID. The combined feed molar flow rate is 0.6 gmol/h. The inlet pressure is 2 atmospheres. The feed stream temperature
is 275 C. Calculate Allyl Chloride production as a function of tube length
for the following 2 cases:
Case-1: PFR jacketed with heat exchange fluid circulated at 275 C Case2: Adiabatic operation of PFR
33
Clculo de Reatores I
63310
(rCl2 )1 3.310 exp[
] [ pCl2 pC3H 6 ]; in moles/m 3 hr atm 2
RT
6
15970
(rCl2 ) 2 187 exp[
] [ pCl2 pC3 H 6 ] ; in moles/m 3 hr atm 2
RT
T is in Kelvin and p is in atm
U = 28 W/m2-K
(cP ) Cl2
36 J / mol K
-HRxn1(298)=110,000 J/mol
( c P ) C3 H 6
107 J / mol K
-HRxn2(298)=181,500 J/mol
(cP ) AllylChloride
117 J / mol K
(cP ) HCl
30 J / mol K
34