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Functions
Producing body movements
Stabilizing body positions
Storing and moving substances in the body
Generating heat
Communication with other systems
Contractility
Ability of muscle tissue to contract forcefully
when stimulated by an action potential.
When muscle contracts, it generates tension
Isometric contraction
Isotonic contraction
Contractility
Isometric contraction
the muscle develops tension but
doesnt shorten.
holding a book in an
outstretched hand
Isotonic contraction
the tension developed by the muscle
remains almost constant while the
muscle shortens
lifting a book off the table
Extensibility
Ability of muscle to stretch without being
damaged
Allows a muscle to contract forcefully even
though
it is forcefully even if it is already stretched
Smooth muscle is subject to the greatest
amount of stretching.
Stomach fills with food
Cardiac muscle is also
stretched
Elasticity
Ability of muscle tissue to return to its
original strength and shape after contraction
or extension
Masseter
Occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Sternocleiodmastoid
Suprahyoid
Temporalis
Trapezius
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
Protracts and depresses mandible;
involved in excursion
Muscles of Mastication
INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLE
Changes shape of tongue
EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLE
Moves tongue
SUPRAHYOID
Elevates or stabilizes hyoid
Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, hypoglossus
INFRAHYOID
Depresses or stabilizes hyoid;
thyrohyoid
Neck Muscles
FLEXORS
Flex head and neck
EXTENSORS
Extend head and neck
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Individually rotate head; together flex
neck
TRAPEZIUS
Extends and laterally flexes neck
Thoracic Muscles
Involved almost entirely in the process of
breathing.
Thoracic Muscles
SCALENES
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS
MALE and FEMALE: Compresses the
bases of Penis and Clitoris
EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER
Keeps orifice of anal closed
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
Supports Pelvic floor
Arm Muscles
BICEPS BRACHII
Flexes elbow; supinates forearm;
flexes shoulder
SUPRAGLENOID
TUBERCLE/LONG HEAD
CORACOID PROCESS/SHORT
HEAD
BRACHIALIS
Flexes elbow
Arm Muscles
TRICEPS BRACHII
Extends elbow; extends shoulder;
adducts arm
LATERAL BORDER OF
SCAPULA/LONG HEAD
LATERAL AND POSTERIOR
SURFACE OF
HUMERUS/LATERAL HEAD
POSTERIUR HUMERUS/MEDIAL
HEAD
Muscles acting in Forearm Movements
ANTERIOR FOREARM
PALMARIS LONGUS
Tightens skin of palm
FLEXOR CAPRI RADIALIS
Flexes and abducts wrist
FLEXOR CAPRI ULNARIS
Flexes and abducts wrist
THORACIC
SUBCOSTALES
TRANSVERSUS THORACIS
IEVATORES COSTARUM
(INFERIOIR/EXTERIOR)
ABDOMEN
PYRAMIDALIS
CREMASTER
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
SUBCLAVIUS
ARM MUSCLE
CORACOBRACHIALIS
ANCONEUS
FOREARM MUSCLE
EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
EXTENSOR INDICIS
ABDUCTOR POLICIS LONGUS
EXTENSOR POLICIS BREVIS
EXTENSOR POLICIS LONGUS
Other Upper Limb and Trunk Muscles
HAND MUSCLE
OPPONENS POLICIS
FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
PALMARIS BREVIS
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI
FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS
OPPONEN DIGITI MINIMI
LUMBRICAL
DORSAL INTEROSSEI
PALMAR INTEROSSEI
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Located under the buttocks
One of the strongest muscles in the
body
It is the one responsible for the
movement of the hips and thigh
Causes the leg to straighten at the
hip when a person either walks, runs,
or climbs.
SOLEUS
located on the back of the lower leg
A plantar flexor muscle of the ankle
Capable of applying powerful and
strong forces onto the ankle joint
This muscle is used for pushing off
the ground while walking
Aids to maintain posture by
preventing the body from falling
forward.
Adductor
Abductor
Muscles of the Hip
Anterior
bend or flex
Posterior
extend or straighten
Adductor
moves the thigh towards the bodys
midline
Abductor
moves the thigh away from the
bodys midline
Anterior
Posterior
Plantaris Muscle
Popliteus Muscle
Quadriceps Femoris Tendon
Sartorius Muscle
Semimembranosus Muscle
Semitendinosus Muscle
Semitendinosus Tendon
Soleus Muscle
Tibialis Anterior Muscle
Vastus Intermedius Muscle
Vastus Lateralis Muscle
Vastus Medialis Muscle
Common Diseases
Muscle Cramps
Cerebral Palsy
Muscle Atrophy
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Rotator Cuff Tear
Muscle Cramps
Muscle cramps occur when muscles forcibly
contract
Can occur suddenly because of the overuse
of muscles or injury
May be stopped by stretching the affected
muscle area
Iliotibial Tract
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
Inferior Gemellus Muscle
Lumbrical Muscles of Foot
Pectineus Muscle
Peroneus Brevis Muscle
Peroneus Longus Muscle
Peroneus Tertius Muscle
Piriformis Muscle
Plantaris Muscle
Plantaris Tendon
Popliteus Muscle
Cerebral Palsy
Usually caused by brain damage
Appears during infancy or early childhood
This disease permanently affects the
following:
body movement
muscle coordination
balance
motor skills
Muscle Atrophy
Muscles Wasting
Decrease in muscle size due to a decreased
number of myofilaments
Main reason for muscle wasting is lack of
physical activity
It can happen when a disease makes it
difficult for a part of the body to move.
Common to:
painters, carpenters, baseball,
basketball, and tennis players.