(Nonato) A Proposed Electrical Back-Up System Design

Electrical Back-up System Design for Critical Loads
of M/V Stim Star Angola
A Project Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering and Technical Department
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
University Site, Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program
by
Marcial O. Nonato
March 2016
ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN
Approval Sheet
This special project entitled

Electrical Back-up System Design for Critical Loads of M/V Stim Star Angola,
prepared and submitted by Marcial O. Nonato, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (ETTEAP), is hereby recommended for
oral examination.
Engr. Evangeline Constantino

Adviser
Approved by the committee on oral examination with a grade of ________ on March 2016.
Dr. Benilda Villenas

Member
Engr. Rodher Sedenio
Engr. Eric Tamondong
Member
Member
Dr. Guillermo M. Rago, Jr.
Chairperson
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Engineering (ETEEAP).
March 2016
Date
Dr. Guillermo M. Rago Jr.

College Dean of Engineering and Technical Department
Acknowledgement
This project study will not be in possible without the help my adviser, Engr. Evangeline
Constantino; Mark Nel Inojosa for helping me in selecting all the materials specifications used
for the prototype; my mentor, Engr. Charlyn Ong; my friend, Leo Santiago, who is always giving
me an encouragement; and my engineering math tutor, Engr. Mark Manuguid.
Also, I am very thankful to my family who are always there to support me. Leilani MagoNonato, my wife, for the moral and financial support; the staffs professors, and officials of the
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation and the College of Engineering; and above all to God,
our High Almighty Creator for the intelligence and strength He has showered upon me.
Again, my extended gratitude to all of you!
The Author
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this humble piece of work primarily to
my family who have been the source of my inspirations:
My father,
GABRIEL G. NONATO SR;
My mother,
GLORIA OLIVA-NONATO;
My wife,
LEILANI MAGO-NONATO;
My sons,
WREN JABIR, NIKKUS RAPHAEL, ELIYAN MOM; and
To all my brothers, sister and friend who are very supportive to me
-Marcial O. Nonato
Table of Contents
Page
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
Unit I - Introduction
10
Background of the Study
11
Objectives of Study
11
Conceptual Framework
12
Significance of the Study
13
Scope and Limitation of the Study
13
Definition of Terms
14
Acronyms
14
Unit II Review and related of studies and Literature
16
Unit III Methods and Procedures
23
Research Design
23
Research Environment
23
Procedures
24
Design Concept
26
Unit IV Results and Discussion
28
Data Gathering and Analysis
28
Electrical Back-up System Design
30
Block diagram
30
Flow chart
31
Circuit Design
33
Prototype Fabrication
38
Cost Estimate and Bill of Materials
41
Project Timeline
42
Evaluation
45
Summary Findings
47
Unit V Conclusion and Recommendation
49
Conclusions
49
Recommendations
50
References
51
Appendices
59
Sample Survey Questionnaire for Evaluation
53
Parts of Regulator
56
Sample Regulator Specifications
57
Alternator Data Sheet
58
Curriculum Vitae
60
List of Tables
Table No.
Title
Page
Modified Likert Scale
26
42
Timeline of the project
43
Summary of functionality survey results
47
Summary of reliability survey results
47
List of Figures
Figure No.
Title
Page
Conceptual Paradigm
12
Physical structure of the vessel
29
Existing power management system.
29
Block Diagram
31
System Flowchart
32
Schematic diagram of the loads of the prototype
33
Schematic diagram of the regulator IC of the alternator
33
Lights in parallel connection
39
Ammeter and voltmeter assembly
39
10
Soldering procedures
40
11
Regulator IC and diode rectifier
40
12
Motor and alternator into the base
41
13
Final output
41
14
PERT/CPM
51
15
Working prototype
52
Abstract
Marcial O. Nonato, Electrical Back-up System Design for Critical Loads of M/V Stim
Star Angola, Unpublished project paper for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Engineering under the Expanded Tertiary Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP),
College of Engineering, Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, March 2016.
Today, most ships and vessels suffer electrical problems in particular to supporting
critical loads such as navigation system, lightings, communication apparatus, air-conditioning
and galley equipment.
The M/V Stim Star Angola vessel, as an international well stimulator for different oil
fields servicing in Angola, has encountered issues such as grounding in its lower deck due to
flooding that affect the main generators. Aside from that, the vessels electrical system is
complex and not well-ordered.
In this project, a prototype of the stand-by alternating generator (alternator) employed in
the electrical back-up system was designed to produce an output voltage of 14-V to supply the
critical loads. A schematic diagram of the regulator IC was also designed and carefully analyzed
to fit the designed system of the prototype. All materials and components were selected to
conform with the Philippine Electrical Code provisions and standards.
Prototype testing confirmed that a working prototype was fabricated, which accurately
produced an input voltage in accordance with the designed alternator. All representing critical
loads of the prototype were correctly supplied and activated in normal operation when the
alternator was turned on. Survey results by technical respondents, comprised of 11 technicians
and 6 engineers, was tabulated and analyzed to evaluate the functionality and reliability the
proposed electrical back-up system which reflected a highly commended test performance.
Keywords: Alternators, critical loads, electrical back-up system, generators, power systems
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Unit I
Introduction
Background of the study
An efficient and a well-managed electrical back-up system is one of the major
components to support critical loads in most ships and vessels. This keeps navigation system,
lightings, communication apparatus, air-conditioning and galley equipment in normal operation
whenever unexpected incidents occur.
For the M/V Stim Star Angola vessel, where the electrical system is likely complex and
sophisticated, a stand-by generator is primarily essential. This is in particular to previously
encountered cases such as grounding in the lower deck of the vessel due to flooding that affect
the main generators. When the generators are shut down, no electrical back-up system is utilized
to keep the power of the critical loads on. Thus, an electrical back-up system design is highlyneeded to address the issue.
The power that supports M/V Stim Star Angola is produced by the generators. The
generators were driven by an engine powered by a diesel fuel. A single generator can power all
the auxiliary equipment such as hydraulic pumps for stimulation of oil wells. Generation of
electricity uses fuel which means that when more electricity is consumed, more fuel is burnt.
M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel is an international well stimulator for
different oil fields servicing in Angola. It has different main machineries comprised of ten (10)
pumps and 100 hp motors and three (3) 1200 kVA AC generators. The generators were operated
by a C32 Caterpillar Diesel Engine at a maximum speed of 2300 rpm and normal operating
speed of 1900 rpm. At normal operating speed, the vessel consumes 71.37 gal/hr.
The average daily power consumption of the vessel is 500 hp and a single GE AC
generator produces 1608 hp enough to power all the 500 hp required.
M/V Stim Star Angola suffers from low power supply due to the powering of the
stimulation operation. At the same time, the existing electrical system cannot sustain the power
requirements of the navigation system, lightings, and other critical loads.
Therefore, an electrical back-up system design should be employed in order to support
the power requirements. This will also keep the power of the critical loads and the vessel in
normal operation.
Objectives of the study
The general objective of the study is to design and develop an electrical back-up system
that will support the critical loads of M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel.
Specifically, the research sought to accomplish the following objectives:
1. to design an electrical back-up system for critical loads;
2. to design a circuit of the designed electrical back-up system;
3. to fabricate a prototype of the designed back-up system; and
4. to evaluate the prototype in terms of functionality and reliability.
Conceptual Framework
The framework shown in Figure 1 serves as a guide of the researcher to accomplish the
objectives of the study. The knowledge requirements must be at least an understanding of the
present electrical system of the M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel as well as its
present structure and layout. The researcher must also have a wide background on existing
electrical back-up systems that are widely-used for most ships and vessels.
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In addition, an ability to handle critical loads and understand the characteristics of

