8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
RPORT 57 / LATIN AMRICA & CARIAN 28 JULY 2016
a Pre: Criminal Violence and Central American
Migration
Maive deportation from Mexico and the U.. have not topped Central American eeing endemic povert and epidemic
violence. recting more arrier and forcing migrant and refugee underground deepen the humanitarian crii - and
trengthen the illegal network turning much of Central America into a criminal attleground.
xecutive ummar
Maive deportation from Mexico and the U.. have failed to tem the tide of Central American
eeing endemic povert comined with epidemic violence. tepped up enforcement ha diverted
undocumented migration into more cotl, circuitou and dangerou channel. Criminal gang and
the corrupt of cial who enale them are the ene ciarie of a polic that force deperate people to
pa increaing um to avoid detention, extortion or kidnapping. eefed-up order control
inadvertentl fuel human muggling and forti e criminal gang that increaingl control that
indutr. Government mut guarantee thoe eeing violence the opportunit to eek alum through
fair, ef cient procedure, while launching a major regional effort to provide ecurit and economic
opportunit in home countrie. Central American leader, epeciall in the northern triangle of l
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alvador, Guatemala and Hondura, mut in turn addre chronic inecurit more effectivel while
monitoring and aiting thoe deported, epeciall children and adolecent, o the have an option
other than eeing again.
The humanitarian crii of 2014, when the U.. truggled to cope with a urge of undocumented
migrant, epeciall unaccompanied children, wa never reolved. It wa jut puhed outhward. In
cal ear 2015, Mexico returned 166,000 Central American, including ome 30,000 children and
adolecent, while the U.. deported over 75,000. ut the Mexican government’ capacit to control
the ow of migrant and refugee i reaching it limit. Man ee Mexico a their detination, not jut
the countr the cro in tranit to the U.. Alum petition have more than douled, training
capacit to proce them fairl and ef cientl. Though the acceptance rate ha increaed in 2016, it
remain inadequate to protect the men, women and children whoe live and livelihood are
threatened the criminal who dominate man impoverihed communitie.
“ eefed-up order control inadvertentl fuel human muggling and forti e criminal gang
that increaingl control that indutr. ”
Migrant from oth Mexico and the northern triangle of Central America (NTCA) region have long
ed povert to eek a etter life aroad, ending home remittance that are a major ource of foreign
exchange and a crucial prop for their home countrie’ economie. However, Mexico and the U.. treat
what i now in large part a violence-driven refugee crii a if it were till olel an economic
migration prolem. Man victimied toda economic deprivation and ocial excluion alo face
perecution organied criminal group, from neighourhood gang to trannational drug
traf cker. Forced diplacement i increaingl widepread, a violence reache civil-war level.
Aout 150,000 people have een killed in the NTCA ince 2006, an average of more than 50 homicide
per 100,000, more than triple the rate in Mexico (where killing have oared ince 2007) and more
than ten time the U.. average.
l alvador ecame the mot violent countr in the wetern hemiphere in 2015 with a taggering
murder rate of 103 per 100,000 people, while Hondura uffered 57 per 100,000 and Guatemala 30 per
100,000. Young people are the mot vulnerale to violence, a oth perpetrator and victim. The
proportion of homicide victim under age twent in l alvador and Guatemala i higher than
anwhere ele in the world. No wonder that 35,000 children and adolecent migrant were detained in
Mexico in 2015, nine time more than in 2011.
Thoe ecaping violence at home are targeted again a the ee. Ideal victim, man have relative
who can e tung for ranom pament; lacking legal tatu, the are le likel than local to report
eriou crime like aault, extortion or kidnapping. The are alo vulnerale to traf cking: the ex
indutr along the Mexican/Guatemalan order i largel driven uppl of migrant, epeciall
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8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
adolecent, ome of whom are held in virtual det ondage to traf cker. A recent tud, etimating
that for ever reported cae there were 30 hidden victim, put exuall-exploited victim in
Guatemala alone at nearl 50,000.
The Dialogue @The_Dialogue
Pat 3 r: ome 50k murdered in Northern Triangle. More homicide than #U, which ha more than
10 time pop. -@MarkLchneider #ICGReport
20 Jul 16
Guatemala ha acted againt human traf cking, including creating a pecial proecutorial unit that,
however, lack taff and reource to e effective eond the capital. Mexico ha pecialied unit to
invetigate crime againt migrant, including a new one in the federal proecutor’ of ce, ut lack of
information and reource again hamper effort. Proecutor hould work with migrant helter and
other NGO to encourage violent crime and of cial aue victim to come forward, with guarantee of
humanitarian protection and nancial aid.
The region alread ha relativel rout legal framework to protect refugee: the countrie of Central
and North America either igned the 1951 convention on refugee or it 1967 protocol and have
alum tem in place. Mexico ha een at the forefront of international effort to protect refugee:
it diplomat promoted the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugee, which expand the de nition to
thoe eeing “generalied violence”. To offer effective protection, however, capacit mut e
expanded to proce alum requet quickl and fairl. The countrie hould alo refrain when
poile from holding alum-eeker in detention, which can deter thoe mot in need – familie
and unaccompanied children – from eeking help.
1 AUGUT 2016
“Undocumented migrant make perfect victim. Fearful of authoritie, the
are highl unlikel to report even violent crime, uch a roer or rape. ”
Lo Angele Time
Mar peck
enior Analt, Mexico
Mexico cannot houlder the refugee prolem alone; genuine regional haring of reponiilit i
eential. Guatemala mut alo provide etter afet and helter to thoe in tranit and comat
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8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
human traf cking. The U.. hould tep up legal, economic, medical and pchoocial upport for
international agencie, government intitution and local NGO that work with refugee. Depite
unaahed hotilit from ome political ector to migration from Central America and Mexico, it
hould explore ringing more refugee, epeciall children, directl to the U.., o the avoid a
dangerou journe, and conider temporaril halting deportation of outh who rik ecoming
victim or memer of gang. recting more arrier and forcing migrant and refugee further
underground ha exacerated the humanitarian crii, trengthening the illegal network that have
turned much of Central America into a criminal attleground.
Recommendation
To protect the live and right of Central American migrant
To the government of Mexico:
1. Recognie that migrant, epeciall children and familie, mut not e returned
to Central American communitie where their live and freedom could e in
danger; o expand the capacit of the Commiion for Refugee Aitance
(COMAR) to evaluate alum petition, aed on the 1951 Refugee Convention
and 1984 Cartagena Declaration, a incorporated in Mexican law.
2. Work with the UN High Commiioner for Refugee (UNHCR) to implement
protocol allowing migration agent and other government of cial to eek out
thoe needing protection, epeciall in order area and migrant detention
centre.
3. Provide alternative to detention in conultation with civil ociet and
communit leader, o familie eeking refugee tatu can remain together and
vulnerale group – uch a unaccompanied minor, women and leian, ga, i-
tran- or inter-exual (LGTI) individual – receive adequate aitance and
protection.
4. Offer “Viitor for Humanitarian Reaon” tatu, commonl known a
humanitarian via, to applicant for alum, allowing them to accept formal
emploment and move freel within the countr.
5. nd the impunit of criminal and corrupt of cial who target migrant :
a. working with humanitarian agencie, helter, and other NGO to protect
migrant who have een victim of or witnee to violent crime, aue or
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corruption, encouraging them to report crime and erve a witnee and
informing them of their right to humanitarian parole and protection; and
. expanding pecial tate and federal proecutorial unit to invetigate crime
againt migrant, and working with helter and human right group to
identif victim of violent crime or of cial aue; uch unit hould alo work
cloel with tate pecial proecutor for migrant and the federal organied
crime unit, prioritiing and monitoring the invetigation of of cial corruption
and violent crime, uch a kidnapping.
To the government of Guatemala, Hondura and l alvador:
6. Provide adequate upport for and monitoring of deported migrant, epeciall
children, including ecurit and enhanced creening to identif and provide
follow-up aid to thoe needing particularl education and jo opportunitie.
7. Work with the UNHCR to etalih in-countr centre in Mexico and other tranit
and detination countrie, where thoe eeing violence can petition for refugee
recognition and e creened for third-countr reettlement.
8. xpand proecutorial capacit in Guatemala to invetigate human traf cking for
exual exploitation, epeciall in order area; and work with helter and human
right group to encourage Central American victim of traf cking network to
report aue.
