International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Mobile Communication Base Station Safety and Management

Umeshwari Khot1, Kanchan Pujari2
Department of ECE, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
2
Department of ECE, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
1

ABSTRACT
In wireless communication network such as Mobile
Communication Base Station smooth network function
is necessary. To avoid blockage of network BTS
comprises of many kinds of devices. Thus our aim is to
develop a system which detects the errors occurring in
these devices and generates alert immediately. These
faults are fed into a remote user device with the help of
GSM modem creating a message instantly.
The major problems faced include the theft of wires,
the fluctuation of temperatures, unauthenticated entry,
fuel amount being unnoticed and the vendor and the
technicians time management in case of any of the
stated problems. The method makes use of GSM modem
which gives the instant message about the each activity
happening in the site. The temperature sensors will sense
the temperature of the room and if it rises above the
threshold value the GSM module will send the message
to the master mobile which is already set in the system.
The cell site (BTS) which are operated by Diesel
generator can be controlled manually or can be put in
automatic mode. In addition the site is under the CCTV
camera which turns ON automatically whenever the site
door is opened. The site door can be accessed only
through the RFID authentication system.

can switch on the Diesel generator by sending the SMS

command like (DG ON) or we can switch of the
generator with the command (DG OFF). Each tower is
supported by a power plant with batteries.

2. BACKGROUND
2.1 Aim and Objectives
This project aim is to provide a single solution which
remotely controls and monitors the subsystems inside
each base station site and enables network operators to
coordinate and manage the conditions at all base station
sites across their network. Control multiple individual
subsystems per base station site. The objectives of the
BTS project are to facilitate the achievements of the
AMPE (Accelerated Mobile Phone Expansion)
Programmed which targets the achievements of full
voice coverage [3]. Alerting users immediately when
temperature rises to prevent or reduce damage to cell
sites.

Keywords: Atmega2560, BTS Shelter, Mobile station,

GSM, Arduino, RFID, Sensors.

1. INTRODUCTION
It Controls & Monitors each subsystem inside BTS. The
sensors which we used to detect over temperature, diesel
levels or diesel theft.
The sensors that monitor
temperature, diesel fuel levels, site door open/close
status. The Power management of which enables the
wireless operators to monitor cell sites remotely for
degradation before it affects network integrity. The aim
is to Control multiple individual subsystems at each base
station site and across network [1]. Alerting users
immediately when temperature rises to prevent or reduce
damage to cell sites. The temperature sensors and relay
will sense the temperature of the room and if the main
fails the GSM module will send the message to the
master mobile which is already set in the system [2]. The
cell site base transreciever station (BTS) which are
operated by Diesel generator, when the power is off we

Fig 1.Mobile Communication Base Station

2.2 Problem Statement
(Attributes)
Theft of copper wires
Temperature Fluctuation
Unauthenticated Entry
Generator fuel amount being unnoticed
Energy waste (light)
Smoke sensor
Technician Improper time management
2.2.1- Problems Occurred due to
- As the copper wires have high cost in market, wires are
have been theft.
-The site has to work in particular temperature if
temperature increase above normal level then their
occurs damages of the system, which is due to
fluctuation of the temperature.

www.ijsret.org

78

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

-The authorized site technician has to enter .Poor

security occurs unauthorized entry.
-The Generator fuel being unnoticed by the site person
which stops whole working procedure of the system.
-energy (light) saving is very important.
-In the absence of technician Due to some problem
Smoke is generated. Which should be sent wirelessly
sent information to authorized person.
-Due to improper time management by technician
unauthorized entry in room.
2.2.2 Proposed Solution for the Problem
Theft of copper wires and Technician Improper time
management-The whole site will be under CCTV
camera.
Temperature Fluctuation-The site consists of
temperature sensor which sense the temperature level
which sends information as SMS through GSM
immediately to the technician.
Unauthenticated Entry-RFID is used to stop
unauthorized entry during emergency case keypad entry
also we are keeping.
Generator fuel amount being unnoticed-Ultrasonic
sensors are being used to keep the record of fuel in the
tank .if less fuel immediately SMS will given to
technician.
Energy waste (light)-As the technician enters the door
light will automatically ON and when he goes out
automatically OFF.
Smoke sensor-Smoke sensor will sense the smoke and
sends the information to technician through GSM.

3. SYSTEM IMPLIMENTATION
It consists of two parts 1) Software unit 2) Hardware
unit
Software unit includes the compiler to build the
assembly program used in Atmega2560 microcontroller.
Hardware includes Atmega2560 microcontroller,
Sensors, Power supply, Buzzer, Display unit.

Fig 2.Block Diagram of Mobile communication BTS

The ATmega2560 gets the input from the various

devices which are present in the BTS (Mobile Tower)
systems. GSM modem is serially interfaced with
ATmega2560 [4]. Thus we can send an SMS to the preassigned mobile number giving exact information about
the fault occurred with the help of this modem. . The
whole site room is under the cover of CCTV camera.
The site room includes door open/close sensor.
Whenever any person enters the room the message is
sent to the site admin and CCTV camera turns ON. The
system includes a temperature sensor within the Site [5].
If the site temperature rises above the maximum allowed
value, the system automatically opens the site door and
sends this information message to technician.