different equipment using electricity must also be acquired prior to the pursuit of this study.
The process includes site investigation, prototype development, cost considerations,
preparation of design computations, and testing and evaluation. Detailed process throughputs are
presented in the figure below.
Drawing upon the theories and concepts taken from the related studies, the conceptual
paradigm of the study is roughly illustrated as follows:
KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS
Present electrical system of
the vessel.
Knowledge on the structure
and layout of the vessel.
Background of the existing
electrical back-up systems
that are widely-used for most
vessels.
Existing issues and concerns
due to the complex electrical
layout.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Expertise on critical loads
Characteristics of different
equipment using electricity
PROCESS
DATA GATHERING AND
ANALYSIS
ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM
DESIGN
CIRCUIT DESIGN
PROTOTYPE FABRICATION
TESTING AND EVALUATION
INPUT
Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the study
ELECTRICAL BACK-UP
SYSTEM PROTOTYPE
FOR CRITICAL LOADS
OUTPUT
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Significance of the study

Generally, this study will focus on a system that will be used as a back-up to provide
power to the critical loads of M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel. Most importantly,
the study is significant to the following:
M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel. Since an electrical back-up system
design is proposed, relevant issues on power interruptions due to complex and sophisticated
electrical system inside the vessel will be addressed through this study. The study will also
accomplish a prototype, layout, and design computations of the proposed electrical back-up
system for the vessel.
Technicians and operators. This study will also be of great help to the technician, and
operators of the vessel since less expenditures and time for repairs will be generated due to
prolonged use of most equipment when the proposed system is implemented.
Students and Faculty. In addition, this study also aims to be an in-depth reference of
students, faculty, hobbyists, and theoretically adept persons seeking a well-documented electrical
back-up system design project and technical paper. Specifically, the students that would benefit
from this research are the mechanical and electrical engineering students.
Design Engineers. Hence, the system can also be used as a reference for project
proposals of engineers working with ships and vessels that need an efficient and a well-managed
electrical back-up system.
Scope and Delimitation
This project is a system that is intended to support the critical loads of M/V Stim Star
Angola Well Stimulation Vessel. The design and layout of the back-up system will be based on
the present structure and assembly of the vessel. The study will only focus on devising a standby alternating generator for supporting the critical loads, which will be further discussed in the
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next chapters of this paper. The loads presented herein include navigation area, air-conditioned
motor, lightning outlets, and convenience outlet.
In designing the system, the researcher will base the computation and gather the
necessary data in the present electrical system of the vessel. However, since this is a prototype
and a preliminary design, no actual installation will be done unless otherwise approved by the
management.
Definition of Terms
Since there are unfamiliar terms used in this study, the researcher has provided the list of
terminologies with their corresponding meaning:
AC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy with an
output of alternating current. An AC generator was used to power the auxiliary equipment of the
STIM STAR Stimulation Vessel like the motors to power the pump.
AC motors are machines that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using
alternating current. AC motors were used to power the crane and hydraulic pumps of the STIM
STAR Stimulation Vessel.
Chemical pump is a machine that increases the pressure of fluids. Hydraulic pumps were
powered by an AC motor. Hydraulic pump was used to unreel flexible pipes and for mixing of
chemicals.
Diesel Engine is an engine or machine that uses diesel fuel for operation. The diesel
engine in the STIM STAR Stimulation Vessel used to power the AC generator.
Stimulation is to make something more active. The STIM STAR Stimulation Vessel
stimulates oil wells with reduction of oil production.
Acronyms
Alternator
Alternating Generator
C32
Caterpillar 32
GE
General Electric
M/V
Marine Vessel
RPM
Revolution per Minute
STIM
Stimulation
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Unit II
Review of related studies and literature
This unit will give an overview of the relation of the Electrical Engineering studies and
other researches, the new technological developments on stand-by generators and electrical
systems, and the technical standards and considerations for this project. This will also provide
the benefit of the proposed project not only to the M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation
Vessel, but to other ships and vessels as well.
Back-up electrical system

Systematic and well-managed electrical system is very important in a place that is
powered by electricity. As confirmed by Kruckenberg, et al. (2011), the purpose of a prioritized
backup power system is to distribute a limited supply of energy to the most important circuits at
the expense of the least important ones. In order to do so, a priority must be assigned to each
circuit by the user.
Mechefske (2012) also iterates that assigning priorities to circuits while seamlessly
transitioning among available power sources in the case of power shortages is important. Power
shortages can occur if power from the electrical grid is not available and a backup source is used.
The same concept can be used to encourage reductions of energy use.
Cousins (2010), on the other hand, noted that a backup power system for seamless
transition among available backup power sources during residential power outages. The system
provides a standard way to interface with many different types of power sources so they can be
used appropriately when needed. In addition to the backup power transition, the system also
relays power usage information to a computer that has been wirelessly connected to receive the
usage data. The system works in real homes with the rated capacity of power circuits while
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complying with electrical safety standards.