9. Protect traf cking victim from involuntar deportation, providing reettlement
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
aitance and counelling when necear; and reunite children and adolecent
with their familie, if feaile, or refer them to pecialied intitution ale to
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
provide the required medical and pchoocial care.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
To the government of the U..:
10. tep up and expand in-countr proceing for refugee tatu or humanitarian
Jean-Marie
parole of Central American with protection need, particularl minor; explore
Guéhenno
accelerating the alum proce; and give adequate helter to thoe awaiting
Preident & CO
deciion.
jguehenno
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 5/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
11. Work with the UNHCR to etalih proceing centre in Mexico and Central
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
America o that thoe forcil diplaced can eek U.. refugee recognition from
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
the afet of neighouring countrie.
an effective repone.
12. Give COMAR nancial help and training, epeciall to expand regional of ce;
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
and et up moile unit along the order and migration route.
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
13. Ait Mexican authoritie and NGO with program to help integrate refugee,
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
including initiative to help them nd health care, training, emploment and
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
pchoocial upport, when necear.
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
half of the countr’ population.
14. Addre the puh factor that impel Central American to leave the northern
triangle extending upport for the Alliance for Properit for ve ear, with
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
targeted program to addre communit violence prevention, intitutional
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
reform and povert.
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
routinel violated.
15. Help regional government replicate effective communit-aed violence
prevention program, partner with the private ector to create jo and undertake
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
police and jutice ector reform like thoe exempli ed the International
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
Commiion Againt Impunit in Guatemala.
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
16. Halt deportation of undocumented outh offering Temporar Protected
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
tatu (TP) until countrie of origin have effective education and jo training
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
program; and provide reource to that end, o a to avoid ending them ack to
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
violent neighourhood where the rik forced gang recruitment.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
Mexico Cit/Guatemala Cit/ogotá/ruel, 28 Jul 2016
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
decade.
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
Preident & CO
jguehenno
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 6/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
In cal ear 2015, Mexico returned 166,000 Central American, including ome 30,000 children and adolecent, while the U..
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
deported over 75,000.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
PIXAAY/tmeier1964
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
I. Introduction
to deal with it. Thi preent dif
Guéhenno
cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
One of the world’ uiet migration corridor run from Central America through Mexico to the U..
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ome twelve million Mexican live aroad – the larget diapora in the world after India’ – alongide
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
1.5 million migrant from the countrie of the northern triangle of Central America (NTCA):
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Guatemala, Hondura and l alvador. 1 Mot of thee expatriate reide in the U.., ending
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 7/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
home remittance that provide much of the region’ foreign exchange. While Mexican migration ha
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
lowed in recent ear (with more returning than leaving), Central American migration into Mexico
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
ha urged. Man are in tranit, pulled toward the U.. the lure of famil reuni cation and the
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
hope of etter-paing jo. Increaing numer, however, a the are running from oaring criminal
Related Tag
violence that ha turned much of Central America’ northern tier into a virtual war zone in which
traf cker compete to control drug muggling route, and treet gang
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ght to dominate the retail
ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
drug trade and extortion racket.
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
Over the pat decade, aout 150,000 people have een killed in the NTCA, making the region one of
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
the world’ mot violent. l alvador had the highet murder rate in 2015: 103 per 100,000 people.
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
2 After a truce etween major gang tarted to collape in 2013, the numer hot up, douling in
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
two ear, although violence ha declined in 2016. 3 Hondura face a comination of treet gang
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
in uran area and drug traf cker along the Atlantic coat and northern order who tranport outh
olidarit that underpin the loc.
American cocaine en route to the U.. Though murder have declined over the pat two ear, the
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
remain among the world’ highet at 57 per 100,000. Youth are the mot vulnerale to violence. l
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
alvador and Guatemala, according to a 2014 tud, have the world’ highet homicide rate among
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
children and adolecent. 4
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
Guatemala ha een utained progre, with a rate that ha declined one-third ince 2009. ven
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
o, it ha 30 homicide per 100,000. On average, the three countrie uffer over 50 homicide per
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
100,000, more than triple the rate in Mexico (where killing have oared ince 2007) and more than
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
ten time the U.. average. 5 Violence i comined with pervaive povert: more than half the
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
population in Guatemala (62 per cent) and Hondura (59 per cent) and aout a third (31 per cent) in l
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
alvador live on le than $4 a da. 6
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Thi report examine one of the mot tragic human conequence of the NTCA’ ocial, intitutional
and economic failure: the maive emigration of citizen who leave not jut eeking a etter life, ut
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
in man cae to ave their live. It i aed on dozen of interview with of cial and expert in
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
Mexico and Guatemala, including with aid worker, activit and local of
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016 cial along the common
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
order. It i alo aed on tetimon of migrant themelve aout the danger in their countrie of
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
origin and on their journe. The rt ection explore condition along a hitoricall porou order,
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
the etimated dimenion of the ow of irregular migrant and refugee and the puh/pull factor
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
ehind Central American migration, including how organied crime generate forced diplacement.
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Then it look at how criminal group, including human traf cking network, exploit migrant and
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee on their wa through Guatemala and Mexico. The nal ection anale the region’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
repone to the humanitarian crii, whether through inadequate alum tem or meagre
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
protection for deported migrant. 7
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
II. The Open order
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
Central America and Mexico hare a 1,149km frontier that tretche from the Paci c Ocean to the
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Cariean ea, through ome of the region’ mot impoverihed territor, where there i little
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 8/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
infratructure or formal emploment. Part of the 956km Mexico/Guatemala order wind along two
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
narrow river, the uchiate to the outh wet and the Uumacinta further north. The remaining
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
193km follow the Rio Hondo River, which divide Mexico from elize. 8 Mexico ha four tate
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
along it outhern order, of which Chiapa i the larget and the countr’ pooret: approximatel
Related Tag
half it population urvive on dail income of le than $2.60. 9 The department on the
Guatemalan ide (an Marco, Huehuetenango, Quiché, Alta Verapaz and Petén) are alo
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
predominantl poor, uffering from high rate of extreme povert and malnutrition. 10 In oth
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
countrie, povert i mot prevalent in rural, indigenou area. The order region i largel Maa,
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
with reident on oth ide haring common native language, epeciall Mam.
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con ict and made war harder to end.
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
A. Documenting the Undocumented
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
Up to 400,000 irregular migrant cro from Central America into outhern Mexico each ear.
olidarit that underpin the loc. 11
xact numer are dif cult to determine. A network of helter, largel funded religiou and other
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
civil ociet organiation that operate along migrant route, provide ome monthl data, ut onl a
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
portion of thoe traveling north ta in helter. Another ource are the monthl numer provided
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
Mexico’ National Migration Intitute (INM in panih), which regiter all thoe detained and
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
deported. In theor, maive deportation from Mexico and the U.. – along with information
campaign in Central America aimed at diuading would-e migrant from a long, cotl and
12
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
dangerou trek north – hould e reducing the numer entering Mexico.
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
"La etia"
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
A campaign the U.. Cutom and order Protection included producing a hit ‘corrido’ (allad) aout the danger faced
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
migrant.
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 9/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
YouTue
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
The numer of undocumented migrant detained in Mexico ha oared over the pat four ear,
an effective repone.
Related Tag
however, riing to 190,366 in 2015 from 66,583 in 2011. Nearl 90 per cent of thoe detained in 2015
were from the NTCA. Increaingl the are women: 14 per cent of the total in 2011 and 24 per cent in
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
2015. Mot alarming are the large numer of undocumented NTCA migrant ounger than eighteen.
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
In 2011, Mexico apprehended ome 4,000 adolecent and children from northern Central America.
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
That roe to aout 23,000 in 2014 and nearl 35,000 in 2015. An increaing proportion are girl: 24
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
per cent in 2011 and 35 per cent in 2014. Aout half thee children were regitered a travelling
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
through Mexico unaccompanied, ie, without an adult relative or other guardian. 13
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
ome of thee numer ma repreent migrant who have made multiple attempt to enter Mexico.
olidarit that underpin the loc.
However, maive deportation – juti ed the U.. and Mexican government a necear to
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
prevent uncontrolled population movement and deter future clandetine migration – are not
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
igni cantl temming the ow. More than 80 per cent of thoe detained Mexico’ INM ince 2011
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
have een returned to countrie of origin. In 2015, uch deportation of Guatemalan, Honduran and
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
alvadoran exceeded 165,000, more than twice the numer the U.. deported to the NTCA that ear.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
14
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
Nonethele, the ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
ow continue. helter in oth Taaco and Chiapa reported that the numer of
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
migrant mid-2016 wa approaching or exceeding level een during 2014. 15 The ood train
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
Mexican authoritie’ capacit. Their larget migrant detention centre, iglo 21 in Tapachula, i uilt
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
for aout 960 ut often houe more than 1,000, according to human right activit. 16 Mexico
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
detained ten of thouand of migrant in the rt four month of 2016, including aout 54,000 adult
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
and 9,900 children. That i down 14 per cent from the ame month in 2015 ut well aove the 34,000
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
detained in the ame period of 2014. 17 Unaccompanied minor and familie declined harpl on
the U.. order in late 2014 and earl 2015 ut egan to rie again in 2016. A of June, U.. agent had
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
apprehended 196,000 irregular migrant on the outh-wet order, including nearl 56,000
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
unaccompanied children and famil memer, conideral more than the 166,000 undocumented
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
peron detained in 2015’ rt emeter, ut lower than the 285,000 in the ame 2014 period when
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
the urge wa peaking. 18
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
. verda Contraand
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
Contraand i a wa of life on the order, which in addition to eight of cial pot ha more than 50
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
unof cial vehicular croing and uncounted pedetrian pathwa. 19 Depending on variation in
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
the Mexican peo’ value and the Guatemalan quetzal’, reident muggle a variet of aic good.
