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ClimateChangeaffectsFoodSecurity
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IAS Exam:Climate Change and Food Security

05-APR-2016

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Food security can be dened as the condition of having reliable access to a sucient quantity of
aordable and nutritious food. It is Physical, Economic and Ecological access of food. Hence, food
security is directly dependent upon the performance of Agriculture, which in turn depends heavily
on the climatic factors. Unfortunately, persistent disruptions in the natural climatic phenomena in
recent times have created highly sceptical situations for mankind to accomplish food security for
its growing population.
The visible and prospective impacts of change in the natural climatic phenomena are being
manifested in the form of extremities of temperature and precipitation. The most prominent
change can be explained by the global warming, induced by plethora of anthropogenic factors.
Their impacts of change in the natural climatic phenomenon over food security can be seen under
following sub-headings:
Sea-level rise:
Due to persistent increase in the average temperature of the world, glaciers and ice sheets are
melting and water molecules are expanding. These have threatened almost all the coastal areas
of the world and low lying islands, whose fertile lands support enormous food production. Rise in
the sea level will permanently submerge such regions of the world, excessively reducing the
cultivation area.

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Climate Uncertainties:
Phenomenon like El-Nino, La Nina are increasing absurdly causing warming of Humboldt current,
cold waves in North America, Droughts in South Asia, Forest res in South East Asia and many
such haphazard uncertain climatic conditions highly adverse for agriculture production.
Agriculture of regions, especially in developing countries, dependent upon the natural rainfall are

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highly aected,
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untimely, less and even excessiveBest
rainfall.
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tropical regions are enhancing the desertication, further shrinking the already stressed cultivable
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ClimateChangeaffectsFoodSecurity
tropical regions are enhancing the desertication, further shrinking the already stressed cultivable
land. Melting of glaciers at the summit of mountains in tropical regions are causing massive
oods, landslides and related occurrences destroying crops in the fertile ood plains, which acts
as the backbone for agriculture production across the world.

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Tropical Cyclones:

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Frequent and massive cyclones in the east coast of tropical regions cause massive loss to life and
property including standing crops, damaging fertile lands ultimately ooding them. There have

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been gradual but persistent rise in the formation of Tropical Cyclones.

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Impact on Marine life:

Acidication of ocean is increasing gradually aecting many sources of sea foods. Frequent ElNino drastically reduces the sh production in the eastern Pacic Ocean. There has been
observance in the change in the nature of ocean currents too, which have impacted the sh
production at Grand Bank and Dogger Bank, well known for massive sh capturing.
Drinking Water:
Drinking water being one of the chief sources of food is getting depleted on daily basis. Glaciers

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and Ice-caps, which are the biggest sources of fresh water are getting melted and being lost in the
ocean. Underground water is also being used at a quick pace to deal in harsh climate and
weather.
Apart from all the above discussed causes, there are multiple adverse factors which are hitherto
unknown to mankind, but are damaging the food production in perpetuity. Reduction in cultivable

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land, fall in agriculture productivity, failure of crops and damaging of crops are some of the direct
manifestation of change in the natural climatic phenomenon, impacting the food security
massively.

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