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TABLE OF CONTENTS
About Us....................................................................................... 03
Contact Information...................................................................... 04
Key Contacts................................................................................ 04
ABOUT US
Fekete Associates Inc. is a consulting company based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. We provide integrated
reservoir management services and software to the oil and gas industry worldwide. Founded in 1973, the
company has grown on the basis of its technical excellence and client service. Our client list includes over
1000 companies worldwide.
Our Staff
Fekete currently has a full-time staff of over 170 engineers, geologists, technologists, programmers and
support personnel.
Our Software
As an integral part of our petroleum engineering and geological consulting work, we develop software that
incorporates the latest in technology. Our software is innovative, easy to use, and provides practical and
advanced solutions for reservoir engineering and production optimization projects.
Our Services
Fekete approaches every project with a dynamic, technical, and practical attitude. We remain on the leading
edge of research in reservoir engineering and implement best practices into our software and services.
This is reflected in the wide variety of projects undertaken over the years and has resulted in better reservoir
management and production optimization for our clients. The professional quality of Feketes work is matched
by our continuing service and technical support.
CONTACT INFORMATION
Calgary
Houston
fekete.com
KEY CONTACTS
Louis Mattar, President
Email: lmattar@fekete.com
David Dunn, Senior Vice President
Email: ddunn@fekete.com
Edward Ferguson, Senior Vice President
Email: eferguson@fekete.com
Casey OShea, Vice President - Business Development
Email: coshea@fekete.com
Dave Anderson, Vice President - Software
Email: danderson@fekete.com
Kevin Dunn, Vice President - Sales and Marketing
Email: kdunn@fekete.com
Mehran Pooladi-Darvish, Vice President - Engineering
Email: mpooladidarvish@fekete.com
Fekete Harmony is a software environment created by Fekete to host our Well Performance Analysis
applications. Fekete Harmony includes tools for the preparation, editing and visualization of data which
will be used in various analysis techniques, and summarizes the results in a comprehensive reporting tool.
Fekete Harmony also allows the development of customized workflows that will reflect a companys specific
strategy or experience in reservoir evaluations.
Fekete Harmony includes the following products:
F.A.S.T. DeclinePlus
F.A.S.T. RTA
Products coming to Fekete Harmony in 2011 Q4:
F.A.S.T. CBM
F.A.S.T. VirtuWell
SOFTWARE
Reserve Evaluation:
Assign reserve classifications to well or group
forecasts. Consolidate entity forecasts to group
and hierarchy levels based on reserve
classification or forecast name. Consolidations
update dynamically with changes to individual
well forecasts.
GIS:
An interactive map allows for incorporation of
geological interpretations. Wells can be selected
and grouped through the GIS. Shapefiles and
image files such as topographical maps, net pay,
surface facilities, and land holdings are easily
incorporated. New wells and undeveloped
locations are created with a single click.
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
Identify appropriate analog wells for type well forecasting.
Create type well decline curve for use in undeveloped
locations.
.
Apply type well decline curve to wells with limited production
history and adjust to well performance.
Background:
Analysis:
Use Type Well decline to create average forecast for the area,
EUR x Bcf.
Apply type well forecast to wells with limited history and well
locations.
Results:
Type Well decline based on the average performance of wells.
Undeveloped locations added to GIS.
Type Well forecast applied to undeveloped locations and wells
with limited production history.
Consolidations based on reserve types
for economics.
Case Study
SOFTWARE
RATE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
Reservoir Characterization:
Use a variety of advance decline analyses type
curves and models in F.A.S.T. RTA to determine
skin, permeability, drainage area, and fracture
half-length.
Operating Diagnostics:
Production Optimization:
Generate a production forecast and conduct
what if scenario analyses to assess the
potential impact of changing the operating
conditions at the wellhead: adding compression,
drilling infill wells, stimulating the well, etc.
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
Identify the optimal drilling location for an infill well.
Determine if offset wells are interfering with the original
producing well.