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
Inner-tue raft huttle all da through the uiet croing, Ciudad Hidalgo/Tecún Umán. From
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
Mexico, the are loaded with eer and oft drink, ack of rice, carton of toilet paper and dipoale
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
diaper. From Guatemala, the carr paenger, including hopper, informal da-laourer and
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
treet vendor, who pa fteen peo (aout $0.80) to cro illegall. On a June 2016 morning, more
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 10/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
than two dozen raft poled acro the hallow river, while pare traf c ued the near pedetrian
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
and vehicular ridge that wa the of cial croing. 20
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
To the north eat, at l Ceio, a tation etween Mexico’ Taaco tate and Guatemala' Petén
department, it wa imilarl ea to pa of cial procedure on a Ma afternoon. Of ce on the
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
Guatemalan ide were in a trailer, powered a puttering generator. On the Mexican ide, newl
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
uilt immigration and cutom of ce were nearl empt. Two migration agent watched a people
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
croed a eld elow the tation and through ome jungle into Mexico. “The’re Guatemalan walking
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
to Mexico to u omething or viit famil”, one hrugged. “The could get a viitor’ pa, ut the
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
don’t other”. 21
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
For reident on oth ide, “the order doen’t exit”. 22 Migration and cutom of cial eem to
olidarit that underpin the loc.
turn a lind ee to the utling traf c and undocumented migrant who lip acro among the
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
muggler and da-laourer. Intead of policing the frontier, Mexican enforcement tighten further
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
inide Taaco and Chiapa tate, where the federal government i uilding ve cutom, migration
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
and ecurit check-point. 23 For migrant, the greatet threat are the INM moile unit, padd
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
wagon known a “volanta”. law, onl unarmed migration agent, not police, are allowed to
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
detain undocumented migrant, unle the are caught or upected of committing a crime. Police
can alo e called in for ackup, if migrant reit detention. 24
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee
Tecún Umán, Guatemala' uiet order Croing ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
In thi video, Crii Group Guatemala Analt Arturo Matute how how the inner-tue raft huttle all da through
Guatemala' uiet order croing, Tecún Umán.
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
CRII GROUP
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 11/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
In contrat to Mexico’ northern order, where traf cker have engaged in rutal turf war, the
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
outhern order i relativel peaceful. 25 ecaue it i ea to move drug through parel
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
populated, heavil foreted area, there i little need for traf cker to defend their clandetine route.
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Nor i there a large retail market for drug, defended well-armed, local treet gang. 26 The
Related Tag
ingredient that have led to criminal exploion in certain region of Mexico and Central America –
udden uppl or demand change, a competitive retail market, increaed militar or police
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
enforcement – are largel aent in outh-eatern Mexico/north-wetern Guatemala. There i no
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
need to ght for control of a porou order, aid a former Mexican intelligence of
the world’ collective capacit for con cial, where there i
ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
ample pace for competing muggler to operate quietl without drawing unnecear attention. 27
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
That tranlate into homicide rate in thee order tate or department that are elow national
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
average in Mexico and Guatemala. ome oerver, however, elieve violent crime there ma e
olidarit that underpin the loc.
everel underreported, rt, ecaue the largel indigenou population ditrut the authoritie, and
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
econdl, ecaue man victim are outider: the core of thouand or hundred of thouand of
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
undocumented migrant who cro into Mexico annuall. Fearful of detection, few migrant report
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
aault, extortion or kidnapping.
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
C. Detention or helter
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
A top INM of cial aid the intitute put a high priorit on human right protection, including
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
providing UN information on the right to alum (ee elow). Women with mall children are houed
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
apart from men; unaccompanied minor receive helter from the federal famil development agenc.
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
ut, he admitted, intitute reource were “not uf cient” to deal with the numer now croing the
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
order. Other, uch a Humerto Roque Villanueva, deput interior miniter reponile for
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
migration, alo warned Mexico wa “at the limit of our reource”. 28
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
Intead of dicouraging undocumented migrant, aid a helter director, deportation have made
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
them even more afraid of migration agent and other authoritie, forcing them onto more iolated
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
and potentiall more dangerou route. Migrant reported walking for hour along remote path from
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
the order to avoid migration authoritie. 29 What enforcement ha done, according to a helter
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict are
ict, generating further refugee
director, i “make migrant more vulnerale, more inviile, more traf ow.
cked”. Nonethele, man feel
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
not migrating i even more dangerou. “We can’t forget what ha happened in their own countrie,
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
where the ocial faric i roken. However dangerou the journe, it i afer than taing home”. More
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
familie are leaving together ecaue the are “afraid to leave their children ehind”. 30
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
Thoe who ecape detention can rel on a network of helter funded Catholic religiou order and
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
parihe. ome of the larger, uch a La 72 in Tenoique, Taaco, receive funding and ervice from
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
international agencie and NGO. Other depend on donation from local a poor a the migrant
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee
themelve. Farmer in Macupana, Taaco, et up a helter next to the chapel, along a end where ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
the cargo train tend to low down, allowing migrant to get on and off. When the helter egan in
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
2006, it gave food to perhap ten migrant at a time; 2014, it wa hoting dozen almot nightl.
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 12/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
Man now arrive after walking da for fear of eing caught authoritie or extorted criminal on
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
the train. Mot meal conit of plantain, ucca and ean grown local ejidatario (communal land
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
holder) or donated the parih. The get a pallet to leep on, a place to wah and two meal a da,
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
according to María Antonia Falcón González, who, with her daughter, cook ever da for migrant,
Related Tag
often uing food grown on her famil’ plot. “We are jut doing what the ile a: welcoming
tranger”. 31
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict areow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
The cargo train known a "La etia" depart Tenoique in the outhern Mexican tate of Taaco with Central American
ut there are clear rik of worening con
migrant heading further north.
ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
CRII GROUP/Mar peck
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 13/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
III. Puh and Pull
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Central American migrant expre multiple reaon for leaving: mot want etter jo o the can
Related Tag
upport famil memer at home. Man want to join parent or other cloe relative in the U.. The
majorit are oung men of working age, often with familie to upport at home. ome are agricultural
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
worker eeking eaonal work. Other intend to move aroad for a few ear, earn enough to put
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
children through chool and then return. Violence wa a recurring theme in the torie of migrant
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
interviewed in three helter along the Mexico/Guatemala order. Povert wa “earale”, aid a
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con
woman, ut “ou can’t live in fear”. ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
“ It ued to e peaceful in the cantone (mall town), aid Reina, a woman that ed from
olidarit that underpin the loc.
central l alvador with her iter and their three oung children. “Now there are gang
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
everwhere. Onl the rich people are afe”. ”
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
Cind, 23, from an Pedro ula, walked all night from the Mexican/Guatemalan
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
order, through thick ruh that left her neck and arm covered in cratche. Her
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
father wa unemploed and her mother had kidne dieae, leaving the ingle
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
mother the famil’ ole readwinner. he hoped to ring her children, four and
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
ve, from Hondura once he nd work in Mexico or the U.. Gang recruit
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
children a oung a ix or even a lookout, he aid. “The go for the rightet
o and prettiet girl. It reak m heart”.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
Aracel, 25, left ve- and even-ear old on with relative in the Atlantic-coat
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
department of Colón, Hondura on a third attempt to reach the U.. after
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
deportation from Mexico. Her famil’ troule egan after relative got involved
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
with illegal drug. Rival traf
protected rather than targeted. cker murdered an uncle, a drug tranportita
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
(courier), then hot her rother and huand. he know who did it, ut will not
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
report them: “When narco kill, no one can a anthing”.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Manor, 30, walked for nearl two da through jungle efore reaching a helter.
