Journal of Modern Mathematics Frontier Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013

doi: 10.14355/jmmf.2013.0204.03

www.sjmmf.org

Multiperiodicity of High-Order BAM

Networks on Time Scales
Zhenkun Huang*1, Jinxiang Cai2, Honghua Bin3
School of Sciences, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
hzk974226@jmu.edu.cn; 2714119175@qq.com; 3binhonghua@163.com

*1

Abstract

Definition 3. A function p : . is said to be a

This brief paper presents new results about dynamics of

high-order bidirectional associative memory (BAM)
networks on time scales. Invariant sets on time scales are
constructed to orientate regions of orbits. By partitions of
index sets, we obtain a unique (periodic) trajectory which is
exponentially attractive in each invariant set.

regressive function if and only if 1 + p (t ) (t ) 0 for all

Keywords
High-order BAM; Multiperiodicity; Time Scales

t .

Let be the set of all egressive functions on T, rd be

the set of all rd-continuous and regressive functions on
T and
1
*rd = { p rd | inf
> (t ), t T } .
sT p ( s )
Definition 4. Let p rd .The exponential function
e p (t , s ) is defined on T by

Introduction

Consider the following high-order BAM networks on

time scales:

ai (t ) xi (t ) + pijk (t ) g ( y j (t ))g ( yk (t )) + I i (t ),
xi (t ) =
k 1
=j 1 =

i :={1, 2, , n}
(1)

n n

b j (t ) y j (t ) + q jil (t ) g ( xi (t ))g ( xl (t )) + J j (t ),
y j (t ) =
=i 1 =l 1

j :={1, 2, , m}
m m

The analysis of dynamic properties for networks has

attracted growing interest, such as multistability and
boundedness. In this paper, invariant sets have been
constructed by some inequalities to locate (periodic)
orbits of BAM on time scales. Exponential attractivity
of (periodic) trajectorories has been also obtained.
Preliminaries
First we recall some basic definitions and results on
time scales from.
Definition 1. A time scale is a nonempty closed subset
of . The forward jump operator : is defined
by =
(t ) inf{w : w > t}. The backward jump operator

(t ) sup{w : w < t} .The

: is defined by =
graininess : is defined by =
(t ) : (t ) t .
Definition 2. A time scale is said to be periodic if
t then t . Meanwhile, (t + n ) = (t ) + n

and (t + n=
) (t ), n .

=
e p (t , s ) exp[ ( ) ( p( )) ],
s

where h ( z ) is a cylinder transformation with h ( z ) =

log(1 + hz )
and h=
( z ) z=
, h 0.
h

Lemma 1. Let p rd and h rd , t0 and u0 . The

unique solution of initial value problem=
u p (t )u + h(t ) ,
u (t0 ) = u0 ,is given by
t

u (t ) =
e p (t , t0 )u0 + e p (t , ( w))h( w)w.
t0

Definition 5. A pair of ( PN , N N ) is often said to be a

partition of index set N if
PN N N =
N and PN N N =
.
Main Results
Assume g () is

strictly

g (-s) = g ( s ) .

is

increasing,

g(0)=0

- periodic

time

and
scale,

ai (t ), pijk (t ), I i (t ), b j (t ) q jil (t ) and J j (t ) are periodic

functions on . For G Crd , define

=
G : inf
=
G (t ) ,
G : sup G (t )
t

Theorem 1. Assume that ai , b j *rd for all i N ,

j M . For any partition ( PN , N N ) of index set N and

( PM , N M ) of index set M , if there exist constants

r , r with 0 < r < r , r N and r , r with

0 < r < r , r M such that

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Journal of Modern Mathematics Frontier Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013

