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Gametogenesis
This lecture is the preface, so to speak, to embryology; that is, it introduces
the development of the specialized germ line of cells from the male and
the female that are responsible for the beginnings of a new life form. You
will follow the presumptive gametic cells through development processes
requisite to producing the special haploid spermatozoon (sperm) and ooctye
(egg) of the male and female, respectively. Learning objectives are as follows:
Understand spermatogenesis the origin and development of the
spermatozoon.
Understand oogenesis the origin and development of the oocyte.
Be able to recognize the structural and functional differences
between the male and female gametes.
Gametogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Developmental stages
Primordial germ cell
Primary spermatocyte
First meiotic division
Secondary spermatocytes
Second meiotic division
Spermatids
Spermiogenesis
Mature sperm
E m b r y o l o g y
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L e c t u r e
M a n u a l
b y
M a r k
N i e l s e n
G a m e t o g e n e s i s
Basic structure
Head
Nucleus
Acrosome
Neck
Middle piece
Mitochondria
Tail
Principal piece
End piece
Size
Function
Oogenesis
Developmental stages
Primordial germ cell
Oogonium
Primary follicle
Growing follicle
Large follicle
Antral follicle
Ovulation
Ovulated oocyte
Polar bodies
Fertilized oocyte
E m b r y o l o g y
10
L e c t u r e
M a n u a l
b y
M a r k
N i e l s e n
G a m e t o g e n e s i s
Basic structure
Nucleus
Cytoplasmic storehouse
Proteins
RNAs
Protective chemicals
Morphogenetic factors
Cortical granules
Corona radiata
Follicular cells
Size
Function
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Size differences
Ctyoplasmic comparisons
Functional role of the egg cytoplasm
Yolk
Purpose of yolk
Yolk classification
Miolecithal
Medialecithal
Megalecithal
Yolk distribution
Isolecithal
Centrolecithal
Telolecithal
Associated cells
Numbers
E m b r y o l o g y
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L e c t u r e
M a n u a l
b y
M a r k
N i e l s e n
G a m e t o g e n e s i s
Comparisons of Gametogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Spermatogonium
Primary oocyte
in primary follicle
Primary spermatocyte
Primary oocyte
in growing follicle
Primary oocyte
in large follicle
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatids
Secondary oocyte
in mature follicle
Fertilized oocyte
Mature sperm
13
E m b r y o l o g y
14
L e c t u r e
M a n u a l
b y
M a r k
N i e l s e n