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
The trek detroed hi hoe, forcing him to hole during the
Guéhenno nal hour on
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
litered, leeding feet. He drove a Tegucigalpa taxi, ut half hi income went to
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
gang for protection. “We taxita are crewed”, he aid. “You either pa the
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
marerro (gangter) or the kill ou”.
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 14/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
“ Violence wa a recurring theme in the torie of migrant interviewed in three helter along
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
the Mexico/Guatemala order. ”
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
Joé, 21, left an alvador with hi nineteen-ear-old wife and ear-old on. A
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
treet vendor, he witneed a gang hooting. “The told me to get out”. The
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con ict and made war harder to end.
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
famil old their mot valuale poeion – a ed and a motorike – ut the
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
mone onl got them to outhern Mexico. “We’ll ta here if we can. We don’t
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
have an famil up there [in the U..]”.
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
Alex, 46, worked in contruction in ononate, l alvador, ut when jo dried
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
up in hi home town, he feared looking for work elewhere in the countr. “You
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
can’t work anwhere without permiion from the local gang”. o he plan to
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
move to New Jere, where he lived more than a decade ago, ending mone
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
home to raie hi now-grown children. “I never wanted to go ack”, he aid, citing
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
the journe’ increaed cot and danger.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
Diana, 31, a tranexual, ha ed twice: from an alvador to ecape a violent ex-
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
lover with gangter connection, and from a neigouring town after witneing
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
the murder of a fellow tranexual. ince arriving in Mexico – working at ar to
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
upport herelf – he ha een eaten and roed three time.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Reina, 30, ed from a mall town in central l alvador with her iter and their
three oung children. Prolem egan after gang moved in, taking control
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
terroriing reident. The gang threw a homemade om into a neighour’
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
houe, killing four. It hot her rother, conidered an “enem” a a former oldier,
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
and warned the ret of the famil to catter. It ued to e peaceful in the cantone
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
(mall town), he aid. “Now there are gang everwhere. Onl the rich people
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
are afe”. Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con
32 ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 15/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
Voce recatada de Tapachula, Mexico
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
CRII GROUP/ Rafael Rodríguez
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
Thee account are tpical for man who
olidarit that underpin the loc. ee. A 2015 UN urve of 160 Central American and Mexican
women eeking U.. alum found 85 per cent decried living in neighourhood controlled
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
gang; 64 per cent had een targeted direct threat or attack or lot a cloe relative; 62 per cent
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
aid the regularl aw dead odie in their neighourhood. Aout 60 per cent aid the had reported
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
attack to police or other authoritie, though none expected adequate protection from authoritie,
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
and 10 per cent felt government of cial were liale to caue harm. The report warned that leian,
ga, iexual, tran- or inter-exual (LGTI) individual ma e epeciall vulnerale target for gang
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
violence. 33
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
A 2014 UN tud of more than 400 unaccompanied or eparated migrant Central American and
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
Mexican children held in U.. detention found more than half cited violence a a reaon for leaving
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
home, predominantl criminal violence ut alo dometic aue. Thoe mot likel to cite violence in
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
ociet were alvadoran and Mexican children (69 and 60 per cent repectivel), followed
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Honduran (43 per cent) and Guatemalan (20 per cent). The report concluded that while the children
cited multiple reaon for leaving their countrie, mot alo needed international protection from
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
violence. 34 While children ma cite their deire to reunite with parent a the primar reaon for
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
emigrating, fear of violence i often the immediate caue, a tud of alvadoran children found:
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
“Mot referenced fear of crime and violence a the underling motive for their deciion to reunif
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
with famil now rather than two ear in the pat or two ear in the future”. 35
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Anali of 2014 data from the Latin American Pulic Opinion Project (LAPOP) alo found a trong
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
relationhip etween crime victimiation and migration intention from l alvador and Hondura.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
Onl in Guatemala, where violence ha recentl declined, wa there no igni cant correlation. ven
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
o, Guatemalan who had een victim more than once were more likel to plan to migrate in the
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
near future. Thoe intending to go to the U.. were well aware of rik. A urve found that 85 per
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
cent of 3,000 Honduran elieved croing the order wa more dangerou than previoul; 79 per
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
cent knew deportation had increaed. Knowledge of the rik “plaed no igni cant role in who had
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
plan to migrate and who did not have uch plan”. The “critical predictor” of intention wa “direct
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee
experience with crime”, epeciall in Hondura and l alvador. 36 ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 16/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict areow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Migrant, epeciall women and children, are epeciall vulnerale to exual exploitation criminal network.
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
FLICKR/Víctor Hugo García Ulloa
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
IV. Dangerou Paage
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
Migrant have long clamered aoard aging cargo train known collectivel a “La etia” (the eat)
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
that head from outhern Mexico toward the U..
jguehenno 37 The track lead north from the outhern order
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
tate of Chiapa and Taaco, converge in the Gulf Coat tate of Veracruz, then plit again in Mexico
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
Cit on their wa toward the order citie of Nogale, Ciudad Juárez and Renoa. 38 On a tpical
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 17/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
Ma 2016 morning, aout two dozen migrant, motl men ut alo a few women, including a mother
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
with an infant, could e een climing onto the train in Tenoique, Taaco, tanding on mall
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
platform etween the cargo car or perched precarioul on the roof. 39 La etia i the lat-reort
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
tranportation for the pooret traveller, who pa gangter ome $100 each to oard. ome migrant
Related Tag
aid Central American mara (treet gang) controlled acce to the train along the order. Other
poke of memer of the Zeta, a hper-violent drug cartel that dominate drug traf
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con cking and other
ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
racket along much of the Gulf Coat. 40
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
La etia carrie far fewer undocumented paenger than two or three ear ago, when it roof were
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
jammed. Migrant a riding it i now rikier: police and migration agent monitor the route more
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
cloel, and the locomotive often run fater, making it more dangerou to get and ta on. More than
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
100 migrant have lot lim in accident ince 2012. 41 Though the train have come to molie
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
the hazard of Central American migration, the were never the onl or even principal mean for
olidarit that underpin the loc.
travering Mexico. 42 Mot migrant ue a variet of other mean – ue, private vehicle, truck
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
trailer – to journe north. ome veteran migrant a that a decade ago the onl needed to contract
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
a guide to lip over the U.. order. 43 Toda, croing Mexico require a network of guide and
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
informant, ale to navigate through oth of cial otacle and criminal territorie. 44
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
A. People muggling
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
Migrant muggler – called coote or pollero (chicken herder) – were often truted memer of the
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
local communit who worked for a relativel modet fee. 45 Toda the are part of a larger tructure
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
that ma move up to 200 migrant at a time, though in maller group of ten or o. ome migrant a
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
thee network charge aout $5,000-$7,000 to reach the U.. That price often include three attempt,
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
in the event that the client i detected the INM and deported. Migrant with deeper pocket – uch
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
a Aian attempting to enter the U.. from Mexico – might pa doule or triple. 46 Central
American familie pool reource and go into det to end children and women afer route,
paing for travel car or u, ometime with fale document. 47 The higher price ma even
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
include a guarantee the child will e delivered to a famil memer. To pa off that det, other famil
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
48
memer ma feel impelled to make the ame journe.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
ict, generating further refugee ict are
The network ta in contact via cell phone, providing information aout avoiding migration agent
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted. 49 It alo ha contact to provide migrant a afe place to ta,
or police and militar roadlock.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
and it inure againt the greatet danger: kidnapping. According to Rodolfo Cailla, an expert on
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
migration and organied crime, migrant muggler have een “uumed, uordinated or ued
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
network dedicated to migrant kidnapping”. muggler are forced to pa protection, $600-$1,000 for
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
each migrant. Thoe kidnapped ma end up among the 26,000 regitered a miing in Mexico, aout
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to
50 nd
10 per cent of whom ma e foreigner, motl migrant.
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
According to Rodolfo Cailla, an expert on migration and organied crime, migrant muggler
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
have een “uumed, uordinated or ued network dedicated to migrant kidnapping”.
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 18/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Repreentative from Caa del Migrante (Migrant’ Houe) welcome a deported migrant that jut arrived u from Mexico to
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
Tecun Umán, Guatemala.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
CRII GROUP/Arturo Matute
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
. Inviile Victim cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
to deal with it. Thi preent dif
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
How man migrant are kidnapped ecaue the cannot or will not pa for protection i unknown.
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee
Mexican federal agencie offer wildl different tatitic: the INM regitered onl 590 migrant ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
kidnapping etween 2000 and mid-2014; the Federal Police aid the recued 71,415 migrant from
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
kidnapper, 2007-2014, aout one-quarter in Chiapa tate. 51 The National Human Right
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 19/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
Commiion, the government omudman, aid in 2013 there were aout 11,000 kidnapping a ear.
