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Published in IET Renewable Power Generation
Received on 22nd May 2012
Revised on 9th October 2012
Accepted on 31st October 2012
doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0130

ISSN 1752-1416

Power angle control of grid-connected doubly

fed induction generator wind turbines for fault
ride-through
S. Qiqi Bu1, Wenjuan Du2, Haifeng F. Wang2, S. Gao3
1

The National Grid TransCo., St. Catherines Lodge, Wokingham, RG41 5BN, UK
School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, London, UK
3
Southeast University, Nanjing, Peoples Republic of China
E-mail: ddwenjuan@gmail.com
2

Abstract: This study proposes a power angle control strategy of grid-connected doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) to
improve the transient performance during grid fault ride-through (FRT). The proposed power angle control can efciently
restrict the rotor-side current under a limited converter rating, support the terminal voltage of DFIGs and hence improve
system stability during the fault period. In this study, the power angle of DFIGs in a multi-machine power system is dened
rstly and then the relation between the dened power angle and rotor-side current surge and terminal voltage dip of DFIGs
are analysed, respectively. Based on the analysis, control of DFIG power angle is implemented expediently on the existing
ux magnitude and angle control (FMAC) scheme of DFIGs as an improved FMAC scheme. In this study, two test examples
are presented to demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of improved FMAC with power angle control and to compare it
with the conventional PQdq control and FMAC. Simulation results show that it can signicantly enhance the FRT capability
of grid-connected DFIGs.

Introduction

With fast increase of penetration level of wind generation in

power systems, capability of fault ride-through (FRT) of
grid-connected wind farms is required by the grid codes in
many countries [1]. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)
is a type of most-commonly used variable-speed wind
turbine generators with multiple advantages in industrial
applications [2]. However, DFIG is very sensitive to grid
disturbances, especially to voltage sag. The abrupt drop of
grid voltage results in an imbalance between the turbine
mechanical power input and generator electrical power
output, which initiates DFIG stator and rotor current
transients. Over voltage and current in the rotor windings
during the transients may destroy rotor-side converter
(RSC) if no protection measures are taken during grid
faults. So far, main techniques proposed to achieve the FRT
of DFIGs include: (i) using an active crow-bar circuit [37],
(ii) using an energy storage system connected to an
intermediate dc bus or rotor kinetic energy storage system
[810], (iii) using an improved rotor current control for
stator ux regulation [1116], (iv) using an external voltage
or reactive power compensation [3, 1720] and (v) using an
additional series grid-side converter (GSC) [21].
Rotor-side current surge and terminal voltage dip are two
main concerned transient behaviours of DFIGs when a grid
fault occurs. It is understood that over current on the DFIG
rotor side is brought about by the surging electromotive
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force induced from transient components of stator-ux

linkage, which is the result of terminal voltage dip during
the grid fault [11, 22, 23]. This paper investigates the DFIG
transient behaviours from a different aspect by examining
the DFIG characteristic on the basis of a dened DFIG
power angle. The objective is to reveal why DFIG is of
different transient behaviours and weak anti-disturbance
capability as compared with conventional synchronous
generator (SG).
In the next section, the denition of power angle of a
grid-connected DFIG in a multi-machine power system is
given rstly, followed by a brief explanation of the transient
characteristic of dened power angle. Then by investigating
the relations between the power angle, rotor-side current
and terminal voltage, mechanism of main transient
behaviours of DFIGs during the grid fault is analysed. On
the basis of the analysis, in Section 3 an improved ux
magnitude and angle control (FMAC) considering proposed
power angle control is derived from the existing FMAC
scheme for the enhancement of FRT capability. In Section
4, two test examples are presented to demonstrate the
applications of the improved FMAC with power angle
control. One is a simple three-machine (two SGs and one
DFIG) power system used in [24, 25]. The other is a real
power system of 53 SGs and 13 grid-connected DFIGs in
eastern China. Simulation results show that the rotor-side
current and the terminal voltage of grid-connected DFIGs
can be effectively controlled with the FRT capability of
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DFIGs being signicantly enhanced. Moreover, transient
stability margin of power systems is also increased because
of the support of grid voltage by proposed control.

