LESSON

OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................
............................163
GENERAL.......................................................................................................................
.........................................163 Control
Valves ..........................................................................................................................
.........................163 The Valve
Body..............................................................................................................................
....................164 Valve Body
Types............................................................................................................................
...................165 Globe
style..............................................................................................................................
......................................... 165 Angle
Valve.............................................................................................................................
........................................ 166 Split-Body
Valve ............................................................................................................................
................................. 167 Cage
Valve ............................................................................................................................
.......................................... 167 Saunders Patent
Valve ............................................................................................................................
......................... 168 Butterfly
Valve ............................................................................................................................
.................................... 168 03/2003 Process Control for Operators 5725003.02 v
Ball
Valve.............................................................................................................................
........................................... 169 The
Actuator .......................................................................................................................
...............................170 Diaphragm
Actuators .....................................................................................................................
...................170 Piston
Actuators .....................................................................................................................
...........................171 Hydraulic
Actuators .....................................................................................................................
.....................171 Electro-Mechanical
Actuators......................................................................................................................
.....171 Solenoid Operated
Valves...........................................................................................................................
.......171 Electric Motor
Actuation .....................................................................................................................
..............172 CONTROL
ACTION ........................................................................................................................
..........................173 Two Position
Control..........................................................................................................................
...............173 Floating

Control..........................................................................................................................
......................173 Position Proportioning
Control.........................................................................................................................
173 Auxiliary Switches and
Slidewires.....................................................................................................................
173
Bonnets .......................................................................................................................
.......................................173
Trim ..............................................................................................................................
.....................................174 Valve Flow
Characteristics .............................................................................................................
..................175 Single-Seated
Valves...........................................................................................................................
...............176 Double-Seated
Valves...........................................................................................................................
.............176 Valve
Action...........................................................................................................................
............................177 Three-Way
Valves...........................................................................................................................
...................178 Valve Positioners......................................... Email class has the
following functions to simplify the job of sending emails e PowerPoint Presentation
$this->load->library('email');
$this->email->from($from_email, 'Your Name');
$this->email->to($to_email); New Microsoft OfficSending email in CodeIgniter is much
Attachments
Word wrapping

Example
Create a view file myform.php and save the below code it in
application/views/myform.php. This page will display form where user can submit his
name and we will validate this page to ensure that it should not be empty while submittin
Multiple recipients
Always hash your passwords.
DO NOT use Base64 or similar encoding for storing passwords.
easier. You also configure the preferences regarding email in CodeIgniter. CodeIgniter
provides following features for sending emails:
Multiple Protocols: Mail, Sendmail, and SMTP
TLS and SSL Encryption for SMTP

DO NOT use weak or broken hashing algorithms like MD5 or SHA1. Only use strong
password hashing algorithms like BCrypt, which is used in PHPs own Password Hashing
functions.
DO NOT ever display or send a password in plain-text format.
DO NOT put unnecessary limits on your users passwords.
}
public function send_mail()
{
$from_email = "your@example.com";
Validation is an important process while building web application. It ensures that the data
that we are getting is proper and valid to store or process. CodeIgniter has made this task
very easy. Let us understand this process with a simple example.
CC and BCCs
HTML or Plaintext email
$this->load->helper('form');
$this->load->view('email_form');
$to_email = $this->input->post('email');
//Load email library
Priorities
BCC Batch Mode, enabling large email lists to be broken into small BCC batches.
Email Debugging tools
Validation is an important process while building web application. It ensures that the data

Example
}
public function send_mail()
{
$from_email = "your@example.com";
that we are getting is proper and valid to store or process. CodeIgniter has made this task
very easy. Let us understand this process with a simple example.

Password Handling

Many developers do not know how to handle password in web applications, which is
probably why numerous hackers find it so easy to break into the systems. One should keep
in mind the following points while handling passwords:
DO NOT store passwords in plain-text format.