Due to the fact that the main purpose of the study is to develop an electrical back-up
system, the topics presented above are important considerations on which loads should be given
priority during power interruptions and which power sources are appropriate to be used backup
power transitions.
Generators
Various types of alternating current generators are utilized today (Lund, 2009). However,
they all perform the same basic function of converting one form of energy into electrical energy.
Types of Generators. According to Engelhardt (2011), in the rotating armature AC
generator, the stator provides a stationary electromagnetic field. The rotor, acting as the
armature, rotates in the field, cutting the lines of force and producing the desired output voltage.
The output voltage is taken from the rotor by the slip rings and brushes. One slip ring is attached
to each end of the rotating loop. The brushes make sliding electrical contact with the slip rings.
The generator's AC output voltage can be transferred from the slip rings through the brushes to
an external circuit.
On the other hand, Slootweg (2010) describes the rotating field AC generator is by far the
most widely used generator. In this type of generator, direct current from a separate source is
passed through windings on the rotor by means of slip rings and brushes. This maintains a
rotating electromagnetic field of fixed polarity (similar to a rotating bar magnet). The rotating
magnetic field of the rotor extends outward and cuts through the armature windings embedded in
the surrounding stator. As the rotor turns, alternating voltages are induced in the windings
because magnetic fields of first one polarity and then the other cut through them. Because the
output power is taken from stationary windings, the output may be connected through fixed
terminals. The advantage in this type of construction is that larger amounts of currents can be
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handled because there are no sliding contacts and the whole output circuit is continuously
insulated.
Generator Reliability. According to Belati (2014), in order to improve generator
reliability, manufacturers pay particular attention to known problem areas based on in service
generator experience. The new designs strive for a high level of reliability and availability based
on the problems that have caused down time on older designs. In addition, the reliability of the
product is improved through design simplification and standardization.
Generator Design and Construction. There are two main components in the generator,
the rotor and the stator (Mohd, 2014). The generator must also have a source of DC current to
magnetize the rotor, called the exciter. The generator may have several components and
subsystems, depending on its particular features.
The primary component of this electrical back-up system is a stand-by generator that
would power all the critical loads when power shutdown occurs. Hence, the topics presented
above are mainly important to be able to identify the basic operation and function of generators
which will then be employed in the prototype.
Critical loads
According to Forbes (2008), a number of mission critical processes rely on the
continuous operation of essential equipment. If this critical equipment fails, the process can shut
down with consequent financial losses. Advanced monitoring of key equipment can provide
advanced warning of impending problems. These can then be attended to before an unscheduled
breakdown occurs. This paper will examine how advanced monitoring of large electrical loads
can be performed. Two case studies will be presented to illustrate how measurements are taken
and data is analyzed to determine if equipment is operating optimally.
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Wang and Gao (2011) state that machine condition monitoring and fault diagnostics can
be defined as the field of technical activity in which selected physical parameters, associated
with machinery operation, are observed for the purpose of determining machinery integrity.
Most equipment is required to operate within a relatively close set of limits. These limits, or
operating conditions, are designed to allow for safe operation and to ensure design specifications
are not exceeded. They are usually set to optimize product quality and throughput without
overstressing the equipment. The main reason for employing advanced monitoring and fault
diagnostics is to generate accurate, quantitative information on the present condition of the
equipment. Advanced monitoring can provide measurement detail which gives more confident
and realistic expectations regarding equipment performance.
Additionally, Cousins (2010) explains that costs of downtime critical electrical loads are
central to the continued operation of the plant and process. When this equipment fails, the
process is interrupted and large financial losses can occur due to production loss, damaged
equipment, increased maintenance spending and hidden costs such as product recalls. While it is
unrealistic for equipment to operate continuously without any failures, it is possible to schedule
downtime to attend to any potential problems when convenient. Backup or standby equipment
can be brought into service during this period to minimize any disruption to the process.
In difficult financial times, the implementation of real-time equipment monitoring
solutions can maximize plant performance and availability to provide the greatest revenue for the
lowest possible operating expenditure.
The topics expounded above will assist the researcher to better understand critical loads
and develop a prototype that would help prevent their failures to maximize performance and
availability, improve critical load performance with predictive fault detection, and reduce
operational and maintenance costs.
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Ship Grounding and Safety

