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Efren Reyes Abueg (born 3 March 1937 in Tanza, Cavite) is a well-known and recognized Filipinolanguage creative writer, editor, author, novelist, short story writer, essayist, fictionist, professor,
textbook writer, and anthologist in the Philippines.[1][2] His works appeared on magazines such
as Liwayway, Bulaklak, Tagumpay, Mod, andHomelife
He attended Naic Elementary School in Naic, Cavite in 1950. In 1954, He finished high school at
Arellano (Public) High School in Manila. He graduated in 1957 from Imus Institute Junior College
in Imus, Cavite with an Associate In Arts degree and graduated with the degree of Bachelor in
Science in Commerce, Major in Accounting in 1960 from Manuel L. Quezon University in Quiapo,
Manila. He got his Masters in Arts in Language and Literature degree at De La Salle UniversityManila in 1987 and his PhD in Filipino and Translation Studies at the University of the Philippines in
2000.

As anthologist[edit]
Abueg was the author of three anthologies of stories and essays. They are Bugso[1]
[2]

("Impetus"), Tradisyon (Kasaysayan ng Panitikan ng Pilipinas: Mula Alamat

hanggang Edsa) ["Tradition (History of Literature of the Philippines: From Legend to Edsa"),
and Ang Mangingisda: Mga Kuwento kay Jesus ["The Fisherman: Stories on Jesus").[2]

As novelist[edit]
Abueg authored the novels Dilim sa Umaga ("Darkness in the Morning"), Habagat sa
Lupa ("Monsoon on Land"), and Dugo sa Kayumangging Lupa ("Blood on Brown Land").[2] of Merah
Tua, a novel serialized in Liwayway magazine. He was one of the resident writers at the Bienvenido
N. Santos Creative Writing Center.[2]

As fictionist[edit]
From 1998 to 1999, Abueg was a National Fellow for Fiction for the LIKHAAN: UP Creative Writing
Center.[2]

As editor[edit]
Among the books Abueg edited were Mga Piling Akda ng KADIPAN ["Selected Works of KADIPAN"]
(1964), Mga Agos sa Disyerto ["Currents in the Desert"] (1965, 1974 and 1993), MANUNULAT: Mga
Piling Akdang Pilipino ["WRITER: Selected Filipino Works"] (1970), and Parnasong Tagalog ni
Abadilla (1973).[1] He was the editor of Tulay na Buhangin at iba pang mga akda ["Sand Bridge at
other works"].[2]

As professor[edit]
Abueg was a language and literature professor.[1][2] From 1965 to 1972, Abueg taught at the Manuel
L. Quezon University. From 1971 to 1972, Abueg taught at the Philippine College of Commerce.
From 1974 to 1977, Abueg taught at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. From 1977 to 1978,

Abueg taught at the Ateneo de Manila University. He was also a professor at the De La Salle
University.[1][2]

As head of organizations[edit]
From 1984 to 1987, Abueg was the Director of the Student Publications Office of De La Salle
University.[2] From 1986 to 1988, Abueg was the president of the Kapisanan ng mga Propesor sa
Pilipino (KAPPIL) [literally "Organization of Professors of the Filipino Language"), as well as the
president of Linangan ng Literatura ng Pilipinas (Literary League of the Philippines). He was also the
director of the Philippine Folklore Society.[1]

Works by Abueg[edit]

Poems[edit]

Habagat sa Lupa (1964)

Muling Pagsilang ng Isang Pangarap (1964)

Dugo sa Kayumangging Lupa (1965)

Alimpuyo (1967)

Dilim sa Umaga (1968)

Malamig na Ningas (1968)

Agaw-dilim (1969)

Mga Kaluluwa sa Kumunoy (1972)

Mister Mo, Lover Boy Ko (1973)

Maraming Lalaki sa Mundo (1984)

Huwag Mong Sakyan ang Buhawi (1985)

Mga Haliging Inaanay (1987)