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
52 Ver few reulted in criminal proceeding, however. Federal proecutor opened onl 48
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
preliminar invetigation into migrant kidnapping etween 2010 and mid-2014. 53 Moreover,
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
human right group a that authoritie quickl deport migrant reportedl recued from
Related Tag
kidnapper, intead of offering them humanitarian parole o the can help proecutor invetigate
the crime.
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
A pecial unit of the federal proecutor’ of ce (Proecutor-General of the Repulic, PGR), created in
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
Decemer 2015, could expand acce to jutice for migrant in Mexico and the relative of thoe who
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
diappear in tranit. A of Ma 2016, the unit included ve proecutor to handle ome 130 cae ent
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
ditrict of ce around the countr and civil ociet organiation. However, it ha no juridiction
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
over eriou cae involving organied crime and doe not invetigate corruption and aue
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
immigration agent, police or other of cial. 54
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
“ Moreover, human right group a that authoritie quickl deport migrant reportedl
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
recued from kidnapper, intead of offering them humanitarian parole o the can help
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
proecutor invetigate the crime. ”
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
C. The Zeta Franchie
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Jut one major Mexican drug cartel appear to have entered the lucrative migrant protection racket,
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
ut it i one of the mot violent, the Zeta. Unlike other trannational drug organiation, which tend
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
to e famil-aed ma a that control territor and pecialie in certain criminal activitie, the Zeta
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
are a “potmodern” group without “famil tie, territor or tradition”. eginning a enforcer for the
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
Gulf cartel, the operate more like franchier, lending expertie and rutal reputation to local group
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
along the Gulf of Mexico, while alo engaging in human traf
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con cking in Guatemala, according to the
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
International Commiion Againt Impunit in Guatemala (CICIG).
protected rather than targeted.
55 The are reponile for
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
ma kidnapping and execution of migrant along the northern U.. order, including the 2010
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
maacre of 72, motl Central American migrant, in an Fernando, Tamaulipa. 56 The or their
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
af liate alo operate in the outhern tate of Taaco, where migrant dread the in ltration of
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
criminal among them to cope out poile kidnapping target.
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
The Independent @Independent
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 20/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
'Police involved in ma kidnap and maacre of 193 people in Mexico travelling toward U'
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
http://t.co/mdzjPvA0TZ http://t.co/hJT7akzGh
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag 23 Dec 14
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
Ma kidnapping no longer take place, aid Fra Tomá Gonzalez, director of “La 72” helter, ut
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
criminal till gra individual for ranom with little fear of repone police, who are either
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
intimidated or corrupt. The helter (named for the 72 victim in an Fernando) ha alo received
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
written and telephone threat from criminal claiming to e Zeta. 57
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
Migrant are not jut aued and exploited criminal gang. A urve of 31,000 conducted a
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
network of civil ociet group that work with undocumented migrant in Mexico found that 20 per
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
cent aid the had uffered variou crime at the hand of authoritie, including roer, extortion,
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
eating and illegal detention. 58 Police, including federal force, were mot commonl accued of
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
tealing, while migration of cial and memer of the militar (oldier and marine) were accued of
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
extortion. Central American migrant have purred creation of a virant underground econom that
“revolve around” providing food, helter and tranport at highl in ated price. 59 A a reult,
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
migrant complain that driver of taxi and “comi” – pulic tranportation van in rural area –
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
charge up to ten time the normal fare, which the pa for fear of eing turned over to “la migra”
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
(migration agent).
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
“ The mot recent report RDODM point to an increae in crime againt migrant
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
tate of cial alongide a reduction in aue organied criminal group. ”
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
D. Human Trafficking
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
There are ten of thouand of human traf cking victim in Central America and Mexico, though
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
quantitative etimate var widel. A recent tud put the numer of exuall-exploited victim in
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Guatemala alone at 48,500, etimating that for ever reported cae there were 30 hidden victim.
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
tudie, aed on the relativel few cae invetigated, ugget that two-third are female.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
Adolecent, etween twelve and eventeen, are the mot vulnerale, though traf cker ometime
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
recruit even ounger children. 60 In Mexico, etimate of exual traf cking victim range from
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
50,000 to 500,000. Conervative of cial etimate put the numer of exploited children at 16,000.
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
One tud etimated the total at aout 70,000, including ome 50,000 minor exploited in order
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
region. 61
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 21/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
Migrant, epeciall women and children, are epeciall vulnerale to exual exploitation criminal
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
network. Tranporting women to work a protitute i far from new or limited to impoverihed
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
migrant. Network catering to VIP cutomer (including drug traf cker) pa thouand of dollar to
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
ring women from outh America, ometime pretending to e modelling agencie. Often women are
Related Tag
held virtuall captive, paport con cated, forced to work in pa or maage parlour from morning
until late at night. At the other extreme are mall, roadide ar or cafeteria, often in impoverihed
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
order town, that offer drink and quick, cheap exual encounter. Protitute, often teenager, ma
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
ee up to 30 cutomer a da with “eriou conequence for their health”. 62
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
“ Along the Mexican/Guatemalan order, the ex indutr i a “direct -product of migrant
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
muggling”. Women on their wa north ma end up tuck along the order after eing roed
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc. or ecaue the ran out of mone. ”
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Along the Mexican/Guatemalan order, the ex indutr i a “direct -product of migrant
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
muggling”. 63 Women on their wa north ma end up tuck along the order after eing roed or
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
ecaue the ran out of mone. Other work a protitute after eing deported from Mexico,
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
preferring to ta near the order rather than return home. ome uncrupulou “coote” aandon
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
client or trade them to another muggling network, which force the women into protitution. 64
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
Though major drug traf cking group ma not run the ex trade, the pro t indirectl charging for
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
protection. The route ued for muggling people and drug are lined with “rothel, trip joint and
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
night clu”, where migrant ma e held in virtual “det ondage”, truggling to repa their
exploiter. 65
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
ome rothel on oth ide of the Guatemala/Mexico order recruit girl from neighouring
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
countrie, offering familie cah advance that ecome det dif cult or impoile to pa off. The
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
recruiter (enganchadora, literall “hooker”) are often oung women from the ame town who need
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
to ful l a “quota”. “The how off their new clothe, new cell phone” aid a helter of
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope cial inow.
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Tapachula. “It doen’t take much”. Other are ecaping dometic violence or, increaingl, criminal
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
threat. Nun working with protitute in Tecún Umán noted increaing numer who a the are
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
ecaping Hondura and l alvador gang. 66
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guatemala ha legilation to comat traf cking, including the 2009 Law againt exual Violence,
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
xploitation and Human Traf cking, which etalihed a ecretariat (under the vice preident) to
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
coordinate anti-traf cking activit, and three government-run helter, where child victim receive
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee
hort-term lodging ut few pecialied ervice. To invetigate traf cking network, the pulic ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
minitr (pulic proecutor’ of ce) etalihed a pecial ection in 2012. It ha invetigated more
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
than 400 report of human traf cking ince April 2015, ut ince it lack a igni cant preence
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 22/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
outide Guatemala Cit, it ha dif cult operating in order department where much traf cking
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
occur. 67
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
V. order Control
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
Preident nrique Peña Nieto of Mexico and Otto Pérez Molina of Guatemala launched a joint
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ow” of migrant acro their common order. “Intead of
program in 2014 to promote “orderl ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
putting up wall, otacle and dif
con ict and made war harder to end.
cultie”, aid Pérez Molina, the countrie would promote
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
“cooperation, development and commerce”. “I am ure that we can improve the condition of regional
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
migration”, aid Peña Nieto, if united ehind a “trannational effort to guarantee that migrant
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
receive digni ed and humane treatment”. It ve point called for expanding temporar work and
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
viit permit for Guatemalan (and elizean) in Mexican order tate, improved infratructure and
olidarit that underpin the loc.
ecurit, medical care for migrant, increaed ilateral coordination and inter-agenc coordination
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
led a new of ce in the government ecretariat. 68 The U.. welcomed the initiative, calling Peña
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
Nieto’ trateg a “welcome tep toward improving Mexico’ ailit to exercie greater control along
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
it order” and promiing $86 million to upport it, while continuing work with Guatemala to uild
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
joint order-control tak force. 69
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
A. The Humanitarian Crii
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
The ackdrop of the initiative wa a crii on Mexico’ other order: a urge in apprehenion of
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
unaccompanied migrant children, motl from the NTCA countrie, into the U.. In June 2014, U..
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
Preident arack Oama iued a memorandum laelling the “in ux of unaccompanied alien
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
children” an “urgent humanitarian ituation” requiring a coordinated interagenc relief effort.