Brighthub Engineering (2015) claims that before delving into ship grounding you should
have a basic understanding of the concept. In shore we use 3-phase 4-wire systems, in which 3
wires are representing each phase and 4th wire is neutral which carries the return current. The
neutral is earthed at many places for the safety of human beings against shocks. If any conductor
carrying current has its insulation failure, then if the conductor comes in contact with the metal
enclosure part of the machinery, then it may cause voltage accumulation, leading to shock to
human beings which are highly fatal. Thus, to maintain the safety of human beings against the
accidents due to circuit failures, the neutral is earthed at various places like transformers,
distribution substations, etc. This makes the equipment to automatically get out of supply by
tripping the protection devices.
Alcano (2013) believes that the requirement ashore is the safety of human beings. So, in
order to prevent human-electrical accidents, the neutral is earthed. The priority is neither the safety
of the machinery nor the continuous necessary operation of the machinery. But the scenario
onboard ship is totally different. The priority is the continuous operation of the machineries which
are classed "essential". The distribution system followed onboard is "insulated neutral" system.
The main priority onboard is the safety of ship which includes navigation & fire safety, etc. If due
to earth fault, the machinery classed as essential gets isolated, say for eg: steering gear, then the
safety of ship is at question, which may lead to collision, grounding, fire and pollution.
A study about the use of shore-side power for Ocean vessels (Giong, 2009) explains that
shore-power is only used when a ship is at berth or hoteling. When a ship is hoteling, the main
propulsion engine is turned off while the auxiliary engines and boilers continue to operate.
Electricity produced by the auxiliary engines along with steam from boilers are required
to operate critical equipment such as fuel heating, lighting, ventilation, refrigeration, pumps,
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communications and other critical on-board equipment, to maintain essential function and safety
of the ship. Depending on the type and size of cargo and ship, hoteling time can range from
several hours to several days. It should be noted that the use of shore-power does not completely
eliminate the air emissions because steam generated by the on-board boiler is still needed for
ships operation at berth. Air emissions are generated from operation of the on-board boiler.
However, the use of shore-side power does eliminate the need to run the auxiliary
engines and eliminates air emissions associated with the burning of marine fuels at berth. The
actual emissions reduced depend on the type of engine and engine technology, and the type of
fuel that is being burned.
Another paper about shore-side electricity for ships (Belati, 2008) claims that sea
transport has some obvious environmental benefits compared to land-based transport modes,
including the small needs for infrastructure, low barrier and congestion effects, and low noise
pollution. One measure aimed at reducing ship emissions in ports is to provide ships in ports
with shore-side electricity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the practicalities, costs
and benefits of switching from onboard ship generated electricity to shore-side electricity
connections, and also to investigate for which type of sea transport systems such measure may be
relevant.
Furthermore, the direct cost for onboard generating of electricity has been compared to
the costs of supplying power from the shore-side electricity system. Onboard power has been
calculated for two types of diesel electric generation: the burning of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and
the burning of Marine Gas Oil (MGO). Today, three commercial shipping lines operating the
North Sea are using shore power connections in ports. Some more vessels, such as the Stena
The related studies and literature presented above were very vital for the researcher to
conceptualize the design of the project for grounding and safety of ships and vessels. The inputs
obtained from each references were very significant as these helped the researcher apply the
technicalities and engineering aspects of the proposed electrical back-up system.
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Unit III
Methods and Procedures
This unit presents the methods and procedures utilized for this project. This will discuss
the relevant parameters used for the design, development, and evaluation of the proposed
electrical back-up system design for critical loads of M/V Stim Star Angola vessel. Analysis of
data gathered as well as computation and other technical considerations will be provided in order
to meet the requirements for the proposed system.
Research Design
This study was a research and development project. It is a technical work undertaken
systematically to broaden the knowledge on electrical back-up system. Researching was the first
part of the study in which the researcher did an extensive exploration about the vessel to be
studied, its existing electrical layout, and an analysis of other existing vessel that used stand-by
generators for supporting critical loads.
Parameters were identified and examined. Essential literatures and readings were
assessed and included for the sake of the reader to have additional knowledge of the study. The
study was a development project because it was intended to improve the existing electrical
system of M/V Stim Star Angola vessel. A prototype was made through the suggested processes
and presented by the researcher to propose the project. Therefore, it was indeed a research and
development project due to the fact that the study itself aimed to make an enhancement in the
present electrical system of the vessel.
Research Environment
A systematic method was employed in order to make this project design successful. A span
of almost two (2) semesters from June 2015 to February 2016 was used by the researcher in
order to finish the study.
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In order to meet the requirements for the design, computations, and fabrication process of the
proposed electrical system, the researcher decided to mainly conduct most of the analysis inside
the M/V Stim Star Stimulation Vessel.
The researcher search for the necessary information of the vessel through extensively
studying its current electrical system. This electrical system is powering almost all the equipment
and other departments like the vessels control system, air-conditioning and lightings that is why
it is very important to have a thorough analysis of the existing electrical layout.
Procedures
Data gathering and analysis. The use of the e-thesis, internet, books, e-books,
instructional materials from EE professors and PDFs were done by the student researcher so as
to gather sufficient and relevant data in particular to achieving the objectives of the project.
These articles and studies about electrical system design served as the main sources of theoretical
and conceptual design.
In addition, knowledge and learning from the previous discussions on electrical
engineering were added to the data, information, discussion, mathematical computation, and
analysis presented in this study.
The existing electrical system layout of M/V Stim Star Angola Vessel was also gathered
and analyzed to identify the connections of the loads to be supplied by the stand-by generator.
Electrical back-up system design. Accumulation of the modules that are to be used and
critically investigating them based on their specifications were done in this stage.
Designation of the proposed back-up system and the stand-by generator to be installed
with the consideration of the critical loads were also used to develop the block diagram. The
design includes the optimization of the number of generators or diesel engine to be operated in
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stand-by mode. The system design also includes the wiring system and location of the equipment
being designed. Preparation of the system flowchart was also done.
Circuit design. The schematic of the back-up system should coincide with the proper
computation of the total power rating of the critical loads to be supported by the back-up system.
In this stage, the analysis of the schematic diagram of the prototype was executed. This
included the sketch of the diagram and the electric and electronic components that were used. It
also discussed the different computations made for the stability of the device such as the
generators rating and critical loads. PEC conformance was also observed during this stage.
Prototype Fabrication. Performing the fabrication processes used such layouting,
etching (if necessary), soldering of components and system assembly with casing. The designed
layout of the back-up system was also fabricated with the use of the selected materials and
components. Then, the final output of electrical back-up system prototype was directed for
testing and evaluation.
Evaluation. The prototype was tested in order to validate its functionality and reliability
as a proposed electrical back-up system design for Critical Loads of M/V Stim Star Angola.
The researcher asked the help of the technical experts who evaluated the prototype in
finding how usable and reliable it is. A total of 17 technical respondents, composed of 11
certified technicians and 6 electrical engineers evaluated the system according to three different
criteria. The system was then tested in front of the respondents to view the actual set up of the
prototype. A modified Likert scale in Table 1 was used to analyze and interpret the results. The
weighted mean was computed using the formula:
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where,
WM = Weighted Mean
fn = number of responses
F = total number of respondents
Table 1
Modified Likert Scale
Design Concepts
Fundamental knowledge in Electrical Engineering subjects was very vital for the
research, analysis and development of the project. The technical and theoretical capabilities and
work skills and potential of the researcher also helped a lot in the total output of the project.
Related subjects include circuit theory which helped on the selection of electronics
components and electrical parameters such as voltage, power, and current rating; AC generators
which provided the researcher the initial knowledge on the analysis of the existing electrical
back-up system design of the vessel; and power generation which supplied the basic principle on
how to support the critical loads.
Moreover, the inputs learned from electrical system design and wiring helped in
conceptualizing the layout for this proposed system. Since the vessel is equipped with several
electrically-powered devices and units, the researcher was able to identify the power
considerations to be supplied to the critical loads.
It should be pointed out that mathematical computations were also vital to complete the
system design. The computed values were used to develop an efficient and well-managed
electrical back-up system for critical loads of M/V Stim Star Angola vessel.
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Unit IV
Results and Discussion
This will supply readers the furthermost discussion on the proposed electrical back-up
system design for critical loads of M/V Stim Star Angola vessel. Results, analyses, detailed
computation, and other technical considerations will be presented to enhance the readers
knowledge of the project. Cost estimates and program of works will also be discussed to ensure
that the project is beneficial as well as economical.
Data Gathering and Analysis

In order to determine the issues and cases that happened inside the M/V Stim Star Angola
Well Stimulation Vessel, the researcher has gathered relevant data and information from the
vessels company webpage and also analyzed the existing electrical distribution layout of the
power management system of the vessel.
Structure of M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel. M/V Stim Star Angola
Well Stimulation Vessel is an international well stimulator for different oil fields servicing in
Angola. It has different main machineries comprised of ten (10) pumps and 100 hp motors and
three (3) 1200 kVA AC generators. The generators were operated by a C32 Caterpillar Diesel
Engine at a maximum speed of 2300 rpm and normal operating speed of 1900 rpm. At normal
operating speed, the vessel consumes 71.37 gal/hr.
The average daily power consumption of the vessel is 500 hp and a single GE AC
generator produces 1608 hp enough to power all the 500 hp required.
The physical structure of the vessel is enough to accommodate large number of oil tanks
and containers. It has a total length of 241 ft and total beam length of 54 ft. Its main engine
power operates at 6,570 hp.
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Total Length (ft): 241

Total beam (ft): 54
Main engine power (hp): 6,570
Cruising speed (kts): 14
Figure 2. Physical structure of M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation Vessel
Analysis of the Existing Electrical Distribution. The vessel has two shaft generators
and two auxiliary generators that are supported by two switch boards. Shaft generators are
connected to separate bus bars, connected with BT4 as shown in the Figure 3. It is also presented
in the figure that the two bus bars (or switchboards) are connected with two link breakers.
Figure 3. Electrical distribution layout of the existing power management system.
30
The generators can be started and stopped from the operator menu by clicking direct on
the engine. Each generator breaker, tiebreakers, and link breakers between shaft and auxiliary
switchboard has synchroniser. It is only possible to close breakers manually from the integrated
automation system (IAS) when you have deadbus on one of the sides of the breaker.
Auxiliary generators DG1 and DG2 are the generators to be continuously running in
parallel. Shaft generators can be running in short time parallel. There will be no load sharing
between the generators.
The shaft generators could be used in normal for power generation of electrical power
distribution. The shaft generators should only be used when scana is locked. When FiFi pumps
are used, there may be necessary to reserve power to avoid overloading the diesel.
M/V Stim Star Angola suffers from low power supply due to the powering of the
stimulation operation. At the same time, the existing electrical system cannot sustain the power
requirements of the navigation system, lightings, and other critical loads.
Therefore, an electrical back-up system design should be employed in order to support
the power requirements. This will also keep the power of the critical loads and the vessel in
normal operation.
Electrical Back-up System Design
The proposed system will utilize a 60-Hz, 14-V centralized back-up generator to support
the loads to be shown in the prototype design.
Block Diagram. Since the researcher has delimited the loads to navigation area, airconditioned motor, lightning outlets, and convenience outlet, the connection of the centralized
back-up generator will be easily employed in this system. A backup generator is required as the
central component of the proposed system as shown in Figure 4.
31
Installation of the generator is needed to provide emergency power to support the critical
loads in the event of power failure and outage.
If approved, the proposed 250 kilowatt (kW) generator will be housed within a new 13
metre (m) by 17 m fenced area. Installation of the generator and associated facilities will be
within the boundaries of the approved site located in M/V Stim Star Angola Well Stimulation
Vessel. Due to the small size of the generator and infrequent usage, no environmental impacts
are anticipated.
Navigation
Area
Lightning
Outlets
BACK-UP
GENERATOR
AirConditioned
Motor
Convenience
Outlet
Figure 4. Block diagram of the proposed system.