Aawitin Ko ang Pag-ibig Mo (1992)

Short Stories[edit]

Handaan

Ang Bagong Paraiso (1963)

Ang Kamatayan ni Tiyo Samuel

Mapanglaw ang Mukha ng Buwan

Liwayway A. Arceo (19201999) was a multi-awarded Tagalog fictionist, journalist, radio scriptwriter
and editor from the Philippines.
Arceo authored a number of well-received novels, such as Canal de la Reina (1973)
and Titser (1995). She also published collections of short stories such as Ina, Maybahay, Anak at iba
pa, Mga Maria, Mga Eva,Ang Mag-anak na Cruz (1990), and Mga Kuwento ng Pag-ibig (1997). Most
of her books were published by Ateneo de Manila University Press and The University of the
Philippines Press. Arceo's story, Uhaw ang Vernon na Lupa was placed second in the Japanese
Imperial Government-sanctioned Pinakamabuting Maikling Katha ng 1943 (The Best Short Stories of
1943).
Arceo made her mark as a lead actress in Tatlong Maria, a Japanese/Philippine film produced
during World War II. The film was produced by two movie companies; X'Otic Pictures of
the Philippines and Eiga Hekusaof Japan, in 1944. She also acted in Ilaw ng Tahanan, a longrunning radio serial. Ilaw ng Tahanan became a television soap opera aired on RPN 9, during the
late 1970s.
Arceo's short story Lumapit, Lumayo ang Umaga was later turned into an award-winning film by
National Artist Ishmael Bernal in 1975. Filipina thespian Elizabeth Oropesa received a FAMAS Best
Actress Award in 1976 for her role in the film.
Arceo received a Carlos Palanca Award for Short Story in Filipino (Filipino (Tagalog) Division) in
1962; a Japan Foundation Visiting Fellowship in 1992; a Gawad CCP for Literature given by
the Cultural Center of the Philippines in 1993; a Doctorate on Humane Letters, an honoris causa,
from the University of the Philippines in 1991; the Catholic Authors Award from the Asian Catholic
Publishers in 1990, and the Gawad Balagtas Life Achievement Award for Fiction from the Unyon ng

mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (Writers Union of the Philippines, or UMPIL) in 1998. In 1999, Liwayway
Arceo received a Philippine National Centennial Commission award for her pioneering and
exemplary contributions in the field of literature.
After her death, Filipino writers paid tribute to Liwayway A. Arceo during a memorial service held at
the Loyola Memorial Chapel in Guadalupe, Makati City, Philippines on December 6, 1999.

Lualhati Torres Bautista (born December 2, 1945) is one of the

foremost Filipino female novelists in the history of contemporary Philippine Literature. Her novels
includeDekada '70, Bata, Bata, Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, and GAP.

Biography[edit]
Bautista was born in Tondo, Manila, Philippines on December 2, 1945 to Esteban Bautista and
Gloria Torres. She graduated from Emilio Jacinto Elementary School in 1958, and from Torres High
School in 1962. She was a journalism student at the Lyceum of the Philippines, but dropped out
even before she finished her freshman year.
Despite a lack of formal training, Bautista as the writer became known for her honest realism,
courageous exploration of Philippine women's issues, and her compelling female protagonists, who
confront difficult situations at home and in the workplace with uncommon grit and strength.
Lualhati garnered several Palanca Awards (1980, 1983 and 1984) for her novels GAP, Dekada
'70 and Bata, Bata Pano Ka Ginawa? exposing injustices and chronicling women activism during
the Marcos era.
GAP, published in 1980, is the story of a man coming to grips with life as an Amerasian. It is a
multi-layered scrutiny of the politics behind US bases in the Philippines, seen from ordinary citizens
living in Olongapo City point of view.
Dekada '70 is the story of a family caught in the middle of the tumultuous decade of the 1970s. It
details how a middle-class family struggled and faced the changes that empowered Filipinos to rise