Transient behaviour analysis of DFIG

2.1 Denition and transient characteristic of power

angle of DFIG
The equivalent circuits of a DFIG system are shown in
Fig. 1a, where s is the slip of DFIG, rs and rr are the stator
and rotor resistance of DFIG, xs, xr and xm are the stator
leakage, rotor leakage and mutual reactance


of
DFIG
 and
the transient reactance of DFIG x = xss x2m / xrr . The
internal voltage (voltage behind the transient reactance)

ig and V
s ,
and terminal voltage of DFIG are denoted as E
respectively.
Fig. 1b is the phasor diagram showing various variables of
a grid-connected DFIG in a multi-machine power system.
In Fig. 1b, (dq) and (xy) is the coordinate systems of the

s and c

r the stator and rotor
DFIG and the power system, c
ux of the DFIG, respectively. ig is the angle between

ig and V
s of the DFIG, which is the control angle
E
proposed in [24, 25] to realise the FMAC.
Analogue to the power angle of a SG, in this paper, dg

ig and x-axis of (xy) coordinate] in
[the angle between E
Fig. 1b is dened as the power angle of the grid-connected
DFIG. However, dg is different to the concept of power
angle of the SG in terms of its relation with rotor
mechanical movement. Variation of DFIG power angle
dened in Fig. 1b is not related to the rotor mechanical
movement at all, because the physical position of the rotor

of the DFIG is not linked directly to its rotor ux [25].

Therefore dynamic of dg is electromagnetic rather than
electromechanical transient that the power angle of the SG
possesses, that is, considerable changes of dg may happen
suddenly during the period of a grid fault and hence dg is
very sensitive to grid disturbances.
2.2 Mechanism of DFIG rotor-side current surge
during the FRT
A commonly used Park model of DFIGs in [26] is employed
to examine the mechanism of DFIG rotor-side current surge
during the FRT. The phasor model of rotor voltage under a
synchronous rotating coordinate system can be generally
expressed as
d


r
V
r = rr
I r + c
+ jsvs c
dt r

(1)

where rr,
I r , s and s are the rotor resistance, rotor-side

current, slip and synchronous angular frequency,


respectively.



r and E

r.

ig is E

ig = jvs Lm / Lrr c
Relation between c

r in (1)

ig for rotor ux c
Substitute internal voltage E


Lrr
d

ig




+s E
V r = rr I r +
j
Lm
vs dt

(2)

where Lrr and Lm are the rotor self-inductance and mutual

inductance of the DFIG, respectively.
Rotor voltage given by (2) consists of two parts. The
rst one is the voltage drop across the rotor resistance rr.
The second can be denoted as a voltage V
re mainly related

ig .
to E


Lrr
d

ig


+s E
V re =
j
Lm
vs dt

(3)

Hence, based on (2) and (3), the rotor equivalent circuit

of the DFIG is obtained as shown by Fig. 2, which
consists of voltage V
re behind rotor resistance rr and the
RSC.

ig = |E

ig |/ddfig and under (xy)
According to (3), E
coordinate, the magnitude of V
re can be written as
|V
re | =




2

2



2
d
d
d
d
d|
E
|
Lrr

ig

ig | dfig +

ig |2 dfig + |E
s|E ig | +2s|E
Lm
vs dt
vs dt
vs dt





ig | 2
dddfig 2
d|E
Lrr 

2

ig | +
vs s +
|E
=
vs Lm
dt
dt
(4)

Fig. 1 Representation of a grid-connected DFIG system

a Equivalent circuits of a DFIG system
b Vector diagram of a grid-connected DFIG
IET Renew. Power Gener., 2013, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, pp. 1827
doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0130




ig0 |, where subscript
At steady-state, |V
re0 | = s Lrr / Lm |E
0 denotes the steady-state value. However, in transient state,
|V
re | might become much larger than |V
re0 | mainly because
of the sudden change of dg caused by its transient
characteristic, since s is usually constrained to a range
between 0.2 and 0.2, and variation of dg is usually

ig | as |E

ig | is normally
much greater than that of |E
controlled by the control scheme of RSC either directly or
indirectly.
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Fig. 2 Rotor equivalent circuit model of DFIG