Estimate total reservoir OGIP.
Background:
Conventional gas reservoir in western Canada.
Field had produced for one year.
Limited shut-in data but good flowing rate and pressure data.
Optimize production of producing wells.
Three wells in study:
- Primary well came on at 1.6 MMcfd.
- First offset came on at 2.0 MMcfd.
- Second offset was marginal producer.
Analysis:
Case Study
Results:
SOFTWARE
10
Reserve Estimation:
(a)
(b)
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
Forecast future production and reserves update.
Optimize production of producing wells.
Identify the infill drilling potential and devise development plan.
Build a gas gathering model that could be used for field
optimization.
Background:
History matching and post-historical data
production forecast.
Case Study
Results:
Analysis:
11
SOFTWARE
12
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
100
To Determine:
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Background:
8000
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Analysis:
Figure 3: NPV Plot Comparing Three qmax
Scenarios
Net Present Value versus Total Number of Wells
12000
11000
qmax = 5 MMscfd
10000
9000
qmax = 10 MMscfd
7000
Unrestricted
6000
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0
0
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Results:
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0.00
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Tim e (m onth)
6.50
7.00
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8.50
9.00
Case Study
2000
Number of Wells
8000
13
SOFTWARE
DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING
14
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
CASE 1
Results:
The plot represents a comparison between the amount of N2
(blue), total gas (red), and the net reservoir gas (green)
produced. The black line represents the total N2 injected.
By the end of the test, the amount of N2 that is returned from
the formation is 1,473 mscf.
Objectives:
To determine the amount of frac liquid recovered during the
post-frac swab operation.
Background:
Perforated the first zone and performed an initial frac using 200
bbl of fluid.
This was followed up 24 hours later with another frac using 940
bbl of fluid.
Perforated the second zone and performed an initial frac using
673 bbl of frac fluid.
Results:
The table illustrates a typical swab recovery template with the
corresponding plot below.
During this swab operation, they recovered 880 bbl of 1,666
bbl leaving 786 bbl for the production testers.
Case Study
CASE 2
What is the Best Way to Record and Report Well Test Data?
1,600 mscf of nitrogen pumped into the well during the frac
treatment.
15
SOFTWARE
GAS GATHERING SYSTEM ANALYSIS
16
Production Optimization:
Various diagnostics allow for easy
identification of:
Bottlenecks within the gathering system.
Data errors.
Liquid load-up in the wellbore.
Uplift potential.
Build a gas gathering model that could be
used for field optimization.
Production Forecasting and Development
Justification:
Determine wellbore, pipeline and compression
requirements. Run what if scenarios to assess
the impact of drilling infill wells, adding
compression and adding pipeline capacity.
Determine if proposed developments are
economic based on F.A.S.T. Piper forecasts.
Import F.A.S.T. RTA and F.A.S.T. CBM
Models:
Investigate the field wide response of your
calibrated reservoir characterization. Quantify
flush production on a daily or monthly basis,
investigate the extent of the back-out of existing
wells and identify potential problems due to
liquid loading. Modify reservoir parameters to
evaluate the impact of re-completions and
schedule those changes to reflect current
timelines.
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
Determine production improvement from debottlenecking
gathering system.
Background:
90 wells on production.
Psuction = 170 psia.
Wellhead pressures range 200 psia - 500 psia.
Total gas rate 16.0 MMscfd.
Analysis:
Generated a model with additional 14 miles of 8 pipeline to
evaluate the Pressure Distribution Map and the Frictional
Pressure Loss Map.
Increased compressor capacity to account for additional gas
volumes.
Results:
Reduced suction pressure by 40 psia.
Reduced wellhead pressure by as much as 300 psia.
Other Studies:
11 other gathering systems are modeled and updated on a
regular basis for this company.
Case Study
Mainline bottleneck.
17
SOFTWARE
WELLBORE OPTIMIZATION
18
Wellbore Optimization
Soaping.
Alternate flow paths.