Fig 3.Atmega2560 Microcontroller

3.1 SYSTEM COMPONENT
(a) ATmega2560
(b) Diesel level (Ultrasonic Sensor)
(c) LM35 Sensor
(d) Door/Opener Sensor (The Hall Effect Sensor)
(e) PIR Sensor
(f) Camera Module
(g) LCD Display
(h) Hydraulic Door Opener and Closer
(i) Relay
(j) GSM Modem (GSM/GPRS SIM900A)
(k) RFID Reader
(l) Smoke sensor
3.2 Use of each component is
a) ATmega2560: To read the status from each
component and to actuate the controlling devices.
b) Diesel level (Ultrasonic Sensor): To sense the level of
diesel in the diesel tank, these power the BTS in case of
main power cut.
c) LM35: Senses the BTS room temperature.
d) Door open/close (The Hall Effect Sensor): This gives
the status of door as whether it is closed or opened.
e) PIR Sensor: Detects the presence of humans inside the
room.
f) Camera Module: Records the status of the room.

www.ijsret.org

79

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

g) LCD Display: To display the temperature, Diesel

level and other parameters of the BTS.
h) Hydraulic Door Opener and Closer: To open and
close the door automatically.
i) Relay: To switch the AC or High voltage DC devices.
j) GSM modem: To send the message about BTS status.
k) RFID Reader: To allow only authenticated entry.
l) Smoke Sensor: Smoke sensor will sense the smoke.
3.3 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
3.3.1. ATmega2560: The Mega 2560 is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega 2560. It has
54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as
PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware
serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
3.3.2. Diesel Level (Ultrasonic Sensor): To measure
Diesel level Ultrasonic sensor consist of Magnetic
switch / Read switch. It will not come to contact with
Water i.e. Shock proof. Switch is made up as a free
movement switch, when switch is free O/p will be Open
NO. When the switch is in UP with Liquid - O/p will be
Closed NC. It operates with V DC. It can be used to
detect any Liquid level.
3.3.3. LM35: Temperature Sensor: The LM35 series are
precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose
output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius
(Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an
Advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling [14]. The LM35 does not require any
external calibration to provide typical accuracies of
14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55
to +150C temperature range .
3.3.4. Hydraulic Door Opener and Closer: To open and
close the door automatically. The system includes a
RFID Reader at the door entry. This setup opens the
door only if valid card is moved across the reader. While
leaving the site the person has to move the card before
RFID reader again to close the door.
3.3.5.PIR Sensor: PIR sensor senses motion, almost
always used to detect whether a human has moved in or
out of the sensors range. PIRs are basically made of a
Pyroelectric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared

radiation. Everything emits some low level radiation,

and the hotter something is, the more radiation is
emitted. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to
use and don't wear out. They are often referred to as PIR,
"Passive Infrared", and Pyroelectric".
3.3.6. Camera Module: The whole site room is under the
cover of Camera. The site room includes door
open/close sensor. Whenever any person enters the room
the message is sent to the site admin and Camera turns
ON. The system includes a temperature sensor within
the Site.
3.3.7. 20x4 LCD Display: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
screen is an electronic display. These modules are
preferred over seven segments and other multi segment
LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily
programmable; have no limitation of displaying special
& even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),
animations and so on. A 20x4 LCD means it can display
20 characters per line and there are 4 such lines.
3.3.8. The Hall Effect Sensor: The Hall Effect Sensor is
used to monitor the door switch state, with an output
ALARM switch signal. The magnets included in the
sensor are placed a short distance apart. One of the
magnets is placed on the door, while the other is usually
placed on the door frame. The magnets need to be
spaced properly, in order to ensure that they have a
magnetic connection. The sensor monitors the integrity
of the connection between the two spaced magnets. If
that connection is broken, the sensor is triggered, and a
signal is sent back to the control panel, which is
processed as an alert.
3.3.9. Relay: To switch the AC or High voltage DC
devices.
3.3.10. RFID Reader: Radio-frequency identification
(RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the
purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags
attached to objects. The tags contain electronically
stored information typically incorporated into a product,
animal, or person for the purpose of identification and
tracking using radio waves. A typical RFID system is
made up of three components: Tags, Readers, Host
controller system.
3.2.11. GSM/GPRS SIM900A: GSM (Global System for
Mobile Communications) is the most popular standard
for mobile telephony systems in the world. In this
project we used GSM modem which has SIM900A
Module. We can use it to send SMS, make and receive

