Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Byte = _________________________________________________________________
More common: 8 bits = 1 byte
Abbreviation: ____
1 byte (B)
Kilobyte (KB) = 1,024 bytes (210)
one __________________ bytes
1,024 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
Megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes (220)
ASCII-8
Unicode
Although ASCII works fine for English, many other languages need more than 256
characters, including numbers and punctuation.
Unicode uses a 16 bit representation, with 65,536 possible symbols.
Unicode can handle all languages.
www.unicode.org
Non-text Files:
Representing Images and Sound
Pixels
A monitors screen is divided into a grid of small unit called picture elements or pixels.
Each Color intensity of red, green and blue represented as a quantity from 0 through
255.
Higher the number the more intense the color.
Black has no intensity or no color and has the value (0, 0, 0)
White is full intensity and has the value (255, 255, 255)
Between these extremes is a whole range of colors and intensities.
Grey is somewhere in between (127, 127, 127)
The higher the PPI value, the better quality print you will get--but only up to a point.
File Compression
Typical computer screen only has about 100 pixels per inch, not 300.
Images still require a lot of memory and disk space, not to mention transferring images
over the network or Internet.
Run-length encoding
JPEG Compression
JPEG is a _______________________________________________________
Our eyes are not very sensitive to small changes in hue (chrominance), but we are
sensitive to brightness (luminance).
This means we can store less accurate description of the hue of the picture (fewer bits)
and our eyes will not notice it.
This is a lossy compression scheme, because we have lost some the original
representation of the image and it cannot be reconstructed exactly.
With web applications like HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), colors are sometime
Why Hexadecimal?
Decimal
Red
Green
Blue
255
Hexadecimal
______________
______________
___________
Binary
______________
______________
___________
Decimal
Red
Green
Blue
200
48
127
Hexadecimal
______________
______________
___________
Binary
______________
______________
___________
Decimal
Red
Green
Blue
74
132
40
Hexadecimal
______________
______________
___________
Binary
______________
______________
___________
Decimal
Red
Green
Blue
255
255
255
Hexadecimal
______________
______________
___________
Binary
______________
______________
___________
Decimal
Red
Green
Blue
50
128
60
Hexadecimal
______________
______________
___________
Binary
______________
______________
___________
Digitizing Sound
Sampling ___________________________________________________.
The more samples you take, the more accurately you represent the original wave, and
the more accurately you can reproduce the original wave.
Quantifying This is the process of giving a value to each of the samples taken.
The larger the range of numbers, the more detailed or specific you can be in your
quantifying.
Coding This is the process taking the value quantified and representing it as a binary
number.
How many bits does it take to record one minute of digital audio?
1 minute = _____________________________
84,672,000 bits divided by 8 bits per byte equals 10,584,000 bytes for _____________
of audio.
MP3 Compression
Compressing digital audio means to reduce the number of bits needed to represent the
information.
There are many sounds, frequencies, that the human ear cannot hear, some too high,
some too low.
These waves can be removed without impacting the quality of the audio.
MP3 uses this sort of compression for a typical compression ratio of 10:1, so a one
A key advantage to digital representation of information, images and sounds, is that the
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