System flowchart. Figure 5 illustrates the process flow of the designed system. The
mechanical energy from the motor was utilized to drive the alternator for it to produce electrical
energy in the form of alternating current.
The alternating current was then converted to a pulsating direct current via rectifier and
then regulated up to 14 V through an L9407F regulator IC. When the DC voltage is regulated, it
is then directed to the circuit of the prototype to support the representing critical loads such as
32
the fan for the air-conditioned motor, pilot lights for the lightning outlets and navigation areas,
and the outlet for the convenience units.
The process flow of the prototype is designed in accordance with the need to operate the
critical loads using a centralized alternator. Each component was utilized to correctly operate in
the system.
Figure 5. System flowchart.

Circuit Design
The circuit design of the prototype is composed of individually different circuit in terms
of function used for the construction of the prototype, the specification and computation for the
components needed to build the prototype.
Schematic Diagram. The schematic diagram in Figure 6 presents the interconnection of
the components used for the prototype. Two auxiliary ammeters were used to monitor the current
flowing through the pilot lights while a main ammeter and a voltmeter were also employed to
observe the current and voltage flowing through the whole circuitry of the prototype.
33
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the loads of the prototype.

Regulator IC. The L9407F is a monolithic multifunction alternator voltage regulator. It
includes the control section, the field power stage, fault diagnostic circuit which drives a warning
lamp, and the protection against short circuits of the alternator of this prototype.
As seen Figure 7, there is no need for any external components in order to use this
regulator.
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the IC regulator of the alternator.

The alternator voltage is compared with a reference voltage in an amplifier, whose output
determines the switching frequency of output power MOS whose current excites the coil of the
34
alternator; as the regulators are a self-oscillating type this frequency depends on the whole
system parameter set including the alternator characteristics.
The main features of voltage regulator to the prototype are: low side field driver, thermal
protection, field short circuit protection, protected diagnostic lamp driver, protected high side
relay driver, complex diagnostics, load response control, DFM output.
Design Computations. The design computations include the design factors that are
considered to attain the design. The following computations are given below:
Determination of Total Load. In order to determine the total critical load power to be
supported by the proposed electrical backup system, the researcher has calculated the power
requirements for each of the main areas of the vessel to be supported by the back-up system. This
includes the navigation area, air-conditioned motor, lightning outlets, and convenience outlet.
The materials used for electrical machines, switchgear cables and other equipment shall
be resistant to sea air containing moisture and salt, seawater and oil vapours. They shall not be
hygroscopic and shall be flame-retardant and self-extinguishing.
If the vessel is subdivided into main fire zones, at least two electric circuits, each of them
with its own supply cable shall be provided for the lighting in each main fire zone. One circuit
may be supplied from the emergency switchboard if this is continuously supplied. The supply
cables shall be so arranged that in the event of a fire in one main fire zone the lighting is
maintained in the other zones.
Lightning Outlets. The lightning outlet computation is presented below:
Anchor Light .25/hour X 10 hours = 2.5 amps/night
Adler Barber Cold Plate Refrigerator & Freezer
6 amps/hour X 24 hours = 144 amps/day
35
theoretically it cycles on & off, which it does, but it still seems to take between
120 150 amps a day
Bilge Pump: 3 amps/hour X 5 minutes + .25/day
Sensibulb LED Interior Lights:
avg 3 lights on for 3 hours each = .20 amps/hour X 9 = 2 amps/day
Navigation System. For the navigation system, the computation are as follows:
6 amps transmit/ .5 amps receive 12 hours
6 amps + 10 minutes talk time = 1 amp = 7 amps total
SSB Radio: 1 hour receive @ 3 amps/10 minutes
talk time @ 30 amps = 8 amps total
NOTE: Both radios are different based on whether were using low power or high
power, these are just guesstimate averages
Convenience system. To determine the average current to be supplied for the convenience
system, we have:
Coffee Pot: 6 cups of coffee 3 amps each (including the inverter) = 18 amps
Cabin Fans: 2 amps/hour X 2 hours each or 4 hours = 8 amps
obviously if its hot and we run the pullman berth fan all night we use 20 amps,
we probably need to replace these fans with more energy efficient fans.
Laptop Computer: 2 hours/day 5 amps/hour = 10 amps
Printer: 10 minutes/day at .35/hour
Charging Stuff (from phones to drills to handheld VHFs etc):
5 amps/day average
Therefore, an average of over 200 amps a day will be supported by the electrical back-up
system.
36
Generator design computation. It is assumed that a 14-V generator is needed to supply

the load in this prototype. Hence, it is given to change the 14 volts to a negative 14 volts to
account for Lenz's law.
So with the use of a little algebra,
N = -1 * (-V/ change in (( tesla * area meters squared)/ seconds))
Thus, V = 14.
Tesla Computation. Identify how much Gauss or tesla the permanent magnet is rated for.
This will give something to work with because each winding will have a distance from the
magnet that will determine the gauss or tesla that, that winding will be cutting through. The
shape of the magnet plus the design of the coil and the value to draw the flux through the coil
will all determine the average gauss or tesla to be used in the formula.
The magnet used in the generator is rated for 6325 Gauss and half of that will be used so
3162 Gauss. To convert it to Teslsa, we have:
10,000 gauss = 1 tesla
3162/10000 = .3162 tesla
Tesla = .3162
Magnets area. To figure the meters squared, we have a 2" by 1" magnet. So, convert
meters square to inches square. One square meter is 1,550.0031 inches square. M
1,550.0031 = one meter square
2/1,550.0031 = .00129 meters squared (more or less)
Meters squared = .00129
Generator speed. A 5 turns per second, which gives 300 RPM. If a good blade design is
assumed, 300 RPM in 3 to 5 mile winds will be utilized.
37
5 turns per second gives one turn every .2 seconds