Determine expected rates for various scenarios.
Wellbore Diagram:
Visually construct detailed schematics for
complex wellbores.
Enter TVD and MD.
Single or multiple perforations.
Model tapered casing and / or tubing.
Choke Analysis:
Find the most appropriate choke size to reach a
certain flow rate or pressure.
Enter choke size and set depth.
Single or multiphase (gas, water, oil,
condensate) flow.
Full flow rate range.
Objectives:
Identify if and why the well is liquid loading.
Evaluate the effect of coiled tubing.
Background:
Vertical gas well in east Texas.
Well has now produced for 4 months.
2-7/8 Tubing to 11,200 ft.
5-1/2 Casing to 11,540 ft.
Perfs from 11,150 ft to 11,237 ft.
No bottomhole flowing pressures measured.
Results:
1-1/2 coiled tubing was installed and the well unloaded as
expected. New wells in the area have since been completed
with 1-1/2 coiled tubing from initial
production.
Well history:
Case Study
CASE STUDY
19
SOFTWARE
20
CASE STUDY
Objectives:
To establish the reservoir flow characteristics and obtain a
reasonable production forecast.
Analysis:
The pressure recorders were retrieved after a 2 week build-up
and revealed a much different story.
Even without detailed analysis, pressure loss is evident and
raises suspicions of a very limited reservoir.
History matching indicates:
- a zone of good permeability that extends to a radius of
about 525 ft from the well (20 acres).
- a tight zone that extends to a radius of about 1200 ft from
the well (105 acres).
- an OGIP of 0.94 Bcf.
Case Study
Results:
Background:
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SERVICES
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
Feketes geoscientists have evaluated prospects around the world. The strength of our expertise is
the interdisciplinary co-operation between Feketes geological, petrophysical, geophysical, and
reservoir engineering staff, and the integration of their results to arrive at a practical and technically
rigorous reservoir interpretation.
The geoscience teams interpretation of oil and gas reservoirs incorporates all pertinent
stratigraphic, structural, and petrophysical analyses. Gross and net pay analyses and the areal
extent of reservoirs are determined through detailed correlations of hydrocarbon zones and
surrounding strata. The stratigraphy, lithology, depositional environment and subsurface structure
are also assessed. Also, Fekete determines reservoir parameters from petrophysical logs, core
analyses, drillstem tests and well completion information. Mapping and modeling of reservoirs is
completed utilizing all available information for a study area.
Feketes geological professionals provide an array of services for both domestic and international
projects. These include:
Basin Analysis:
Sequence stratigraphic analysis.
Paleo-environmental interpretation.
Resource mapping and assessments.
Exploration prospect generation and risk assessment.
Petroleum geochemistry.
Reservoir Management:
Basin analysis and modeling for production
optimization (including EOR secondary &
tertiary recovery).
Basin and regional studies for hydrocarbon
potential.
Gas storage evaluations.
Property evaluations and resource
assessments.
Regulatory applications.
Expert witness.
Petrophysical / Core Evaluations:
Petrophysical evaluations.
Sequence stratigraphy stratigraphic and
sedimentological interpretation.
Detailed core descriptions.
Depositional facies analysis.
3D Reservoir Modeling:
Digitizing and volumetrics.
Reservoir characterization and subsurface
mapping.
Reservoir simulation structural and facies
modeling and upscaling.
22
SERVICES
PIPELINE
GEOLOGICAL
OPTIMIZATION
STUDIES
Feketes abilities in gas gathering system optimization have been recognized as a truly unique and
valuable service to the oil and gas industry. Using our F.A.S.T. Piper software, Feketes engineers
are able to build a model of a gas gathering system that includes the surface gathering system,
wellbores, and reservoirs.