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
ear’ end, the U.. had detained nearl 70,000 unaccompanied children, up from aout 39,000 in
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
2013 and 24,500 in 2012. 70 Recogniing that ome were entitled to protection, it etalihed child
and famil migration court docket and pecial detention facilitie, ut alo dipatched more law
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
enforcement to lock a further in ux. 71 The tate Department promied an information campaign
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
to deter migration and to help Guatemala and Mexico interdict migrant and enhance the NTCA
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
ource countrie’ capacit to receive and reintegrate thoe deported. 72
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
At rt the trateg appeared to e working. U.. apprehenion of children and familie declined in
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
the econd half of 2014 and earl 2015, ut late 2015, the numer were riing again. etween
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
Octoer 2015 and Ma 2016, the more than douled from the ame period a ear efore, riing to
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
aout 32,000 from 14,000. Fewer children were travelling without adult famil memer, however.
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Monthl apprehenion of unaccompanied children dropped elow the earl-2014 level, totalling
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
4,224 in March 2016 compared to 7,176 in March 2014.
to deal with it. Thi preent dif
73
cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 23/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Unaccompanied alien children encountered cal ear 2009-2016.
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
U Cutom & order Protection; FY 2016 up to 30 April.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
The government’ “Danger Awarene” campaign – including illoard plu print, radio and TV ad
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
– ma have dicouraged ome Central American from ending their children to the U.. alone (or
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
with muggler), ut man familie eem to have preferred to face rik en route over rik at home
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
(ee aove).Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
74 Aent from the U.. trateg wa upport in Mexico for refugee protection, not jut
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
migrant interdiction. Mexico i not onl a tranit countr for Central American refugee, a UNHCR
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
of cial; it i alo a detination, ut it capacit to cope with the in ux i under train.
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 24/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
. eeking afet in Mexico
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
Alum petition have rien in Mexico from 1,296 in 2013 to 3,423 in 2015. In 2015, 92 per cent of
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
claimant came from the northern triangle, epeciall Hondura (1,560) and l alvador (1,475). Onl
102 were Guatemalan. 75 The increae i largel the reult of a campaign the UNHCR and human
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
and migrant right activit to pulicie the right of thoe eeing violence. Poter telling migrant,
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
“When ou ee our countr, ou have the right to claim refugee tatu”, adorn helter, detention
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
centre and other area where migrant are known to gather. till, thee numer are onl a mall
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict and made war harder to end.
fraction of 170,000 NTCA migrant detained in 2015 Mexican authoritie and of thoe who hould
ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
e eligile for protection, according to the UNHCR and human right defender. Moreover, aout 30
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
per cent of the 2015 alum applicant never concluded the proce. Of thoe who did, aout 45 per
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
cent (930) received refugee or protected tatu. 76
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
ut the numer of thoe appling and the percentage recognied have increaed harpl in 2016. In
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
the rt three month, the Commiion for Refugee Aitance (COMAR) received 1,470 application,
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
and 652 (62 per cent) of the 1,048 who
with impunit the nihed the proce received refugee or protected tatu. 77
ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
However, the migrant mot likel to need protection – unaccompanied children – are epeciall
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
unlikel to ak for it. ome 35,000 NTCA minor were detained Mexican authoritie in 2015, aout
18,000 of whom were travelling without a parent or guardian. UNHCR of cial etimate that a man
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
a half had plauile claim to international protection ecaue of threat to their live and afet, ut
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
onl 138 applied for refugee recognition. Onl 56 received alum or protected tatu allowing them
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
78
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
to remain in Mexico.
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 25/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Total Deportation of Northern Triangle of Central America Citizen from the U.. and Mexico
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
Crii Group uing data from IC Immigration Removal FY 2013-1015 and Mexican Government.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
“ Alum petition have rien in Mexico from 1,296 in 2013 to 3,423 in 2015. ”
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 26/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
Wh do o few migrant from the violence-torn NTCA eek formal refugee tatu in Mexico? Man
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
prefer to reach the U.., where the ma have relative or hope for etter jo, ut the UNHCR and
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
helter of cial a increaing numer want to ta in Mexico, epeciall given the high cot and
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
rik of reaching the U.. and the increaed danger of eing deported once there. everal of thoe
Related Tag
interviewed at helter along the order aid the had een detained efore in the U.. and preferred
to tr their luck in Mexico. Leonel, a 24-ear-old Honduran from an Pedro ula, aid he had a good
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
jo delivering dair product ut ed to avoid gang recruitment. Having een detained once in
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
rownville, Texa, he had no deire to undertake the hazardou journe north again, epeciall with
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
hi wife and three-ear-old on. “I don’t want to e locked up”, he aid, o he i weighing the rik:
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con ict and made war harder to end.
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
completing the alum proce, though ucce i unlikel, or nding informal work a an
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
undocumented migrant in Mexico. Returning to Hondura i not an option: “when the mara (gang)
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
a the will kill ou, the mean it”. 79
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
C. arrier to Refugee Recognition
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
Would-e refugee mut ak for alum within 30 da of croing the order. The ma either appl
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
after eing apprehended or approach authoritie voluntaril, in which cae the can await the reult
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
outide detention, ut aout a third aandon the three-month proce. 80 Thoe who are not
detained ometime give up ecaue the are not allowed to work, cannot travel and mut report
weekl to local authoritie. Thoe detained in INM facilitie ma requet deportation ecaue the
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
cannot endure the prion-like condition. The larget, et-equipped longer-term detention centre –
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
iglo XXI in Tapachula, Chiapa – force migrant to leep on unk ed and ometime on thin
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
mattree in corridor. There are eparate area for men, women, and outh aged thirteen to
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
eventeen (ounger, unaccompanied children are turned over to child protection of cial). Familie
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
are generall eparated, except for mother with children twelve and ounger, or adolecent
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con81ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
daughter.
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Detention i epeciall hard on teenager, for whom month in hot, crowded facilitie i “an eternit”.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
82 Though unaccompanied outh are uppoed to e tranferred whenever poile to pecial
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
helter run child protection of
decade. cial, the “detention of [undocumented] children and adolecent
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
[i] routine and widepread”. 83 Youth do not attend clae or have acce to adequate
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
pchological or medical care. Violence ha traumatied man; ome ma e ex-gang memer; few
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
undertand their right. Tenion can e high within area reerved for teenage o. Not onl are the
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
endangered each other, ut ome report eating ecurit force or migration agent. A human
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
right centre in Chiapa aid it had reported numerou cae of aue in detention facilitie without
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
“o much a a reprimand or adminitrative, much le criminal, anction”. 84
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
To provide protection and diuade migrant from continuing on a dangerou journe north,
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
advocate a that authoritie mut offer alternative to detention, including pecial helter or foter
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
care for unaccompanied minor and work permit for adult. Under Mexican law, migration
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee
authoritie could iue humanitarian via, which allow emploment and freedom of movement, to ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
migrant eeking refugee recognition and thoe who have een victim of or witnee to eriou
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 27/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
crime. INM iued aout 1,000 in 2015, nearl doule the numer authoried in 2014, ut advocate
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
a man more hould e eligile for them. 85
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
“ To provide protection and diuade migrant from continuing on a dangerou journe north,
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
advocate a that authoritie mut offer alternative to detention, including pecial helter
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
or foter care for unaccompanied minor and work permit for adult. ”
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
A major deterrent to eeking alum i the dif cult of otaining it. Mexico ha een an advocate for
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
refugee and other human right on the international tage. It 2011 Law on Refugee and
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
Complementar Protection incorporate good practice, uch a permiion to work and acce to
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
education, health care and other pulic ervice. It follow the 1951 Convention, which de ne a
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
refugee a omeone with a well-founded fear of perecution ecaue of race, religion, nationalit,
memerhip of a particular ocial group or political opinion. Mexican law add a ixth categor –
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
perecution due to gender – and goe further, incorporating language from the 1984 Cartagena
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
Declaration on Refugee, which protect people eeing “generalied violence, foreign aggreion,
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
internal con ict, maive violation of human right or other circumtance which have erioul
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
ditured pulic order”. 86
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
Fear of “generalied violence”, however, i not ued to grant lanket refugee recognition to Central
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
American eeing gang. ach applicant i interviewed, often everal time, and pchologit are
conulted, if necear. COMAR of cial alo conult Mexican ema of cial aout condition in
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
the countr of origin. ut COMAR ha onl fteen analt to handle thouand of cae. Though
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
of cial init the are ale o far to handle the workload ef cientl and fairl, the admit that further
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
increae could train their capacit. 87
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
Refugee advocate, on the other hand, a COMAR iue “cop-pate” deciion, deigned to excludeow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
rather than protect. “The act like detective interrogating a upect”, earching for inconitencie in
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
order to reject application a “lacking crediilit”. 88 Mot applicant are poorl educated and
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
eail intimidated; relativel few have legal help. Man application are rejected on ground of an
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
“internal ight alternative”, ie, the individual or famil could have ed to afer area within their own
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
countr, though in the mall NTCA countrie, gang dominate large citie and have moved into man
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
maller town. Turf i ercel protected, and tranger are treated a poile enemie. In more rural
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
area there ma e no jo or acce to education or health care. “There are few internal ight
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
alternative” in the northern triangle, commented a UNHCR of cial. 89
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 28/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Deportation from the U Citizenhip.