It can be seen from the rotor equivalent circuit in Fig. 2 that

in order to avoid losing the control of rotor-side current
during FRT to protect the RSC, RSC itself should be sized
to be able to generate a voltage high enough to be equal to
the maximum magnitude of the voltage supply V
re as given
in (4) in order to reduce |
I r |. This requires high RSC rating
and is expensive. Hence, it is essentially important to
properly control the power angle of DFIGs so as to make
RSC ride through grid faults safely under a limited RSC
rating.
In the derivation of (4), (xy) coordinate is used instead of
(dq) coordinate since s [the difference between coordinate
rotating speed and rotor speed according to the Park
transformation theory in (1)] may change signicantly
because of the prominent change of (dq) coordinate speed
during the fault time [27]. Thus, even though the angle of

ig with respect to (dq) coordinate is properly controlled,
E
it is still possible that |V
re | increases dramatically.
2.3 Mechanism of DFIG terminal voltage dip
during the FRT

(5)

where the stator resistance rs of the DFIG is ignored, xss, xrr

and xm are the stator self-reactance, rotor self-reactance and
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a Line diagram of a single-DFIG innite-bus power system during a

short-circuit fault
b Vector diagram of a grid-connected DFIG during a short-circuit fault

mutual reactance of the DFIG, respectively, and xss = xs +

xm, xrr = xr + xm.
By eliminating
I s and V
f in (5)

Mechanism of DFIG terminal voltage dip during the FRT can

be explained by a single grid-connected DFIG innite-bus
power system. This conguration represents the general
case of a DFIG connected to a large power system. When a
system short-circuit fault occurs, the system conguration
becomes Fig. 3, where xg is the grounding reactance,
usually with a very small value. It can be seen from Fig. 3
that the injected current of the DFIG to the grid is
approximately equal to its stator output current
I s , because,
for the simplicity of analysis, it can be assumed that the
rotor output current from the GSC can be neglected in the
fault-time system structure of Fig. 3. This assumption is
based on the fact that (i) DFIG rotor output current is
normally very small compared with the stator side current
(usually < 10%), and (ii) the rotor-side current is much
smaller than the stator side current during the fault time
because of the surge of the stator output current and the
restricted rotor output current by the GSC.
According to the fault-time system structure of Fig. 3 and
the phasor model of stator voltage of the DFIG in [24], it
follows


V s V
f = jxe1
I s

V
V

V
f
f
b
+
=
I s
jxe2
jxg

ig
V s + jx
I s = E

Fig. 3 Representation of a single-DFIG innite-bus power system

in the fault period



1/ xe1
x
1



   
1 +
xe1
1/ xe1 + 1/ xe2 + 1/ xg



1/ xe2
x

ig +

  V
b
V
s = E
xe1
1/
x  +
1/
x  + 1/ x
e1

e2

(6)
Equation (6) can be expressed briey by

ig + bV
b
V
s = aE

(7)

where


1/
x
x
a = 1/1 +
1



e1   
xe1
1/ xe1 + 1/ xe2 + 1/ xg



1/
x
x
e2
  /
b=
xe1
1/
x  +
1/
x  + 1/ x
e1
e2
g



1/ x
1 + x 1



e1   
xe1
1/ x
+ 1/ x
+ 1/ x

e1

e2

and apparently 0 < a < 1, 0 < b < 1.

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In (xy) coordinate, V
b = 1, (7) becomes
vsx + jvsy = aeigx + b + jaeigy

(8)

where subscript x and y denotes the component of a variable

ig | cos ddfig ,
in x- and y-axes, respectively. Since eigx = |E

ig | sin ddfig , the magnitude of terminal voltage V
s is
eigy = |E

2

2 

ig | cos ddfig + b + a|E

ig | sin ddfig
a|E
|V
s | =


ig |2 + 2ab|E

ig | cos ddfig + b2
= a 2 |E

(9)

Equation (9) shows the relations between |V
s | and the

ig | and power angle dg in the fault period.
magnitude |E
During grid faults, even a slight decrease of |V
s | would
change dg dramatically because of its sensitiveness as
mentioned in Section 2.1, which inversely leads to the
further dip of |V
s | and aggravates the fault results. In an
extreme situation when dg jumps to around 180 as soon
as the grid fault happens, (9) indicates that |V
s |can plunge
signicantly as shown in Fig. 3b.
Therefore the inherent transient characteristic of the power
angle dg essentially affects terminal voltage dip of
grid-connected DFIGs during the FRT. If dg can be
effectively controlled, DFIGs can keep connected to the
grid and support the grid voltage after grid faults take place.
This could certainly improve the transient stability of power
system.

