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jaroslav.majernik@upjs.sk
Abstract
The human gait is uniquely characterized by its kinematics
and kinetics. These characteristics are routinely used to
analyse and evaluate both the normal and pathological gait.
A lot of clinical studies, dealing with quantitative human
gait analysis and published all around the world, use the
normative gait databases to evaluate pathological gait, but
only a few of them describe their background. However, this
is an important factor as it makes the analysis objective and
directly influences the interpretation of motion analysis
results. There is also a lack of comparative studies that
evaluate and compare such databases, acquired within
different laboratories considering the age, typology and/or
gender of included healthy/normal subjects. Therefore, the
human gait analysis was made on a group of young healthy
subjects and then, based on their kinematical parameters, a
normative gait database of anatomical joint angles was
created. Moreover, our database was compared with three
different world available databases which were also
compared each other. To compare individual kinematical
parameters of all here included databases, a methodology
based on testing of statistical hypotheses was used. Acquired
results confirmed that the laboratories should spend some
time to get their own normal human gait data to create own
normative database in order to maximize the gait analysis
objectivity rather than to use databases of another
laboratories even if equipped with identical motion analysis
system.
Keywords
Human Gait Analysis; Normative Gait Database; Anatomical
Joint Angles
Introduction
The development of experimental techniques and the
analysis of acquired results in the field of science have
stimulated the fast progress of natural sciences during
the last decades. This development caused also the
continual increase of knowledge and theories about
processes in living human organisms. The trends
influence also the studies of human motion and its
related problems. Therefore, scientific research studies
should make effort to improve and clarify motion
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Methods
To test the normative gait databases compatibility, the
statistical methods were taken based on comparison of
individual statistical characteristics. Such comparison
is charged by particular variability of values from
which they were calculated. This is why the simple
differentiation of two compared parameters cannot be
used and it is necessary to verify whether the
difference is statistically significant or not.
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t t ,
(5)
12 = 22 ,
(1)
12
and
22
F=
2
1
2
2
s
,
s
(2)
(3)
t=
x1 x2
ns +n s
n1 + n2 2
2
1 1
2
2 2
n1n2
,
n1 + n2
(4)
x1 x 2
t=
s12
s22
+
n1 1 n2 1
(6)
t
t* =
s12
s2
+ t 2
n1 1
n2 1
,
2
s1
s 22
+
n1 1 n2 1
(7)
t* > t ,
(8)
1 if
0 if
iXY =
iX = iY ,
iX iY ,
(9)
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Mafran
Belfast
Dundee
Hong Kong
FIG. 4 THE RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE TEST OF KNEE
FLEXION/EXTENSION IN MAFRAN AND BELFAST DATABASES
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Mafran
43.14%
0.00%
100.00%
Belfast
43.14%
0.00%
23.53%
Dundee
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Hong Kong
100.00%
23.53%
0.00%
-
Mafran
98.04%
35.29%
54.90%
Mafran
Belfast
Dundee
Hong Kong
Belfast
98.04%
33.33%
33.33%
Dundee
35.29%
33.33%
0.00%
Hong Kong
54.90%
33.33%
0.00%
-
Mafran
Belfast
Dundee
Hong Kong
Mafran
70.59%
82.35%
90.20%
Belfast
70.59%
54.90%
100.00%
Dundee
82.35%
54.90%
74.51%
Hong Kong
90.20%
100.00%
74.51%
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by two- and
three-
Average
SD
Mafran vs Belfast
70.59%
27.45
Mafran vs Dundee
39.24%
41.31
81.70%
23.72
Belfast sv Dundee
29.41%
27.66
52.29%
41.61
24.84%
43.02
2001, 73-77.
Assi A., Ghanem I., Laassel E.M., Penneot G.F., Lavaste F.,
Skalli
W.:
Normalcy
gait
index
and
kinematics:
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