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
Produced Crii Group uing data from IC Immigration Removal FY 2013-2015.
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
D. The Revolving Door
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
Aout even ue travel each weekda etween Tapachula and Tecún Umán, carring repatriated
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
migrant ack to Guatemala from Mexico. ome 5,000 arrive monthl at the order town, and another
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
4,000 into Guatemala Cit from the U.. on twice dail ight that operate four da a week.
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
Returnee are regitered on arrival, given nack and offered medical attention, if necear. In oth
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
the capital and on the order, migrant are given lodging for one night and help
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope. nding
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 29/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
tranportation home. Unaccompanied children are taken to helter overeen the ocial Welfare
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
ecretariat, one in the capital, another in the wetern cit of Quetzaltenango, until the can e
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
turned over to parent or guardian. 90
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
Like Guatemala, the other NTCA countrie have improved the reception of repatriated citizen,
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
epeciall children. Hondura ha centre for returnee in an Pedro ula and along the Guatemalan
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
order, including pecialied helter for children. l alvador ha renovated a reception centre for
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
unaccompanied children in it capital and introduced three reintegration program aimed at migrant
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
returnee. 91 ut after returning home, mot migrant, including children, are on their own. Man
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
ma tr again. Aout half the returnee on a June U.. to Guatemala ight raied their hand when a
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
migration of cial aked if the had een deported efore. 92
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
Not even thoe mot vulnerale – uch a familie and unaccompanied children – are monitored after
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
repatriation. None of the NTCA “government have effective mean of tracking deported children”;
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
nor do the have the “capacit to reintegrate children in a afe manner”. ome tudie have alo
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
documented the killing of deported migrant. Little ha een done to make ure that repatriation i
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
not impl a revolving door for Central American deperate to ecape violence and povert. 93 “It
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
i alarming”, aid a 2015 report on child returnee, that migration polic remain focued on ecurit
and control, “leaving on the ack urner the tate’ oligation to protect and repect the right of
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
girl and o”. 94
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 30/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Rall for Immigration Reform in Ann Aror, Minneota.
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
FLICKR/aha Kimel
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
VI. U.. Repone and Reponiilit
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
Mar peck @peckmar
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 31/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
The human cot of the upreme Court' deciion on Migrant Familie http://t.co/xHPDG4cd
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
http://t.co/GataWMXvQL
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag 30 Jun 16
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
The U.. ha a pecial reponiilit for the migration calamit acro Central America and Mexico,
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con
where violence i partl a legac of the armed con ict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
ict that raged in much of the region during the
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
1970 and 1980 under militar-dominated government Wahington upported. The fragile
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
democracie that emerged after thee Cold War confrontation truggled to ring ecurit to
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
polaried, impoverihed, till heavil-armed population. 95 Then in the 1990 and 2000, the U..
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
deported more than 250,000 convicted criminal, including man gang memer, to l alvador,
olidarit that underpin the loc.
Guatemala and Hondura. 96 At the ame time, U.. conumption of illegal drug – epeciall outh
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
American cocaine – ha fuelled the growth of powerful organied criminal group that control and
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
ght for territor along drug route in Mexico and Central America. 97 Againt thi ackground,
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
call from Repulican Part preidential candidate Donald Trump for the contruction of a wall to eal
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
the U..-Mexico order againt migration have een met with diapproval and deriion acro much of
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
Latin America. 98
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
A. talled Reform
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
Migration to the U.. ha een a highl uncertain afet valve. ome eight million Mexican and
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
Central American are reported to live there without legal tatu, facing dicrimination and rik of
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
deportation. 99 Immigration reform to give thee irregular migrant legal tatu have een
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
talemated for nearl three decade. 100 To provide ecurit for a portion of thi population,
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Preident Oama etalihed in 2012 the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) program that
would allow 1.2 million individual rought to the U.. a children to regularie their tatu. 101 In
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Novemer 2014, he created the Deferred Action for Parent of American and Lawful Permanent
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
Reident (DAPA), intended to expand DACA and permit another 3.6 million to regularie their tatu.
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
102 The hort-handed upreme Court divided four-four in June 2016, however, thu leaving in force
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
an appeal court deciion on a cae rought 25 tate that lock implementation of thee
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
program. 103
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
Another new program, which addree the prolem of minor likel to emigrate to join their parent
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
aroad, wa unaffected the upreme Court deciion. In Decemer 2014, the U.. etalihed an in-
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
countr refugee program in the NTCA countrie. The purpoe of the Central American Minor (CAM)
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
Refugee/Parole i to provide a “afe, legal, and orderl alternative to the dangerou journe”
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
undertaken unaccompanied children eeking famil reuni cation. o far, it ha had little impact. It
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
mut e initiated in the U.. parent who are “lawfull preent”, o exclude children with other
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
cloe relative in the U.., a well a thoe related to million of undocumented Central American.
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
Mot importantl, ecaue it require multiple interview, medical and ecurit clearance and DNA
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 32/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
teting, it take ix month to a ear to complete, o doe not protect thoe facing immediate danger.
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
104 Onl aout 600 of 9,000 CAM applicant had een admitted to the U.. a of Jul 2016. 105
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
To offer genuine protection for endangered minor, CAM would have to peed up proceing and
provide in-countr helter for thoe under imminent threat. To eae the urden on neighouring
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
countrie, epeciall Mexico, it hould e extended to genuine refugee, ie, children and adolecent
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
who have alread ed home countrie. The UNHCR, which ha expanded it preence along the
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
Mexico/Guatemala order, could pulicie the program and give initial creening and referral. The
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
IOM could continue to provide help with tranportation, a it doe for CAM ene ciarie traveling
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
from Central America. Thoe petitioning for U.. refugee recognition hould e houed in helter
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
equipped to provide clae and pcho-ocial upport for traumatied children. The U.. i ale to
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
give migrant facing poile deportation relief aigning them Temporar Protected tatu (TP).
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
Thi can e offered in cae of armed con ict, environmental diater, epidemic or “other
olidarit that underpin the loc.
extraordinar and temporar condition”. 106 It ha een extended repeatedl for alvadoran ince
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
2001 earthquake and Honduran ince Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Providing TP to NTCA national
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
facing urging criminal violence would e a reaonale tep to protect individual, epeciall outh,
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
vulnerale to attack or recruitment.
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
. The Alliance for Properit
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in ict that are the principal driver of
uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
In the aftermath of the 2014 urge in unaccompanied minor arriving at the U.. order, the Oama
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
adminitration decided to help countrie addre the puh factor of violence and lack of economic
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
opportunit. 107 With Vice Preident Joe iden in the lead, it preed the countrie to come together
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
with a targeted economic development and governance propoal that ecame the Alliance for
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con108
Properit. ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
Congre approved a $750 million aitance package for FY2016, and Preident
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
Oama ha requeted a imilar amount for FY2017. Thoe fund and the accompaning polic advice
were deigned to pre the NTCA government to focu on povert reduction, a well a anti-
corruption meaure and jutice reform of the ort that have een pearheaded the CICIG in
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
Guatemala – all of which are largel aent from their original propoal. 109 At a Feruar 2016
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
meeting with iden, the three government promied to allocate ome $2.6 illion from their national
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
udget to upport the plan’ goal. 110
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
“ It i eential that the U.. extend it upport to the Alliance for Properit for a further ve
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
ear and include targeted program to addre communit violence prevention. ”
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
It i eential that the U.. extend it upport to the Alliance for Properit for a further ve ear and
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
include targeted program to addre communit violence prevention. However, U.. aid doe not
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 33/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
compenate for the region’ hitoricall low invetment in it children: NTCA government have
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
pent much le on program for outh, epeciall education, than Latin America’ average 2.6 per
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
cent of GDP, according to 2012 etimate. Guatemala pent 1.8 per cent, l alvador 1.6 per cent and
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone. 111
Hondura 0.5 per cent.
Related Tag The Alliance for Properit equal onl a fraction of the ome $13 illion
NTCA migrant end home in remittance each ear. Migrant’ earning are 17 per cent of the
national income in Hondura and l alvador and 10 per cent in Guatemala.