seconds = .2
This gives the formula:
N = -1 * (-14/ (( .3162 * .00129)/ .2))
N = -1 * (-14/(.000407898/.2))
N = -1 * (-14/.00203949)
N = -1 * - 6864.5
N = 6864.5
Therefore, 6864.5 windings are needed for the generator to produce a voltage output of
14 V. Furthermore, since the prototype will utilize a generator as one of its primary components,
PEC article 2.50.2.15 on portable and vehicle-mounted generators is very essential. It discussed
that the frame of a portable generator shall not be required to be connected to a grounding
electrode as defined in 2.50.3.3 for a system supplied by the generator.
Pilot lights selection. The selection of the pilot light used in the prototype was conformed
in accordance with PEC article 5.20.4.4. Section G states that a pilot light shall be provided
within the enclosure and shall be connected to the circuit supplying the board so that the opening
of the master switch does not cut off the supply to the lamp. This lamp shall be on an individual
branch circuit having overcurrent protection rated or set at not over 15 amperes.
Conductor sizing. PEC mandates that conductors from generator terminals that meet the
size requirement in 4.45.1.13 shall be permitted to be protected against overload by the generator
overload protective device(s) required by 4.45.1.12.
Article 2.40.2.3 on grounded conductor states that no overcurrent device shall be
connected in series with any conductor that is intentionally grounded, unless one of the following
two conditions is met: (1) The overcurrent device opens all conductors of the circuit, including
38
the grounded conductor, and is designed so that no pole can operate independently; and (2)
where required by 4.30.3.6 or 4.30.3.7 for motor overload protection.
Another conformed article is 2.40.2.4 which talked about the change in size of grounded
conductor. Where a change occurs in the size of the ungrounded conductor, a similar change
shall be permitted to be made in the size of the grounded conductor.
Enclosure design considerations. When the device is fabricated, the enclosures has
conformed with article 2.40.3 which generally assumed that protection from physical damage is
when overcurrent devices shall be protected from physical damage by one of the following: (1)
Installation in enclosures, cabinets, cutout boxes, or equipment assemblies, and (2) Mounting on
open-type switchboards, panel boards, or control boards that are in rooms or enclosures free from
dampness and easily ignitable material and are accessible only to qualified personnel.
Prototype Fabrication
In this stage, the selection of necessary materials and components were done. To
fabricate the prototype, the following considerations and procedures were also performed.
Specification of components. These are the components used in the fabrication of the
prototype including the specifications of each component.
Pilot lights. Ten pieces of light indicating devices were used with a voltage rating at 12 V
and current rating at 25 mA.
Ammeter. Two DC ammeters were used to read the ampere values of the pilot lights with
a maximum reading of 10 A. The main ammeter, on the other hand is rated 30 A.
Voltmeter. A 30-V DC voltmeter was also utilized to read the voltage measurement
flowing in the prototypes circuit.
Fan. A brushless motor fan was used to represent as the air conditioning unit of the
prototype. It operated a 12 V DC and 0.80 A voltage and current ratings.
39
Regulator IC. A regulator IC L9407F was used to produce a regulated output voltage of
12 V with an input voltage of 14 V.
Rectifier. A IN4007 diode serves as the rectifying component of the prototype operated at
a power rating of 3 watts.
Prototype fabrication process. The connection and assembly process in completing the
prototype is presented below:
Figure 8. Lights in parallel connection.

Lights were connected in parallel as shown in Figure 8. It is also ensured that no open
wires and unnecessary conducting materials were present to avoid short circuit.
(a)
Figure 9. Ammeter and voltmeter assembly.
(b)
(c)
40
Holes were created and the two ammeters, one voltmeter and the loads were placed as
shown in Figures 9 (b) and 9 (c). The loads and measuring devices were then wired according to
the diagram. Seating of the lights together with the ammeters into the board was followed.
Figure 10. Soldering procedures.

Afterwards, the voltmeter, ammeter, and the brushless fan were soldered accordingly as
presented in Figure 10.
Figure 11. Regulator IC and diode rectifier.

Inside the alternator, the regulator IC and diode rectifier were placed as illustrated in
Figure 11. Then, the voltage and current of the alternator were checked. Consequently, the
alternator was wired and its electrical parameters were measured and verified.
41
Figure 12. Motor and alternator into the base.

Finally, the motor and alternator were placed into the platform by fixing it at the back of
the base as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 13. Final output.

The final output in Figure 13 was tested and evaluated to check its functions and
reliability as an electrical back-up system prototype.
Table 2 below summarizes the total cost of the prototype which is Php 9,940.00.
Amounts are based on the standard price used in the market. The alternator was the main
component used in the assembly of the generator design. It has procured together with the
42
auxiliary components such as the 1-HP Motor, Pilot LED lights, 2-Gang Convenience Outlet,
and Brushless DC Fan as these represented the critical load models.
An ammeter and a voltmeter were utilized to measure the current and voltage output,
respectively. The whiteboard and marine wood were used to create the platform of the prototype.
Table 2
Alternator
UNIT
PRICE
4,000.00
NUMBER OF
ITEMS
1
TOTAL
PRICE
4,000.00
IC Alternator Regulator
450.00
4500.00
1-HP Motor
2000.00
200.00
Pilot LED lights
120.00
10
1200.00
2-Gang Convenience Outlet
35.00
35.00
Brushless DC Fan
350.00
350.00
Terminal Block
80.00
80.00
Ammeter
300.00
900.00
Voltmeter
300.00
360.00
Wires
50.00
600.00
Whiteboard
375.00
350.00
Marine Wood
200.00
400.00
ITEM NAME
Total Price:
9,940.00
Project Timeline
Table 3 indicates the project timeline of the study. As stated the project started with the
conceptualization of the project study. It was followed by the data gathering about electrical
back-up systems and relevant local and foreign studies. The prototype was introduced by the
process circuit and system designing.
It was finished with troubleshooting, testing and validation. The timeline was ended with
finalizing the cost of the project.
43
Table 3
Timeline of the project
PATH
ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
DURATION
Project Study Conceptualization
Data Gathering
Extensive Research and Inquiry Works
Documentation
Documentation of Location Enquiry
Editing and Modification of Official papers
Circuit and System Designing
14
Lay-outing of Components
Soldering of Electrical Components
Assembly of System Elements
Fabricating Electrical Back-up System Design
10
Troubleshooting, Testing and Validation
14
Final Revisions
10
Evaluation
Budgeting the Costs
Finalizing the Costs
Project Study Successfully Completed
c
d
e
f
i
s
k
l
m
n
p
o
q
r
h
44
Figure 14 shows the PERT/CPM diagram of the entire project study. The identified
critical path was 114 days. These one hundred fourteen (114) days were composed of Project
Study Conceptualization, Data Gathering, Circuit and System Designing, Lay-outing, Soldering
of Electrical Components, Assembly of System Elements, Fabricating Electrical Back-up System
Design, Troubleshooting, Testing and Validation, Evaluation and Project Study Successfully
Figure 14. PERT/CPM
Critical Path = 114 days
Completed.
Evaluation
To evaluate the prototypes performance and its function and reliability, the following
evaluation measures were done.
Prototype Testing. The prototype was tested in order to validate its functionality and
reliability as a proposed electrical back-up system design for Critical Loads of M/V Stim Star
Angola.
Figure 15. Working prototype.