+
(
)
inf
(
)
(
a
t
p
t
g

r
tT rjj
r
j)

jM

s
prjk g + I r > 0
j , kM , j k
( H PN ) : r PN ,

+
(
)
sup
(
)
(
a
t
p
t
g

r
r
rjj
j)

tT
j
M

+
prjk g s + I r < 0

j , kM , j k
And

br (t ) r + inf prjj (t ) g ( r )
tT
jM

s
prjk g + J r > 0
j , kM , j k
( H PM ) : r PM ,

b
(
t
)

r + sup prjj (t ) g ( r )
r
T
t

jM

+
prjk g s + J r < 0

j
k
M , j k
,

Hold for t

ar (t ) r + inf prjj (t ) g ( j )
T

jM

s
prjk g + I r > 0
j , kM , j k
( H N N ) : r N N ,

ar (t ) r + sup prjj (t ) g ( j )
jM tT

+
prjk g s + I r < 0

j , kM , j k

and

br (t ) r + inf prjj (t ) g ( r )
tT
jM

s
prjk g + J r > 0
j , kM , j k
( H NM ) : r N M ,

+ sup prjj (t ) g 2 ( r )
b
(
t
)

r
r

jM tT

+
prjk g s + J r < 0

j , kM , j k
N
is an invariant set of (1).
hold for t then M

Moreover, (1) exponentially attracts all trajectories of

N
N
, whereM
M
= NX YM and

NX := {x n xr ( r , r ), r PN , xr (- r , - r ), r N N },
YM

:= { y

yr ( r , r ), r PM , yr (- r
- r ), r N M }.

N
, we will
Proof. First, for given any initial (x 0y0 ) M

show

x(t;x 0 )NX

y (t ; y0 ) YM

for all t [0, + ) . We

only consider the components of x(t;x 0 ) . We consider

two cases as follows:
126

Case 1: (i) There exists a r PN such that there exists a

rd-continuous point t (0, + ) satisfying xr (t ) =

r , xr (t ) 0 or there is a right-scattered point

t (0, + ) satisfying xr (t ) > r and xr ( (t )) < r . (ii)

There exists a r PN such that there exists a rdcontinuous point t (0, + ) satisfying
=
xr (t ) r , xr (t ) 0

or there is a right-scattered point t (0, + ) satisfying

xr (t ) < r and xr ( (t )) > r .

If t is a rd-continuous point in (0, + ) ,then it follows

from (1) and ( H PN ) that
xr (t ) ar (t ) r +

j , kM , j k

inf prjj (t ) g 2 ( j )

jM

tT

(2)

prjk g s + I r > 0

If t is a right-scattered point in (0, + ) , then it follows

from (1) and ( H PN ) that
xr ( (t )) r + (t )[ar (t ) r

+ Ir +

j , kM , j k

inf prjj (t ) g 2 ( j )

jM

(3)

tT

prjk g s ] > r

Obviously,both (2) and (3) contradict Case1 (i).

Similarly, we can find a contracdiction to Case 1 (ii).
Case 2: (i) There exists a r N N such that there exists a
rd-continuous point t (0, + ) satisfying xr (t ) =
- r , xr (t ) 0 or there is a right-scattered point
t (0, + ) satisfying

xr (t ) < - r and xr ( (t )) >- r .

(ii)There exists a r N N such that there exists a rdcontinuous

point

t (0, + )

xr (t ) =

satisfying

- r , xr (t ) 0 or there is a right-scattered point

t (0, + ) satisfying xr (t ) > - r and xr ( (t )) <- r .

By contradictions of Case 1 to Case 2,we get that
r < xr (t ) < r for all t [0,+ ) if r PN and
- r < xr (t ) < - r for all t [0, + ) ,if r N N ; By similar

argument, we can show that r < yr (t ) < r for all

t [0, + ) if r PM , and - r < y r (t ) < - r for all

N
is an invariant set
t [0, + ) ,if r N M ; Therefore,M

of (1).

