AP Psychology: Neuroscience & Behavior

Study online at quizlet.com/_eg3s

1.

Acetylcholine

Muscle action, learning, and memory

2.

Action
Potential

A neural impulse that travels down the axon

3.

Amygdala

Linked to emotion

4.

Aphasia

Impairment of language

5.

Association
Areas

Areas not involved with motor or sensory

functions that are involved with higher mental
functions

Autonomic
Nervous
System

Controls the glands and muscles of the

internal organs

7.

Axon

Passes messages away from the cell body to

other neurons, muscles, or glands

8.

Brainstem

Controls automatic survival functions

9.

Broca's Area

Controls language expression through

directing muscle movements involved in
speech

6.

29.

Motor Neurons

Carry outgoing information from the CNS

to the muscles and glands

30.

MRI

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to

produce computer-generated images

31.

Myelin Sheath

Covers the axon of some neurons and

speeds impulses

32.

Nerves

Neural cables containing many axons

33.

Neural Networks

Interconnected neural cells

34.

Neuron

A nerve cell

35.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that travel between

synaptic gaps

36.

Norepinephrine

Alertness and arousal

37.

Occipital Lobe

Includes visual areas

38.

Parasympathetic
Nervous System

Calms the body to conserve energy

39.

Parietal Lobe

Includes the sensory cortex

40.

Parts of the
Lymbic System

Hippocampus, amygdala, and

hypothalamus

41.

Peripheral
Nervous System

Sensory and motor neurons that connect

the CNS to the rest of the body

10.

Central
Nervous
System

Brain and spinal cord

11.

Cerebellum

Coordinates voluntary movement and balance

12.

Cerebral
Cortex

Ultimate control center

42.

PET

Visual display of brain activity that

monitors glucose

13.

Corpus
Callosum

Neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres

43.

Phrenology

Theory that bumps on the skull reflected

our mental abilities and personality traits

14.

CT

Series of X-ray photographs

44.

Reflex

15.

Dendrite

Receives messages from other cells

Simple inborn response to a sensory

stimulus

16.

Dopamine

Movement, learning, attention, and emotion

45.

Reticular
Formation

Controls arousal

17.

EEG

Amplified recording of electrical brain waves

46.

Sensory Cortex

18.

Endorphins

Opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain

control and pleasure

Area at parietal lobe that registers and

processes sensations

47.

Sensory Neurons

19.

Frontal Lobe

Involved in speaking, muscle movements, and

making plans and judgements

Carry incoming information from the sense

receptors to the CNS

48.

Serotonin

Mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

20.

GABA

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

49.

Glial Cells

Support, nourish, and protect neurons

Somatic Nervous
System

Controls the body's skeletal muscles

21.
22.

Glutamate

Major excitatory transmitter

50.

Arouses the body in stressful situations

23.

Hypothalamus

Directs several basic maintenance functions

and governs the endocrine system via the
pituitary

Sympathetic
Nervous System

51.

Synapse

Space between the axon tip and the

dendrite

52.

Temporal Lobe

Includes auditory areas

53.

Thalamus

Directs messages to the sensory

receiving areas in the cortex and
transmits replies to the cerebellum and
medulla

24.

Interneurons

CNS neurons that communicate between

sensory and motor neurons

25.

Lesion

Tissue destruction

26.

Limbic
System

Associated with emotions and drives for food

and sex

27.

Medulla

Controls heartbeat and breathing

54.

Threshold

Stimulation required to trigger an impulse

28.

Motor Cortex

Area at frontal lobe that controls voluntary

movements

55.

Wernicke's Area

Involved in language comprehension and

expression