On the surface, F.A.S.T. Piper has the capability to model complex pipeline systems with actual
sizes, routes, and elevation changes along with various facilities such as compressors, separators,
off-takes, and intakes. Wellbore modeling allows the engineer to analyze wellhead and sandface
deliverability and determine if and when a well is capable of lifting liquids to surface. In addition,
tank-type (volumetric depletion), transient, water-drive, connected, geopressured or coalbed
methane reservoirs may be incorporated into a F.A.S.T. Piper model.
After building the model, Fekete personnel can conduct a field tour to obtain accurate flowing
pressures and investigate compressor operations. This provides a snapshot of system
performance to which the model is calibrated in order to represent actual field conditions. After
calibration, future production forecasts can be generated with what if scenarios, including
compressor changes, new well tie-ins, debottlenecking, accelerated recovery, and more.
From multiple zone / multiple pressured systems in Alberta, coalbed methane systems in
Wyoming, high pressure gas in Pakistan, to tight gas in Australia, our engineers have accumulated
a vast range of experience and valuable insight. Many clients have chosen Feketes expertise
because our recommendations generate immediate production increases at minimal cost and risk.
Feketes engineers can build a model of
a gas gathering system including:
Actual pipeline sizes, routes, and
elevation changes.
Well deliverabilities.
Multiple zones with different pressures,
reserves, and depletion.
Multiple delivery points.
Different gas compositions.
Rigorous model based production
forecasting.
Aquifer support or communicating
reservoir modeling for material balance.
Compositional tracking for product
allocation.
Historical production matches and
overlays.
23
SERVICES
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
PRODUCTION
OPTIMIZATION
Feketes Production Optimization group investigates and identifies upside reserve and production
potential which can then be developed and added to your booked reserves. We have developed a
comprehensive Opportunity Banking Database process which incorporates geological, reservoir,
completion, production, and economic analyses into a comprehensive summary of your assets.
Specifically, the process includes petrophysical evaluation of bypassed pay including offset
analogies and recommended perforation intervals, testing programming, remedial workover
programming for under-performing wells, assessment of optimal well spacing, abandonment
liabilities, and project economics. All projects are managed in a knowledgeable database with
additional information appended as operations advance.
Projects are prioritized so that they can be instantly reactivated if oil or gas prices jump or new
facilities are built nearby. Project tracking is easy and ideas are never lost with staff turnover. We
have many years of experience and an excellent track record. Clients have realized millions of
dollars of upside production based on our results.
Another specialized service is Wellbore Optimization using Feketes F.A.S.T. VirtuWell software.
IPRs, AOF curves, liquid loading, stripper compressors, choke sizing, and velocity strings are
modeled to determine the best downhole tubular configuration.
In addition, Feketes Production Optimization group enjoys working on unusual projects that do
not fit conventional categories. These include:
Acid gas disposal.
Frac optimization.
Expert witness testimony.
Audit of field operations for best
practices and cost effectiveness.
Ultimately, our goal is to maximize recovery by
optimizing production and operations of your oil
and gas assets. We investigate all aspects of
the problem by drawing upon Feketes
multi-disciplinary expertise. In the end, we bring
forward solutions that either add value or cut
costs.
24
SERVICES
REGULATORY
GEOLOGICAL
APPLICATIONS
STUDIES
Fekete assists oil and gas companies in their reservoir management plans by pre-planning and
obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. We
have completed and received approval for thousands of applications. Our applications are
technically complete, accurate, and ensure a favorable evaluation by the regulatory authorities.
We can also provide expert witness testimony at government and court hearings. By using Fekete
to handle your regulatory applications, your staff can concentrate on their core responsibilities.
The applications we routinely prepare are:
Downspacing.
Holdings.
Gas production in oil sands areas.
Commingled production.
Good production practice (GPP).
Concurrent production.
Gas-oil ratio penalty relief.
WGR and ECF exemptions.
Pool delineation.
Enhanced recovery (waterflood).
Water disposal.
Acid gas disposal.
Metering waivers.
Allowable calculations.
0-38 submissions.
Primary schemes for heavy oil.
CEE / CDE new pool classification.