against the Marcos government. These series of events happened after the bombing of Plaza
Miranda, the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, the proclamation of martial law and the
random arrests of political prisoners. The oppressive nature of the Marcos regime, which made the
people become more radical, and the shaping of the decade were all witnessed by the female
protagonist, Amanda Bartolome, a mother of five boys.
Bata, Bata Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, literally, "Child, Child How Were You Made?", narrates the life of
Lea, a working mother and a social activist, who has two children. The novel begun with an
introductory chapter about the graduation day from kindergarten of Maya, Leas daughter. A program
and a celebration were held. In the beginning, everything in Leas life were going smoothly her life
in connection with her children, with friends of the opposite gender, and with her volunteer work for a
human rights organization. But Leas children were both growing-up and Lea could see their
gradual transformation. There were the changes in their ways and personalities: Mayas curiosity
was becoming more obvious every day, while Ojie was crossing the boundaries from boyhood to
teenage to adulthood. In the end, all three, and especially Lea, have to confront Philippine societys
view of single motherhood; and the novel itself brazens out to the questions of how it is to be a
mother, and how a mother executes this role through modern-day concepts of parenthood.
Bautista's published book, In Sisterhood (2013) received Filipino Readers' Choice Award Nominee
for Fiction in Filipino/Taglish on 2014 organized by the Filipino Book Bloggers Group.[1] Meanwhile,
on 2015, Bautista launches another book entiled Sixty in the City which tackles life of three good
friends Guia, Roda and Menang who are in their mid-60s, realized that there's a good life out of
being just a wife, mother and homemaker.

Works[edit]

Books[edit]

Bulaklak sa City Jail

Dekada '70

Bata, Bata Pano Ka Ginawa?

GAP

Sixty in the City

In Sisterhood

Novelettes[edit]

Sila At Ang Gabi: Isang Buong Laot at Kalahati ng Daigdig (1994) ISBN 9712703290

Ang Babae sa Basag na Salamin (1994) ISBN 9716850328

Araw ng mga Puso ISBN 971685014X

Apat Na Screenplay ISBN 9712704475

Ang Kabilang Panig ng Bakod

Hugot sa Sinapupunan

Desisyon

Sumakay tayo sa buwan

Short fiction collections[edit]

Buwan, Buwan, Hulugan Mo Ako ng Sundang: Dalawang Dekada ng Maiikling Kuwento

Desaparesidos

Screenplays[edit]

Sakada (Co-writer)

Kung Mahawi Man ang Ulap

Bulaklak sa City Jail

Kadenang Bulaklak

The Maricris Sioson Story

Nena

Bata, Bata...Pa'no Ka Ginawa?: The Screenplay

Dekada '70

Ang Tondo ay May Langit din - Khonde

Gusto Ko Nang Lumigaya "Screenplay"

Sex Object

Isang Kabanata sa Libro ng Buhay ni Leilani Cruzaldo (Television drama)

Television Scripts[edit]

Dear Teacher (Co-writer)

Daga sa Timba ng Tubig

Mama

Pira-pirasong Pangarap

Desaparesidos (1998)

Jos Protasio Rizal Mercado[7] y Alonso Realonda, popularly known as Jos Rizal (Spanish
pronunciation: [xose risal]; June 19, 1861 December 30, 1896), was aFilipino
nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.
An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the
Filipino Propaganda Movement which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain. He
was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after an anti-colonial
revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively involved in its
planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to Philippine
independence. He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines, and is implied
by Philippine law to be one of the national heroes.[8] He was the author of the novels Noli Me
Tngere[9] and El filibusterismo,[10] and a number of poems and essays.
Rizal wrote mostly in Spanish, the lingua franca of the Spanish Philippines, though some of his
letters (for example Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos) were written in Tagalog. His works have
since been translated into a number of languages including Tagalog and English.