www.ijsret.org

80

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

calls, and do other GSM operations by controlling it

through simple AT commands.
3.2.12. Smoke Sensor: Smoke sensor will sense the
smoke and sends the information to technician through
GSM.
3.4 OBTAINING THE SENSOR READINGS AND
STORAGE
IN
THE
AURDINO
MICROCONTROLLER
Our proposed system obtains four analog signals the
float sensor readings from the diesel fuel tank, battery
voltage levels, temperature reading from the sensor
LM35 and a mains sense, to detect whether AC mains
supply is present or not [2]. The obtained sensor values
are properly calibrated with the help of resistance
networks to obtain a voltage in the 0-2.5V (for digital
values in the 0-255) range. The sensor readings stored
in the direct RAM are moved to the accumulator register
for comparison [5]. The values are compared with the
threshold levels set in the system(which can be varied by
modifying the program).The battery voltage is compared
to the threshold value in the Flash memory(8K
bytes),and in case of an anomaly i.e. the battery voltage
levels going below the threshold, system generates an
alert SMS to the authorized supervisor. Similar alert
SMS will be formed in case the temperature goes above
the threshold or when the generator fuel level goes
below a threshold or when AC mains supply fails[7].
The reference voltage (Vref/2) of ADC (Analog to
Digital Converter) is set at 1.25V. The ADC and
interfacing. A finite delay is provided for the ADC to
perform the conversion.
3.5 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENTS
1. Start
2. Initialize the LCD
3. Print the project name on LCD
4. Initialize the GSM
5. Wait for fault
6. Check the fault
7. Check Di1=0 if yes then
8. Print on LCD name of fault
9. Hooter on, relay on and LED of respective fault glows
10. Send SMS to the registered mobile no.
11. If Di1=1 then check Di2=1 if yes go to 8
12. Check for MUTE button if it is pressed then hooter is
off
13. Check for RESET button if it is pressed then LED is
off
14. Go to 6
15. End

Fig 4.Flow Chart

4. RESULT
Result Includes the output of the project where we
getting output as authentication success, when we press
correct password (#4*).Authentication is fail if we press
(#2*).The room temperature is measured using LM35
sensor and also the fuel level in tank using ultrasonic
senor based on distance it will indicate fuel level. These
all results are displayed on the LCD display and also we
can display the result in the atmega2560 Aurdino
Software. From the result observation it is cleared that
all the modules are working as expected in objectives.
Working model of the system is shown in below figures.

Fig 5. Output of Temperature

www.ijsret.org

81

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

important tool in our efforts to create a better total

availability for the power feeding of our different
telecommunication systems. The system is developed in
a generic way so that it can be implemented in any
industrial area after little modification. This adaptive
technique will help to maintain an uninterruptible
communication service to the mobile users.
5.1 Future Enhancements
It can be implemented in areas where temperature,
smoke, pressure etc need to maintain. This project can be
used in large industry where human work is not possible.
Also we can use renewable Energy source (Solar
Energy) for large power supply.

REFERENCES

Fig 6. Output of Authentication success & Fail

5. CONCLUSION
This project introduced beneficial techniques to protect
the mobile BS site and its proper uninterrupted operation
like, BS Security Monitoring enables users to monitor
remotely the conditions of base stations (BS). System
Temperature, Distance, Unauthorized entry in room,
theft of wires are all problems are solved .The core of
the solution is the GSM SMS controller which always
performance
monitoring features. Great time
management and hence required less number of
technicians. With the help of this system the technician
is alerted of any unexpected situation and can attend to it
immediately and hence the loss is minimized. The
system itself efficiently monitors the power supply and
controls the BS equipments to avoid total outage of
communication system. With this paper we can develop
low cost, real-time system which can monitor and
control the operation of cell sites. We also believe that
the described control and maintenance system will be an

[1] Ajosh.K, P.Sujit, Aravind Rajan, Aravind V, and

Raveendranathan K.C., A Smart BTS Power
Management System, International Conference on
Computational Intelligence and Communication
Systems, 2010, 488-492
[2] Remote Operating and Monitoring Cell Sites,
International Conference on Technology and Innovation
ICTI- 2011, ISBN: 978-8-19217-820-2, Pg. 240-244
[3] Yan Liu, development of control device and software
base on RFID. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics
Industry, 2008..
[4] Manoel Eustquio dos Santos, Braz de J. Cardoso
Filho, Flavio H.Vasconcelos, Voltage and Current
Measurement System for Medium Voltage Inverters,
Conference Record of IEEE Industry Applications
Conference vol.2, 2002, 1224[5] Yaguang Guo, B.X. Du, Y. Gao, Xiaolong Li and
H.B. Li, On-line Monitoring System Based on
MODBUS for Temperature Measurement in Smart Grid,
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia),
2012 IEEE Conference, 1-5.
[6] Pizzuti, Grossoni, Antonetti, "Power and
Conditioning Telemanagement Integrated System,"
Twenty-Seventh International Telecommunications
Conference, 2005. pp.83-88, Sept. 2005
[7] Satoshi Maruyama, Katsuhiko Tanahashi, Takehiko
Higuchi (2002). Base Transceiver Station for W-CDMA
System. August 8, 2002.
[8] Yi xianjun and Liu luimei Development of high
precision temperature measurement system based on
ARM 9TH International conference an electronic
measurement and instrument, pp 795-800, May 2009.

www.ijsret.org

82