Figure 15 displays a working prototype forwarded for testing and evaluation. As the
alternating generator is turned on, a 14 V voltage and 12 A current was produced to operate the
device as illustrated. This accurately conforms with the design calculation of the alternator to
generate an output voltage of 14 V. Also, this justified that the designed system efficiently
responded and performed as a back-up electrical structure to supply the loads.
It is also seen that all representing critical loads such as the pilot lights and fan were in
normal operation when the alternator is switched on as confirmed by the auxiliary ammeters.
45
46
Survey Results. The researchers sought the help of the technical experts who evaluated
the prototype in finding how usable, and reliable it was. A total of 17 technical respondents,
composed of 11 certified technicians and 6 electrical engineers, were asked to evaluate the
system according to the different criteria.
The system was tested in front of the respondents to view the actual set up of the
prototype. Modified Likert scale was used to analyze the results.
Functionality Survey Results. A total of 13 experts confirmed that the alternating
generator exactly produces electrical energy to operate the prototype and support the loads as
shown in Table 4. In addition, 15 of them strongly said that the system performs as a back-up
electrical structure of the loads of the prototype since this provides an accurate voltage and
current values as strongly attested by 14 of the experts.
Lastly, strongly 16 justified that the system operates in an efficient manner in terms of
power consumption. Functionality test results showed that a prototype, using an alternating
generator, employed in the electrical back-up system has been successfully constructed.
Reliability Survey Results. Reliability survey results, on the other hand, confirmed that
the layout plans employed in the electrical back-up system of the prototype made the device to
respond correctly for long-term usage as strongly attested by 14 of the technical respondents as
presented in Table 5.
This is also strongly true for the 16 respondents who proved that the system responds as
an electrical back-up system with 12 of them strongly justifying that the device is designed to
last for long term use. Also, 11 respondents strongly agreed that the system design supports
modifications or upgrades for additional features of the prototype.
The survey indicates that the prototype is working properly as designed. The positive
feedback from the respondents clearly showed that it met the criteria on how should it function.
47
Table 4
Summary of functionality survey results
1. The alternating generator

exactly produces electrical
energy to operate the prototype.
2. The system performs as a
back-up electrical structure of
the loads of the prototype.
3. The system provides an
accurate voltage and current
values.
4. The system operates in an
efficient manner in terms of
power consumption.
Strongly
Agree
(5)
Agree
(4)
Uncertain
(3)
Moderately
Agree (2)
Total
Total
Total
Total
Disagree
(1)
Total
Weighted
Mean
13
4.7647
15
4.8823
4.8235
14
16
4.9412
Strongly
Agree
(5)
Total
Agree
(4)
Total
Uncertain
(3)
Total
Moderately
Agree (2)
Total
Disagree
(1)
Total
16
4.9418
12
4.6471
16
4.9412
11
4.706
Table 5
Summary of reliability survey results
1.
2.
3.
4.
The system responds as an

The device is designed to
last for long term use.
The layout plan correctly is
employed in the prototype
design.
The system design supports
modifications or upgrades
for additional features.
Weighted
Mean
Summary of Findings
After all the results and analyses were discussed, the following findings were deduced:
1. Electrical back-up system considered the use of an alternating generator (alternator) as
the central device of the system. The main factor considered in the alternator design is the
number of windings needed for the generator to produce a 14-V voltage output.
48
2. In designing the circuit, the total load to be supported by the prototype was determined
and calculated. Also, the schematic diagrams of the regulator IC and the alternator were
given prior attentions before completing the circuitry of the prototype.
3. During the fabrication of the prototype, proper safety and grounding was observed. Most
of the design computations were based on the theories and concepts of electrical
engineering while the technical considerations were in accordance with the standards and
provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code.
4. Testing results showed that the stand-by alternating generator to be employed in the
electrical back-up system has been successfully designed. Reliability survey results on
the other hand confirmed that the layout plan correctly is employed in the prototype
design while functionality survey results justified that the system operates in an efficient
manner in terms of power consumption. Among all the parameters tested, the highest
obtained mean was 4.94 confirming that the system responds as an electrical back-up
system.
49
Unit V
Conclusions and Recommendations
This presents the deduced analysis of the results and findings of the study with reference
to the objectives of the proposed electrical back-up system. This will also offer the
generalizations obtained regarding the project study and further recommendations made by the
research proponent.
Conclusions
Generally, the researcher has concluded that:
1. The electrical back-up system was able to support the critical loads represented in the
prototype such as navigation area, air-conditioned motor, lightning outlets, and
convenience outlet. Hence, it is feasible to utilize the proposed electrical back-up system
as this will sustain the power requirements of the critical loads of the prototype.
2. The designed circuit has utilized a centralized back-up generator which generates a 14-V
voltage output. This was used to provide power to the loads when power interruption and
failure occurred. Also, a stand-by alternating generator to be employed in the electrical
back-up system was successfully designed.
3. The fabricated prototype has observed proper safety and grounding as mandated by the
Philippine Electrical Code. Material specifications were also correctly selected in order to
operate the prototype according to its purpose and function.
4. Testing results showed that back-up generator performed its significant task to power the
loads for the electrical back-up system prototype. Survey results confirmed that the
overall performance of the prototype in terms of functionality and reliability was highly
commended.
50
Recommendations
To further improve the utilization of the prototype, the following recommendations were
presented:
1. Higher voltage output values of the alternating generator and more types of critical loads
must be utilized in order to determine if the prototype can accurately and efficiently
function as an electrical back-up system. This is also to maximize the use of the proposed
2. The researcher also recommends providing an additional feature such as a centralized
monitoring system that will monitor the operation of the electrical back-up system
prototype.
3. The researcher also suggests to consider, in further prototype design, the type of
generator used and the location and any required enclosures. This will enhance the
flexibility of the prototype for other types of applications as an electrical back-up system.
4. For future researchers, the number of phases and power factor should also be considered
in order to accommodate other types of critical loads such as three-phase equipment and
devices. Controls and related switchgear of the generator must also be added to further
increase the durability and usage of the prototype.
51
References
Belati, E. (2014). Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Nodal Technical Losses Evaluation in Power
Transmission Systems. Int Trans Electrical Energy System, 24: pages 17885
Costa, G. (2008). Transmission loss allocation based on optimal power flow and
sensitivity analysis. Int J Electr Power Energy System, pages 291-296
Cousins, T. (2010). Advanced Monitoring of Critical Electrical Loads. TLC Engineering
Solutions Prioritized Backup Power System, pages 2-10
Engelhardt, S. (2011). Reactive power capability of Wind Turbines Based on Doubly Fed
Induction Generators. IEEE Trans Energy Convers, 26: pages 36472
Forbes, H. (2008). Wireless Condition Monitoring Arrives (and Just in Time), Power
Engineering. A. Sumper, A. Baggini (2012), Electrical Energy Efficiency, 5-22
Kiameh, P. (2013). Electrical Equipment Handbook: Troubleshooting and Maintenance.
McGraw-Hill Professional
Kruckenberg, J. (2015). Texas Instruments Analog Design. The Ohio State University
Short-Side Electricity, Retrieved from http://www.mariterm.se/download/
Lund, T., Srensen, P., Eek, J. (2009). Reactive Power Capability of a Wind Turbine With
Doubly Fed Induction Generator. Wind Energy, 10th Edition, pages 37994
Mechefske, C. K. (2010). Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnostics, Vibration
and ShockHandbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 23-35
Murari, A. (2014). Study of Transmission System With Wind Power Control and
Optimal Reactive Power Flow. Przeglad Elektrotech
Mohd, M. and Adbdul, M.H. (2004). Basic Design Aspects of Micro Hydropower Plant and its
Potential Development. IEEE Publication 2004 Edition
52
Rosa, W., Belati, E. (2014). First-Order sensitivity Applied in Power Distribution System.
Przeglad Elektrotechniczny; page 7
Slootweg, J.G., Polinder, H., Kling, W.L. (2010). Dynamic modelling of a wind turbine with
doubly fed induction generator. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, Vol. 1;
page 6449
Wang, L. and Gao, R. X.(2011). Condition Monitoring and Control of Intelligent Manufacturing.
Springer-Verlag, London, 12-159
53
Appendices
Appendix A
Sample Survey Questionnaire for Evaluation
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
A Proposed Electrical Back-up System Design for Critical Loads of M/V Stim Star Angola
Survey Questionnaire for Evaluation
I. Demographic Profile:
Name:
Date:
Profession:
Engineer
Technician
Others (Please specify)
II. Please evaluate the prototype according to the following criteria. Kindly put a check on
the space provided for your answer.
Functionality Questions:
1. The alternating generator exactly produce electrical energy to operate the prototype.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Very Effective
Effective
Moderately Effective
Not Effective
-It is an accurate device to produce electrical energy.