Novels and essays

Noli Me Tngere, novel, 1887 (literally Spanish for 'touch me not', from John 20:17)[45]

El Filibusterismo, (novel, 1891), sequel to Noli Me Tngere

Alin Mang Lahi" ("Whate'er the Race"), a Kundiman attributed to Dr. Jos Rizal[46]

The Friars and the Filipinos (Unfinished)

Toast to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo (Speech, 1884), given at Restaurante Ingles, Madrid

The Diaries of Jos Rizal

Rizal's Letters is a compendium of Dr. Jose Rizal's letters to his family members, Blumentritt,
Fr. Pablo Pastells and other reformers

"Come se gobiernan las Filipinas" (Governing the Philippine islands)

Filipinas dentro de cien aos essay, 188990 (The Philippines a Century Hence)
La Indolencia de los Filipinos, essay, 1890 (The indolence of Filipinos)[47]

Makamisa unfinished novel

Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos, essay, 1889, To the Young Women of Malolos

Annotations to Antonio de Moragas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (essay, 1889, Events in
the Philippine Islands)

Juan Luna y Novicio (October 23, 1857 December 7, 1899) was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a
political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. He became one of the first
recognized Philippine artists.
His winning the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts, along with the silver win of
fellow Filipino painter Flix Resurreccin Hidalgo, prompted a celebration which was a major
highlight in the memoirs of members of the Propaganda Movement, with the
fellow Ilustrados toasting to the two painters' good health and to the brotherhood between Spain and
the Philippines.
Regarded for work done in the manner of the Spanish, Italian and French academies of his time,
Luna painted literary and historical scenes, some with an underscore of political commentary. His
allegorical works were inspired with classical balance, and often showed figures in theatrical poses.

PAINTED SPOLARIUM

Edgardo M. Reyes is a Filipino male novelist. His literature first appeared in

the Tagalog magazine, Liwayway. His novels include Laro sa Baga

His works and Philippine cinema[edit]

Apart from being a book author, Edgardo M. Reyes is also a screenwriter whose film credits
include Sa Kagubatan ng Lungsod (The Jungle in the City) (1975), Hoy Mister Ako ang Misis
Mo (Hey Mister I Am Your Wife) (1976) and Uod at Rosas (Of Worms and Roses) (1982). The plot
descriptions of these films had been cited and reviewed by the New York Times newspaper.[2]

Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag[edit]

Edgardo M. Reyes's Tagalog novel Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag had later been adapted into film by the
well-known Philippine director, Lino Brocka and was given the title Maynila, Sa mga Kuko ng
Liwanag (Manila: In the Claws of Light), which had also been reviewed by the New York Times in
1975. It had been spotlighted once more at the Walter Read Theater of the Lincoln Center from 31
July through 20 August 1999. It was included in the said film festival to celebrate the 100th year of
Philippine Independence organized by the Film Society of Lincoln Center, in partnership with the
Philippine Centennial Commission, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, IFFCOM, the Philippine
Information Agency, the Consulate General of the Philippines in New York and the Philippine
Centennial Coordinating Council Northeast USA. The book version was republished in the
Philippines by the De La Salle University Press in 1986.[3][4]

Laro sa Baga[edit]

The Film[edit]
Edgardo M. Reyes's Laro sa Baga (Playing with Fire) has also been made into a movie in 2000. The
said cinematography version has been a feature film, with English subtitles, during the 2005 New
York Filipino Film Festival from 10 to 16 June 2005 and was screened at the ImaginAsian Cinema,
239 East 59 Street (between 2nd & 3rd Avenues). Laro sa Baga is an erotic romantic odyssey: an

intense drama of a young couple who fell in love while exploring the politics of sexual awakening and
social relations.[5] A racy movie with full-frontal male nudity, the film examines how innocence can
easily turn into deceit, and how tender passions can unexpectedly explode into violence. Several
subplots in the novel were compromised for the screenplay such as the exclusion of characters
Victoria Gonzaga and her daughter of unclarified origin, Teng. Other subplots were intertwined to cut
the main plotline short. It was directed by the Filipino director, Chito Roo, with a cast of actors that
include Carlos Morales and Ara Mina. It won best picture during the Urian 2000.[6]