Improved FMAC strategy

Previous studies in [24, 25] have proposed a FMAC scheme

of DFIG with multiple advantages over conventional PQdq

control. The proposed FMAC aims to separately control the

magnitude and physical position of DFIG rotor ux vector
in the DFIG (dq) coordinate system (which in turn dictates

ig ). However, the sharp change of terminal voltage angle
E
is not considered by the control of ig in FMAC. As dg
= ig + in (4) and (9), controlled ig may not effectively
prevent the power angle dg from increasing suddenly and
considerably to raise the rotor-side current and bring the
terminal voltage down signicantly during severe fault.
Therefore a power angle control strategy is proposed and
implemented by expediently improving the existing FMAC
scheme for the FRT of DFIG, which can successfully tackle
the interference of the dynamics of terminal voltage
angle . The improved FMAC model with proposed power
angle control is given in Fig. 4a. In Fig. 4a, dg can be
measured by the indirect method as used in the
measurement of power angle of SGs in [28, 29]. ref is the
steady-state value of , which can be set up by
GPS-synchronised phasor measurement unit (PMU) in the
steady-state and no real-time measurement data is needed

ig | can be obtained by using the
during the fault time. |E
equivalent circuit in Fig. 1b after Vs and Is are measured
irxy is the angle between rotor voltage V
r and x-axis of
(xy) coordinate of the power system. It can be seen that

ig is also controlled in the improved
the magnitude of E
FMAC. The components of rotor voltage |V
r | and irxy in
polar reference frame are nally transformed to (dq)
coordinate and used by PWM generators.
Furthermore, as proposed for the FMAC in [25, 30, 31], an
auxiliary control can also be added to enable the DFIG to
provide a power system stabiliser (PSS) facility similar to that
attached to a SG as shown in Fig. 4a. The PSS can contribute
to network damping so that oscillations of DFIG output
active power after the faults can be suppressed effectively.
The structure of the auxiliary control loop is shown in Fig. 4b

Fig. 4 Improved FMAC strategy

a Improved FMAC model of DFIG with proposed power angle control
b Auxiliary control loop (PSS)
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Fig. 5 Line diagram of the example three-machine simple example

network

with a one-order wash-out loop, a two-order compensator and a

limiter. The input signal of the auxiliary control can be either
stator output power Ps or slip s of DFIG. The output signal is
denoted as upss in both Figs. 4a and b.

4
4.1

Case study
Case study 1

A three-machine (two SGs and one DFIG) simple example

power system was adopted to demonstrate the FMAC in
[24, 25]. This system is used here to illustrate the enhanced
performance of the improved FMAC over the FMAC. The
structure of the example system is displayed in Fig. 5.
Generators 1 and 3 are SGs and generator 2 is a DFIG that
represents the aggregated behaviour of individual generators
of wind farm. The network data, models and parameters of
SGs and DFIG of the example system are given in [25].
System load conditions are presented in Section 7.1. The
models and parameters of DFIG control system are given in
Section 7.2.
Two simulation cases are presented for the purpose of
comparison, in which DFIG operates with FMAC and
improved FMAC, respectively. A three-phase short-circuit
fault occurs at node 4 at t = 100 ms with a clearance time of
100 ms. The total simulation time is 600 ms. Simulation
results when the DFIG is in a sub-synchronous operating
condition (s = 0.1) are shown in the part (a) of Figs. 6ag.
In order to validate the robustness of the improved control
scheme, the DFIG operating in a super-synchronous
condition (s = 0.1) is also tested as shown in part (b) of
Figs. 6ag.
From the simulation results in Figs. 6a and b it can be seen
that (i) both the FMAC and improved FMAC can control