25
SERVICES
RESERVES EVALUATION
Feketes qualified reserve and resource evaluators identify and address key technical and
economic issues. We use our considerable in-house experience, specialized expertise and the full
spectrum of Feketes software to understand your reservoirs, to model and forecast production,
and to provide reserve estimates with confidence.
We prepare professional NI 51-101 and SEC compliant reserve reports for Canadian and United
States regulators. We conduct, appraise, and audit reserves for a variety of purposes including:
Annual corporate reserve evaluations.
Individual property reports for acquisition, divestment, and mergers.
Audit of company reserves to satisfy banking requirements.
Fair market value estate evaluations.
Submissions to regulatory authorities regarding issues that require economic evaluations
(i.e. otherwise flared solution gas holidays).
Assessments of prospective undeveloped lands.
Reserve certification for international / foreign clients.
As we conduct our diligent review of your wells and properties, we make recommendations on
reservoir management issues such as:
Increasing well density to maximize recovery.
Providing alternative pipeline / compressor routes to alleviate deliverability restrictions.
Enhanced recovery.
Monitoring well performance (flowing pressures and rates).
Conducting a pressure build-up test to determine well damage or for pool delineation.
Integrating seismic and geological models with our reservoir interpretations.
Our groups most important assets are our people, our reputation, and our relationships with our
clients, the financial community, and the multitude of stakeholders who rely on a fair and
independent reserve report.
26
SERVICES
27
SERVICES
UNCONVENTIONAL GAS STUDIES
Fekete helps clients engaged in coalbed methane (CBM) and shale development to optimize
production from new or existing wells. In the past few years, Fekete has been involved in a number
of unconventional gas projects including:
Undertaking industry funded initiatives to study shale gas.
Reserve estimation of tight gas.
Analysis of production data and production forecast for Coalbed Methane reservoirs
(including Horseshoe Canyon coal, Mannville coal, San Juan Basin, Black Warrior Basin,
Drunkard Wash, ).
Analysis of production data and production forecast for shale gas reservoirs (Appalachian,
Barnett, Haynesville, Montney).
Reserve evaluation of CBM, tight gas and shale gas reservoirs.
Provide evidence and engineering support for regulatory applications such as downspacing.
Production optimization of new or mature CBM wells.
Preparing engineering reports to determine a CBM-specific development strategy.
Feketes Unconventional Gas group has completed a variety of coalbed methane studies with
some consisting of more than 1,000 wells. They include the high pressure, high gas content coals
in the San Juan Basin, multi-zone coals of the Black Warrior Basin, dry Horseshoe Canyon and wet
Mannville coals in Alberta, and Bowen Basin coals in Australia. Our completed projects include:
Viability of developing new CBM resources.
Optimal infill well spacing for development of existing fields.
Gas production forecasts and estimation of de-watering periods.
Reserve evaluation using volumetrics, traditional decline, static and flowing material balance
and history matching.
Field development strategy.
CBM gathering system optimization using F.A.S.T. Piper.
Using the required engineering tools from simple single well tank-type models to complex
multi-well gridded numerical models, Fekete engineers address complexities that arise in the
analysis of unconventional gas reservoirs and generate reliable production forecasts. The
complexities include but are not limited to gas desorption, diffusion, dual porosity reservoirs,
undersaturated/saturated CBM reservoirs and reservoirs consisting of multiple layers of coal and
sand.
28
SERVICES
At Fekete, we approach our business with a dynamic, technical and practical attitude.
We have seen significant client value in combining our well test (Pressure Transient) and
advanced decline (Rate Transient) analysis services under one common umbrella called
Well Test & Production Data Analysis. Results obtained from combining both services allow a
greater understanding of the reservoir, completion efficiency and optimization potential. Our
expertise is further strengthened by our interdisciplinary co-operation between these services and
with Feketes geological, petrophysical, geophysical and reservoir engineering professionals.