Writing credits (filmography)[edit]

Laro sa Baga (2000), film adaptation and screenplay

Bangkang Papel sa Dagat ng Apoy (1984), story/novel

Idol (1984), screenplay

Uod at Rosas (Of Worms and Roses) (1982)

P.S. I Love You (1981)

Tanikala (1980), story and screenplay

Maynila, 1970 (1979), screenwriter

Atsay (1978), screenplay

Boy Pana (Terror ng Maynila '63) (1978)

Ligaw na Bulaklak (Wildflower) (1976), story/novel

Maynila: Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag (Manila or Manila in the Claws of Neon (Philippines)
or The Nail of Brightness (USA)) (1975), novel

Sa Kagubatan ng Lunsod (The Jungle in the City) (1975)

Hayop sa Porma, Hanep sa Ganda (2005), associate director

Bangkang Papel sa Dagat ng Apoy (1984), director

Solidaridad: Faith, Hope and Heaven (1989), director[7]

Diwalwal: Bundok ng Ginto (2009)

Nicomedes Mrquez Joaqun (May 4, 1917 April 29, 2004) was a Filipino writer, historian and
journalist, best known for his short stories and novels in the English language. He also wrote using
the pen name Quijano de Manila. Joaqun was conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the
Philippines for Literature.
He is considered[by whom?] one of the most important Filipino writers in English, and the third most
important overall, after Jos Rizal and Claro M. Recto.

Early life and education[edit]

Joaqun was born in Paco, Manila, one of ten children of Leocadio Joaqun, a colonel under General
Emilio Aguinaldo in the 1896 Revolution, and Salome Mrquez, a teacher of English and Spanish.
As a boy, after being read poems and stories by his mother, Joaqun read widely in his father's
library and at the National Library of the Philippines. By then, his father had become a successful
lawyer after the revolution. From reading, Joaqun became interested in writing.

At age 17, Joaqun had his first piece published, in the literary section of the pre-World War
II Tribune, where he worked as a proofreader. It was accepted by the writer and editor Serafn Lanot.
After Joaqun won a nationwide essay competition to honor La Naval de Manila, sponsored by
the Dominican Order, the University of Santo Tomas awarded him an honorary Associate in Arts
(A.A.) and a scholarship to St. Albert's Convent, the Dominican monastery in Hong Kong.

Career[edit]
After returning to the Philippines, Joaqun joined the Philippines Free Press, starting as a
proofreader. He soon attracted notice for his poems, stories and plays, as well as his journalism
under the pen name Quijano de Manila. His journalism was both intellectual and provocative, an
unknown genre in the Philippines at that time, and raised the country's level of reportage.

Nick Joaquin is interred at theLibingan ng mga Bayani.

Joaqun deeply admired Jos Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, paying him tribute in such
books as The Storyteller's New Medium Rizal in Saga, The Complete Poems and Plays of Jose
Rizal, and A Question of Heroes: Essays in Criticism on Ten Key Figures of Philippine History. He
translated the hero's valedictory poem, in the original SpanishMi Ultimo Adios, as "Land That I Love,
Farewell!"
Joaqun represented the Philippines at the International PEN Congress in Tokyo in 1957, and was
appointed as a member of the Motion Pictures commission under presidentsDiosdado
Macapagal and Ferdinand E. Marcos.
After being honored as National Artist, Joaquin used his position to work for intellectual freedom in
society. He secured the release of imprisoned writer Jos F. Lacaba. At a ceremony on Mount
Makiling attended by First Lady Imelda Marcos, Joaqun delivered an invocation to Mariang Makiling,
the mountain's mythical maiden. Joaqun touched on the importance of freedom and the artist. After
that, Joaqun was excluded by the Marcos regime as a speaker at important cultural events.
Joaqun died of cardiac arrest in the early morning of April 29, 2004, at his home in San Juan, Metro
Manila. He was then editor of Philippine Graphic magazine, where he worked with Juan P. Dayang,

the magazine's first publisher. Joaqun was also publisher of its sister publication, Mirror Weekly, a
womens magazine, and wrote the column Small Beer for the Philippine Daily Inquirer andIsyu, an
opinion tabloid.