ig | is controlled and 1.0 p.u. during
ig properly; (ii) |E
the fault period (the improved FMAC is slightly better);
and (iii) the power angle dg is only controlled by the

|V
s | = |V
2 | =

improved FMAC. Fig. 6a shows that indeed dg changes

dramatically to nearly 180 and then back to 60 suddenly
when the FMAC is applied (although ig is controlled). One
of the consequences is the current surge on the rotor side
(Fig. 6c) even when the rotor voltage rises to almost 0.22 p.
u. in Fig. 6d. The other consequence is the terminal voltage
dip as shown in Fig. 6e. From Figs. 6c and 6e it can be
seen that when the improved FMAC is used, the surge of
rotor-side current magnitude |
I r | can be restricted
successfully under a comparatively lower RSC capacity and
|V
s | is much better restrained. Accordingly, the transient
stability margin of the SGs is signicantly improved as
displayed in Fig. 6f, since the magnitude and angle control
of DFIG terminal voltage realised by the application of
improved FMAC has reduced the accelerating area during
the fault and raised the decelerating area after the fault.
Fig. 6g reveals that when the output power of DFIG cannot
be fully exported because of the faults, the improved
FMAC tends to transfer the extra power from the rotor
circuit to the rotor rotating mass in order to protect the
converter in the rotor circuit.
For the three-machine example power system shown in
Fig. 5, (9) becomes (see (10))
where is the angle of V
3 (SG) in (xy) coordinate.
From the network data given in [25], |V
s | under
the improved FMAC scheme at t = 150 ms in the
sub-synchronous operating condition can be computed by
(10) to be
|V
s | =





ig |2 + b2 |V
3 |2 + 2ab|E

ig ||V
3 | cos ddfig b
a 2 |E

= 0.8044 p.u.

(11)

where
a = 0.6785, b = 0.1072,

ig | = 1.0674 p.u. (t = 150 ms),
|E

ddfig = 0.6328 rad (t = 150 ms)

|V
3 | = 0.8230 p.u. (t = 150 ms),
b = 0.1766 rad (t = 150 ms)
Simulation result in Fig. 6e (a) (full line) gives |V
s |
0.8044 p.u. at t = 150 ms. Hence, it conrms that the
assumption implied in the derivation of (9) and (10) is
tenable.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the auxiliary control
(PSS) loop after the fault, the total simulation time is
extended to 10 s. The stator output power Ps is selected as
the input signal of the auxiliary control. The results of
DFIG output active power and SG power angle in both
sub-synchronous and super-synchronous conditions are



2 
2

ig | cos ddfig + bv3x + a|E

ig | sin ddfig + bv3y
a|E



2 
2

ig | sin ddfig + b|V
3 | sin b

ig | cos ddfig + b|V
3 | cos b + a|E
=
a|E

(10)




2
2
2
2








= a |E ig | + b |V 3 | + 2ab|Eig ||V 3 | cos ddfig b
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Fig. 6 DFIG response with FMAC and improved FMAC

a Comparison of power angle dg and control angle ig of DFIG: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1
b Comparison of magnitude of internal voltage of DFIG: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1
c Comparison of magnitude of rotor-side current of DFIG: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1
d Comparison of magnitude of rotor voltage of DFIG: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1
e Comparison of magnitude of terminal voltage of DFIG: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1
f Comparison of power angle difference between generator 1 and 3: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1
g Comparison of slip of DFIG: (a) s = 0.1 (b) s = 0.1

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Fig. 7 DFIG response with and without PSS

a Comparison of output active power of DFIG and power angle difference between generators 1 and 3 (s = 0.1)
b Comparison of output active power of DFIG and power angle difference between generators 1 and 3 (s = 0.1)

displayed in Figs. 7a and b. Simulation results show that the

auxiliary control has effectively suppressed the oscillation of
the DFIG active power and improved the damping of power
system oscillations (with the damping ratio increased by
5% in both conditions).
4.2

Case study 2

A real power system in eastern China consisting of 53 SGs, 13

grid-connected DFIGs and 1713 buses is used to test the
improved FMAC with proposed power angle control of

DFIG. DFIGs are connected at different locations along the

coastline in eastern China, where wind resource is
abundant. Conguration of 500 and 220 kv network of the
system is illustrated in Fig. 8. The models and parameters
of the DFIG control system are given in Section 7.2. All
the DFIGs operate in the rated super-synchronous condition
(s = 0.2).
Four different DFIG control schemes are employed
separately in simulation for the purpose of comparison.
They are conventional PQdq control, FMAC, improved
FMAC and improved FMAC plus auxiliary control (PSS).