PROJECTS:
Well Test Analysis
Design and analysis of various tests (flow & buildup, injection & falloff, DST, perforation
inflow, minifrac tests) to determine critical reservoir properties such as reservoir pressure,
permeability, skin and fracture properties.
Estimate distances to reservoir
boundaries and / or heterogeneities and
establish reservoir volume.
Predict deliverability potential at various
flowing conditions.
Recommend potential stimulation (for
damaged wells) or optimization
candidates (utilizing tubing performance
curves and liquid lift calculations).
On-site supervision and software
training.
Advanced Decline Analysis
Accurate determination of in-place
volumes.
Reservoir characterization (permeability,
skin, fracture half-length).
Diagnose changing skin or permeability
conditions.
Monitor well performance in competitive
drainage situations.
Monitor productivity to ensure proper
production allocation.
Determination of optimal well spacing
and recoveries from infill drilling.
Providing drainage areas for regulatory
downspacing applications.
Proof of tight gas for government tax
credits.
29
PROJECT EXPERIENCE
Fekete has conducted projects in the following geographical areas:
Canada:
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick,
Newfoundland, North West Territories, Nova Scotia,
Ontario, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory
Africa/Middle East:
Algeria, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Jordan, Libya, Iran,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Tanzania, Tunisia, United
Arab Emirates, Yemen
USA:
Alaska, California, Colorado, Indiana, Kansas,
Kentucky, Louisiana, New Mexico, Michigan,
Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Wyoming
Europe:
Austria, France, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Netherlands,
North Sea, Spain, Turkey
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Australasia:
Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Mongolia, Pakistan,
Papua New Guinea, Philippines
TRAINING
Fekete regularly teaches F.A.S.T. Software and Petroleum Engineering courses. Our instructors bring the
best of advanced research and practical experience into the classroom. Students gain immediate, real-world
skills that are applicable in their daily job. Completing a course from us will help expedite your learning and
enable you to better solve your reservoir or production optimization problems.
A Fekete course gives you immediate access, not only to our experts who use the software daily, but to
technical advice on projects that you may currently be working on. Our courses provide an environment in
which you can practice with case study material and sample files taken from actual studies conducted by
Fekete. This gives you the confidence to apply techniques covered in the course immediately after you return
to your job.
F.A.S.T. Software Courses: Fekete Harmony | F.A.S.T. DeclinePlus, F.A.S.T. CBM, F.A.S.T.
FieldNotes, F.A.S.T. Piper, F.A.S.T. RTA, F.A.S.T. VirtuWell, F.A.S.T. WellTest, Unconventional Gas Field
Development using F.A.S.T. RTA and F.A.S.T. Piper, Unconventional Pressure Transient Analysis in F.A.S.T.
WellTest and Unconventional Rate Transient Analysis in F.A.S.T. RTA
Petroleum Engineering Courses: Well Test Interpretation, Modern Production Data Analysis for
Unconventional Reservoirs, Gas Deliverability Forecasting, Oil and Gas Well Spacing in Alberta
Additional Training: In addition to our regularly scheduled courses, Fekete has developed a number of
Lunch & Learn presentations and In-House Training courses to meet your needs. Please contact our course
coordinator at fast@fekete.com to learn more about the course offerings provided by Fekete.
31
Copyright 2011 Fekete Associates Inc. Printed in Canada. All logos and trademarks are the registered property of Fekete Associates Inc.
COALBED METHANE
RESERVOIR ANALYSIS
MAIN FEATURES
Isotherm / Volumetrics:
Analytical Models:
History Matching:
Matrix Shrinkage:
Material Balance:
Estimate original-gas-in-place using static material balance
(including King, Seidle and Jensen & Smith methods) or flowing
material balance (for dry coal).
Well Monitoring:
Deliverability Forecasting:
Multi-Layer Modeling:
Numerical Models:
Use the well monitoring option to closely monitor the key factors
affecting the production of new wells.
Use the multi-layer functionality to history match the production or
generate forecast for a well perforated into multi zones of coal
and sand.