Adaptations[edit]

Tatarin (2001), a movie based on Joaquns short story "The Summer Solstice", was directed
by Amable Tikoy Aguiluz. The screenplay was written by Ricardo Lee. Joaqun was
consulted on the film. The cast included notable Filipino actors Edu Manzano (as Paeng
Moreta,) Dina Bonnevie (Lupe Moreta), Rica Peralejo (Amada), and Raymond B. Bagatsing.

Works[edit]

May Day Eve (1947)

Prose and Poems (1952)

The Woman Who had Two Navels (1961)

La Naval de Manila and Other Essays (1964)

A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966)

Tropical Gothic (1972)

A Question of Heroes (1977)

Joseph Estrada and Other Sketches (1977)

Nora Aunor & Other Profiles (1977)

Ronnie Poe & Other Silhouettes (1977)

Reportage on Lovers (1977)

Reportage on Crime (1977)

Amalia Fuentes & Other Etchings (1977)

Gloria Diaz & Other Delineations (1977)

Doveglion & Other Cameos (1977)

Language of the Streets and Other Essays (1977)

Manila: Sin City and Other Chronicles (1977)

Pop Stories for Groovy Kids (1979)

Reportage on the Marcoses (1979)

Language of the Street and Other Essays (1980)

The Ballad of the Five Battles (1981)

Reportage on Politics (1981)

Tropical Baroque (1982)

The Aquinos of Tarlac: An Essay on History as Three Generations (1983)

Almanac for Manileos

Cave and Shadows (1983)

The Quartet of the Tiger Moon: Scenes from the People Power Apocalypse (1986)

Collected Verse (1987)

Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Philippine Becoming (1988)

Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young (1990),

The D.M. Guevara Story (1993),

Mr. F.E.U., the Culture Hero That Was Nicanor Reyes (1995).

Rizal in Saga (1996)

ABE: A Frank Sketch of E. Aguilar Cruz (2004)

Francisco Baltazar (born Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz; April 2, 1788 February 20, 1862),
also known as Francisco Baltazar, was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered one of
the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic, Florante
at Laura, is regarded as his defining work.
The name "Baltazar", sometimes misconstrued as a pen name, was a legal surname Balagtas
adopted after the 1849 edict of Governor-General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua, which mandated that
the native population adopt standard Spanish surnames instead of native ones. His trainer is Jose
Dela Cruz that also called Huseng Sisiw

Complete works[edit]
Only 3 of Balagtas' works survived complete and intact to this day. Out of the 3, "Florante at Laura"
is considered Balagtas' defining work and is a cultural touchstone for the Philippines.

Florante at Laura or Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at Laura sa Kaharian ng Albanya,

an awit (metrical narrative poem with dodecasyllabic quatrains [12 syllables per line, 4 lines
per stanza]); Balagtas' masterpiece

La India elegante y el negrito amante a short play in one part

Orosman at Zafira a comedia in three parts

Amado Vera Hernandez, commonly known as Amado V. Hernandez (September 13, 1903March
24, 1970), was a Filipino writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices
in the Philippinesand was later imprisoned for his involvement in the communist movement. He was
the central figure in a landmark legal case that took 13 years to settle.
He was born in Hagonoy, Bulacan but grew up in Tondo, Manila, where he studied at the Manila
High School and at the American Correspondence School.
Novels[edit]
His socio-political novels were based on his experiences as a guerrilla, as a labor leader and as a
political detainee.

Mga Ibong Mandaragit (Birds of Prey),1969

Luha Ng Buwaya (Crocodile's Tears), 1972