Journal of Modern Mathematics Frontier Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013

Let ( x(t ; ), y (t ; )) and ( x(t ; ), y (t ; )) be any two

solutions of (1) with initial conditions ,

N
M

N
,we get that for
respectively. By the invariance ofM
N
.
any t [0, + ) , ( x(t ; ), y (t ; )) , ( x(t ; ), y (t ; )) M

For i N , j M , denote =
ui (t ) : xi (t , ) xi (t ; ) and
=
v j (t ) : y j (t , ) y j (t ; ). It follows from (1) that

ui (t ) = ai (t ) ui (t )

pijk (t ) [v j (t) yk (t )

+
j , kM + y j (t ) vk (t )]
(S )

v j (t ) = b j (t )v j (t )

q jil (t ) [ui (t ) xl (t )
+
+ x (t ) u (t )]
l
i ,lN i
It follows from (S) that
D + ui (t )

ai (t ) ui (t ) +

j , kPM

pijk (t )

(4)

b j (t ) v j (t ) +

i ,lPM

q jil (t )

Our assumptions that there exists a sufficiently small

constant w with 0 < w < min iPN , jPM {ai , b j } such that
1 w (t ) > 0 and

ai (t ) + w + pijk (t ) (v j k + vk j )
vi j , kM

e
i PN
( w ) (t , 0) < 0,
(5)

1
b j (t ) + w + q jil (t ) (vi l + vl i )

i ,lN
v j

e
j PM
( w ) (t , 0) < 0,

where

vr := r r , r PN and vr := r r , r PM .

Define rd-continuous functions ui , v j

ui (t ) :=
v j (t ) :
=

e( w ) (t , 0)
vi
e( w ) (t , 0)

by

ui (t ) ,
v j (t ) , i N, j M

v j

It follows from (5) we get that

ui (t ) e w (t , 0),
v j (t ) e w (t , 0)

for all

rd

where = max iPN , jPM {vi , vj }. It follows that any

solution is exponentially attractive as t + .The
proof is complete.
Colloary 1. Let all assumptions of Theorem 1 hold.
Then
m m

ai (t ) xi (t ) + pijk (t )
xi (t ) =
k 1
=j 1 =

g ( y (t - )) g ( y (t - )) + I (t ),
j
k
i

i :={1, 2, , n}
(6)

n n

b j (t ) y j (t ) + q jil (t )
y j (t ) =
=i 1 =l 1

g ( xi (t - )) g ( xl (t - )) + J j (t ),

j :={1, 2, , m}

N
has one periodic trajectory inM
and it exponentially
Remark There exist 2n partitions of index set N and
2m partitions of index set M. Hence, there may exist
N
satisfying with inequalities
2n + 2m invariant sets M
N
is
assumptions in Theorem 1 and the bound of M

l ui (t ) + i ul (t ) .

i N, j M and t [0, + ) ,

N
.
attracts all trajectories ofM

k v j (t) + j vk (t ) .

D + v j (t )

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well estimated by ( H N N )
( H NM ) ( H PN ) and ( H PM ) .
Conclusions
New conditions for invariance and exponentially
attractivity of (periodic) solutions of BAM networks
have been established. Our results are different from
existing ones in the literature.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research was supported in part by the National

Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants
11101187, the Foundation for Young Professors of
Jimei University, the Excellent Youth Foundation of
Fujian Province under Grant 2012J06001, NCETFJ
under Grant JA11144 and the Foundation of Fujian
Higher Education under Grants JA10184 and JA11154.
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D.W. Ho, J. Liang and J. Lam Kosko, 2006. Global
Exponential Stability of Impulsive High-order BAM

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Journal of Modern Mathematics Frontier Volume 2 Issue 4, December 2013

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doi:10.1109TCYB.2013.2257747.
Zhenkun Huang received the M.S. degree in mathematics
from Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China, in 2004, the Ph.D.
degree from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2007.
He is currently an Associate Professor in Jimei University,
Xiamen. He has published more than 15 papers in refereed
journals such as IEEE Trans on Neural Networks, IEEE
Trans on Cybernitics and Trans on Circuits and Systems I:
Regular papers. He also published theoretical Papers in
journals such as Physics Lett A, Nonlinear Dynamics, J Math
Anal Appl and Information Sciences. He serves on the
Editorial Board of ISRN Applied Mathematics and he is also
a reviewer of Mathematical Reviews. His research interests
include nonlinear systems, neural networks, and stability
analysis in dynamic systems.