Risk Analysis:
Data Diagnostics:
Analyze your CBM wells using F.A.S.T. CBM. Import the results
in F.A.S.T. Piper to forecast multiple wells & optimize tie-in
locations, pipeline capacity and compression.
MAIN FEATURES
Type Wells and Analog Performance:
Normalize analog well production to create a Type Well performance profile. Use the clipboard functionality to easily apply
profiles to wells with little or no historical production.
Advanced Workflows:
Create analyses that can be independent or can be linked to
enforce consistency in results. Develop user defined plot
templates with automatically generated analyses. Re-organize
the data hierarchy on-the-fly to analyze groups based on an
extensive list of parameters. Incorporate F.A.S.T. RTA into the
workflow and compare results from traditional and advanced
methods on the same plots.
Consolidations:
Consolidate entity forecasts to group and hierarchy levels based
on reserve classification or forecast name. Consolidations
update dynamically with changes to well forecasts.
Forecasts Worksheet:
Easily create by-product forecasts using constant or variable
ratios. View, copy/paste or export entity forecasts for easy
transition into economic software.
MAIN FEATURES
Determine Optimum Well Spacing:
Time (month)
DATA COLLECTION
AND REPORTING
MAIN FEATURES
PAS Requirements:
Meets Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) Pressure
ASCII Standard (PAS) requirements for electronic production test
data submission in Alberta, Canada.
GAS GATHERING
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
MAIN FEATURES
Integrated Asset Modeling:
Well Deliverability:
Diagnostics:
Analyze outputs by means of onscreen displays, bubble maps
and various data plots and exports. Use pressure-based bubble
maps to quickly identify high back pressure areas. Use velocity
and friction based link maps to identify bottlenecks. Use uplift
and drawdown bubble maps to identify wells with significant
untapped potential. Visualize the impact on field pressure when
incorporating development changes such as a proposed drilling
program, additional compression, or new pipeline loops.
Economics:
Evaluate the economics of a Piper scenario. Account for the
capital costs of adding new wells ,facilities and pipelines. Model
the fixed and variable costs of operating your system throughout
the fields life. Adjust for inflation and set a discount rate. Specify
a price deck based on either volume or energy content pricing.
Evaluate individual wells or the system as a whole based on its
net present value and cash flow.
Production Forecasting:
Combine deliverability with various reservoir models to forecast
future production. Reservoir models include conventional
volumetric (Tank-type), transient, water-drive, connected,
geo-pressured and coalbed methane.
RATE TRANSIENT
ANALYSIS
MAIN FEATURES
Fetkovich Type Curves:
Specialized Analysis:
Blasingame:
Type curves for analyzing variable rate/variable pressure systems.
Vertical, horizontal, fractured, and water-drive reservoirs. Estimates
original fluid-in-place, permeability, skin, and fracture half-length.
Agarwal-Gardner:
Includes raw and smoothed data derivative plots. Vertical,
fractured, and water-drive reservoirs. Estimates original fluid-inplace, permeability, skin, and fracture half-length.
Wattenbarger:
Data Diagnostics:
Type curves for analyzing linear flow. Estimates original fluid-inplace, permeability, and fracture half-length.
WELLBORE
OPTIMIZATION
MAIN FEATURES
Wellbore / Sandface Deliverability:
Plunger Lift:
Tubing Performance:
Assess fluid-carrying capacity of wellbores and determine effects
on deliverability with changes to wellbore configurations in both
gas and oil wells.
Wellbore Modeling:
Reservoir Model:
Wellbore Schematics:
Liquid Lift:
Determine minium flow rate for liquid lift to avoid fall-back and
load-up in gas wells.
ADVANCED PRESSURE
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
MAIN FEATURES
Quick & Easy Data Entry:
Test Design:
Analytical Modeling:
PAS Requirements:
Deliverability Forecasting:
Other:
Analyze results from multi-rate tests to determine the components of the total skin factor. Establish IPR and OPR based on test
results.