-It is a reliable device
-It functions with minimal error.
-It is a device which is not functioning
1
2. The system perform as a back-up electrical structure of the loads of the prototype.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Moderately Agree
Disagree
-It is an accurate back-up system of the prototype.

-It is a reliable system for some loads.
-It functions with minimal error
-It is a system which is not functioning
1
3. The system provide an accurate voltage and current values.
1. Strongly Agree
and current values.
54
-It is an accurate device that generates correct voltage
2. Agree
-It is a reliable device that determines a change in
current and voltage values.
3. Moderately Agree
-It is a device that functions with minimal error
4. Disagree
-It does not function and is not accurate

1
Reliability Questions:
1. The system operate in an efficient manner in terms of power consumption.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Moderately Agree
Disagree
- It is a system that operates very efficient.

- It is a system that operates efficiently.
- It is a system with acceptable power efficiency rating.
- It is not efficient in terms of power consumption.
1
2. The system design support modifications or upgrades for additional features.

1. Strongly Agree
- The system is very flexible to adapt compatible upgrades.
(i.e. other critical loads)
2. Agree
- The system is upgradable but with reasonable
modification of the original system design.
3. Moderately Agree
- The system will need a lot of parts to be replaced and the
original design will be changed.
4. Disagree
- The system is not upgradable.

1
3. The prototype perform its task efficiently as an electrical back-up system.

1. Strongly Agree
- The system is very satisfying.
2. Agree
3. Moderately Agree
4. Disagree
55
- The system is reliable.

- The system functions with slightest errors.
- The system is not effective.
1
4. The layout plan correctly employed in the prototype design.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Strongly Agree
Agree
Moderately Agree
Disagree
- The layout is correctly employed and functions well.

- The layout is understandable.
- The layout is understandable with minimum difficulty.
- The layout is very hard to understand.
1
Summary: What are the necessary measures offered by the respondents to improve the
Quality/Effectiveness of this prototype?
56
Appendix B
Parts of Regulator
57
Appendix C
Sample Regulator Specifications
58
Appendix D
Alternator Data Sheet
59
60
Curriculum Vitae
MARCIAL OLIVA NONATO

Email: marcial.nonato@yahoo.com.ph
Mobile phone: 00639207596921
00639175860909
Home address: Block 1, lot 15.
Metropark Village, Daet
Camarines Norte
Philippines
Date of Birth: September 25, 1972
Fathers Name: Gabriel G. Nonato Sr.
Mothers Name: Gloria Oliva - Nonato
Career History
2012 to 2015
Halliburton Angola
Electronic Technician ll
M/V Stim Star Angola
2006 to 2012
Halliburton Qatar
Electronic Technician l
M/V Halliburton 301
M/V Falcon Tide
2004 to 2005
Halliburton Saudi Arabia

Electronic Technician
(Third party contractor)
1998 to 2004
Welcome Export Inc. Philippines

Electrical/Electronic Maintenance
1992 to 1997
Faith Builder Inc. Philippines

Building Electrician
Competencies
Maintain and repair electronics equipment used in data acquisition such as; unipro ll, ACE,
ARC, MC ll, PLC, IFS, etc.
Maintain and repair Unipro ll, DPU units and other electronics equipments
Repair auto electrical System
Installation of VDO KIENZLE
Installation of electrical wiring of container control house
Installation of network cables & equipments
Electrical wiring installation
Maintain Electrical Motor control and wirings
Computer Knowledge in Microsoft Office, Word, Excel, Power Point
Relevant Trainings to Current Role
Practical Electricity
Industrial Electricity
Consumer Electronics
Caterpillar Electronic Technician
Automatic Control Equipment
Programmable Logic Control
Qualifications
Tertiary
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

2015 Present Granted Autonomous Status 2009 - 2013
Site Village, Lucena City, Philippines
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (ETEEAP)
Level 1 PACUCOA Accredited
Mariners Polytechnic College-Naga City
Two-year Marine Electrical & Interior Communication
Secondary
Mercedes School of Fisheries

Mercedes, Camarines Norte
Primary
Cayucyucan Elementary School

Mercedes, Camarines Norte
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Electrical Back-up System Design for Critical Loads

of M/V Stim Star Angola

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

This special project entitled

Engr. Evangeline Constantino

Dr. Benilda Villenas

Engr. Eric Tamondong

Dr. Guillermo M. Rago Jr.

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Background of the Study

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Unit II Review and related of studies and Literature

Unit III Methods and Procedures

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Unit IV Results and Discussion

Data Gathering and Analysis

Electrical Back-up System Design

Cost Estimate and Bill of Materials

Unit V Conclusion and Recommendation

Sample Survey Questionnaire for Evaluation

Sample Regulator Specifications

Alternator Data Sheet

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Modified Likert Scale

Cost Estimate and Bill of Materials

Timeline of the project

Summary of functionality survey results

Summary of reliability survey results

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Physical structure of the vessel

Existing power management system.

Schematic diagram of the loads of the prototype

Schematic diagram of the regulator IC of the alternator

Lights in parallel connection

Ammeter and voltmeter assembly

Regulator IC and diode rectifier

Motor and alternator into the base

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

In addition, an ability to handle critical loads and understand the characteristics of

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Significance of the study

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Revolution per Minute

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Back-up electrical system

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

complying with electrical safety standards.

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

Ship Grounding and Safety

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN

ELECTRICAL BACK-UP SYSTEM DESIGN