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
Deadl con ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
Though ending criminal violence in Central America – etimated to cot nearl 8 per cent of it GDP
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and conict and made war harder to end.
ict in recent ear, ha
– would help the regional econom, emigration itelf i an economic oon in the hort run, depite
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
the long-term cot in human capital. Preventing migration i not a “priorit on the political agenda”
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
of mot Central American countrie, aid a Guatemalan economit, ecaue it i “functional” to each
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
countr’ interet. 112
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 34/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
Monument for thoe who have died attempting to cro the U-Mexican order at the Tijuana-an Diego order.
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
WIKIMDIA/Toma Catelazo
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
VII. Concluion
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
The urge of irregular migrant through Central America’ northern triangle into Mexico i oth
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
conequence of criminal violence and opportunit for criminal to exploit vulnerale people in
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
tranit. forcing migration underground with harh enforcement meaure, regional authoritie put
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
men, women and children, man eeing violent gang at home, at rik of victimiation criminal
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 35/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
and corrupt tate authoritie a the eek afet aroad. When irregular migrant and refugee are
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
forced to ta inviile to avoid deportation, the ecome ea pre. Maive, undocumented
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
migration alo open pace for dicretionar action local of cial, often in order region,
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
purring corruption and undermining the intitution charged with auring pulic ecurit and
Related Tag
comating impunit.
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
The reult are viile in the multiple aue uffered thoe in tranit and the failure of order
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
enforcement, deportation and migration deterrence program. Rather than top the migrant ow,
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
each meaure to toughen the arrier ha empowered criminal group to traf c and exploit ever more
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
deperate people.
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
“ forcing migration underground with harh enforcement meaure, regional authoritie
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
put men, women and children, man eeing violent gang at home, at rik of victimiation
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
criminal and corrupt tate authoritie a the eek afet aroad. ”
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
The region i onl eginning to grapple with what mot of it leader now recognie a a
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
humanitarian crii with multiple caue, including ocio-economic factor and high level of
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
violence and inecurit. At a UNHCR roundtale in Jul 2016, NTCA countrie agreed to addre the
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
root caue of forced diplacement, while detination countrie promied to enhance alum and
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
protection repone. Mexico agreed to explore alternative to detention for alum eeker and
refugee, trengthen program to protect children and increae alum of cer’ capacit and
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
preence. The U.. pledged to tep up “effort to addre underling factor” that caue Central
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
American to aandon their home and additional aid for UNHCR operation in the region and
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
training for regional alum of cer. 113
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
If thee tep are taken, the ma mark the onet of a mature, cooperative approach to migration in
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
the region. Perhap mot importantl, regional leader recognied joint reponiilit for oth
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
addreing the caue of criminal violence and protecting the victim. Yet, the leon ince the 2014
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
urge in unaccompanied children are cautionar, and Central American countrie remain dependent
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
on migrant’ remittance. Until concrete action prove otherwie, the promie of all government to
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
protect thoe eeing perecution and violence will continue to appear hollow.
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO
Mexico Cit/Guatemala Cit/ogotá/ruel, 28 Jul 2016 nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Related Tag
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 36/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
CNTRAL AMRICA
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 37/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 38/39
8/21/2016 Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration | International Crisis Group
Thi article rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
con ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
diplacement that endanger the international order. Thi i a crii largel orn out of war, and one
an extenive lit of potential con ict panning all corner of the gloe—in context from intailit
in the Lake Chad ain and tate fragilit in Central Aia to the reurgent Kurdih con ict in Turke
that will e with u for decade to come. Undertanding thi realit i eential if urope i to mount
and trannational crime in Mexico and Central America, to name a few.
an effective repone.
Related Tag
HUMANITARIAN FALLOUT OF CONFLICT
On a larger cale, the con
Deadl con ict driving toda’ refugee crii are mptomatic of the reakdown of the
ict, aove all, i driving the maive exodu of refugee. War in Afghanitan, omalia,
international tem uilt over the pat event ear, increaing the rik of violence and weakening
and ria alone are reponile for more than half of the world’ refugee population. Fort million
the world’ collective capacit for con ict management. Geopolitical hift, intenifing rivalrie
people—two-third of the world’ forcil diplaced—are diplaced within their own countrie
etween major power, and riing regional tenion have fueled con
con ict and made war harder to end.
ict and violence. The Middle at, with it political upheaval and con ict in recent ear, ha
A decade and a half of poorl conceived, huritic intervention ha triggered a acklah toward
een the fatet increae in forced diplacement. ince March 2011, the rian war alone ha
iolationim and parochialim and weakened the rule-aed international order. Thi undermine
accounted for almot 12 million diplaced people, one- fth of the world’ total diplaced and over
upport for the legitimate, UN-acked engagement needed to prevent and contain local crie.
half of the countr’ population.
Diviion within the U how how the refugee crii place further train on the value and political
olidarit that underpin the loc.
After a period during which war declined in numer, in the pat half decade there ha een a rie in
armed con ict, and clahe have ecome more deadl. In toda’ war, civilian are alo targeted
There are ome important direct conequence of the crii, the foremot eing the need to etter
with impunit the ghting partie, and international humanitarian norm to protect civilian are
nance humanitarian repone, repect the right of refugee, upport tate that hot refugee
routinel violated.
population, and improve refugee’ condition and propect.
While the tream of refugee tring to enter urope ha helped catapult thi iue to the front page
Ultimatel, however, policmaker need to addre the major con ict that are the principal driver of
of the Wetern media, tate adjacent to war have een far larger in uxe of refugee. Wetern
diplacement. ffort to reolve the war in ria and elewhere have een intermittent and onl half
audience are arel aware that the three countrie that heltered the mot refugee a of mid-2015
engaged. The crii mut highlight the importance of more determined and ingle-minded diplomac,
were Turke, Pakitan, and Leanon. Nor are Weterner full conciou of the condition endured
without allowing attention to e contantl ditracted the next da’ headline. Policmaker mut
the 2.5 million people forced from their home countrie to Chad, thiopia, Kena, udan, and Uganda.
do more to de-ecalate the international and regional geopolitical rivalrie that feed off war, do
At the end of 2014, ome 86 percent of the world’ diplaced were living in developing countrie that
etter at con ict prevention, and pa more attention to the political, economic, and development
alread truggled with enormou economic, development, and governance challenge.
failure and grievance that turn into violence.
The lifeccle of a refugee crii i a long one. A of earl 2014, the average time a peron pend a a
Looking to the longer term, the international communit, and particularl permanent memer of the
refugee tood at a record eventeen ear, while the rate of thoe returning home wa the lowet in
OP-D / UROP & CNTRAL AIA 13 MAY 2016
UN ecurit Council, need to lead the wa in reuilding the international communit’ crediilit.
decade.
The world need to hore up multilateralim, reinforce intitution that were created to trengthen
Conflict i Ke to Undertanding Migration
peace and ecurit, and top the tead eroion of international law. The primac of international
humanitarian and human right law mut e reaerted o that civilian caught up in con
Moreover, refugee create rik factor for new ccle of con ict, generating further refugee ict are
ow.
Originall pulihed in Carnegie urope
protected rather than targeted.
Countrie that hot diproportionatel large numer of refugee without adequate upport can e
detailized, exacerating exiting economic, political, and ecurit train. The legac of toda’
refugee population i a generation of oung people who lack economic propect, political
The refugee crii goe eond human traged and threaten ke precept of the gloal order.
repreentation, or even participation; around half of refugee children receive no chooling. In thi
Recognizing that thi i a long-term prolem, reponile countrie mut adopt a long-term mind-et
ituation, refugee, who in ome cae encounter hotilit from their hot countrie’ population and
Jean-Marie
to deal with it. Thi preent dif cultie for policmaker, who are under tremendou preure to nd
ecurit force, can e target for radicalization extremit group.
Guéhenno
immediate anwer. It ha taken the arrival of the refugee crii on the eache and in the citie of
urope to drive home the need for a utained political will to
Preident & CO nd olution to the war that have
jguehenno
ent their victim to uropean hore.
No one can claim to accuratel predict future war and the impact the will have on refugee ow,
ut there are clear rik of worening con ict. Continued chao in the Middle at would generate
more terrorim and refugee, while u-aharan Africa ha the potential to ecome a major ource of
Thi article
con rt appeared in Carnegie urope.
ict and trannational terrorim. The International Crii Group’ earl-warning work highlight
The Wet’ current focu on the refugee crii in urope ocure the larger truth of a gloal crii of
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamericacaribbean/centralamerica/easypreycriminalviolenceandcentralamericanmigration 39/39
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