Fig. 8 Conguration of a real power system in eastern China: 500 kv (thick full line), 220 kv (thin full line)
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Fig. 9 DFIG response with PQdq, FMAC, improved FMAC and PSS
a Comparison of power angle of 10th DFIG (s = 0.2)
b Comparison of magnitude of rotor-side current of the10th DFIG (s = 0.2)
c Comparison of magnitude of terminal voltage of the 10th DFIG (s = 0.2)

The fault applied in the simulation is a three-phase

short-circuit fault at node 1114 at t = 100 ms with a
clearance time of 100 ms. The total simulation time is 600
ms. Response of the 10th DFIG (at node 63) is observed as
it has the largest installed capacity among all the DFIGs so
that its transient behaviours might have biggest impact on
system stability. The 20th SG (at node 20) is also selected
for the observation purpose since it is more accessible to
the inuence of the observed DFIG because of its location.
Simulation results are shown in Figs. 9ac (SB = 100 MVA).
From Fig. 9a it can be seen that DFIGs power angle
dg jumps over 50 and back to around 30 abruptly in
both cases of PQdq control and FMAC, but is very well
controlled by the improved FMAC. Therefore as shown in
Figs. 9b and c, the rotor-side current surge and terminal
voltage dip of DFIG are signicantly ameliorated by the
improved FMAC, although they can be controlled by
the FMAC 4 and 0.7 p.u., respectively, better than the
conventional PQdq control.

proposes a power angle control strategy to enhance the FRT

capability of grid-connected DFIGs. The power angle of
DFIG is dened in analogue to that of SG. Analysis in the
paper indicates that the signicant change of DFIG power
angle stimulated by grid faults during the transient is the
essential reason of DFIG rotor-side current surge and
terminal voltage dip. Hence the existing FMAC scheme is
improved by implementing proposed power angle control
strategy to enhance DFIGs FRT capability. Compared with
other techniques, the proposed strategy can always maintain
the controllability of RSC and does not require any extra
devices to support grid voltage. Simulation results of an
example power system used in [24, 25] and a real
large-scale power system in eastern China in the paper have
validated the effectiveness of the improved FMAC. In
addition, it has also been demonstrated that the auxiliary
PSS attached to the proposed improved FMAC is capable
of contributing positive damping and suppressing power
system oscillations.

Conclusions

By examining the mechanism of rotor-side current surge and

terminal voltage dip of DFIG during the grid fault, this paper
IET Renew. Power Gener., 2013, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, pp. 1827
doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0130

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Appendix

7.1 Load conditions of three-machine example

system (on basis of system rating, SB = 700 MVA)
1. DFIG sub-synchronous operating condition (s = 0.1):
Slack node: V
3 = 1/0W
PV node: PG1 = 0.5,
PQ node: P6 = 1.0,

PG2 = 0.9,
Q6 = 0

|V
1 | = |V
2 | = 1

The rest nodes are PQ nodes, with all the injected active and
reactive power equal to 0.
2. DFIG super-synchronous operating condition (s = 0.1):
Slack node: V
3 = 1/0W
PV node: PG1 = 0.55,
PQ node: P6 = 1.0,

PG2 = 0.95,
Q6 = 0

|V
1 | = |V
2 | = 1

The rest nodes are PQ nodes, with all the injected active and
reactive power equal to 0.

7.2

Models and parameters of DFIG control system

1. PQdq control scheme: The conventional DFIG RSC

PQdq control model is shown by Fig. 10a, where kP = 0.1,
kQ = 0.1.
2. FMAC scheme: The structure of FMAC model is shown
by Fig. 10b. The parameters of the model are
Voltage outer loop: kpv = 0.1,
gv (s) =

1 + 0.024s 1 + 0.035s
1 + 0.004s 1 + 0.05s

Power outer loop: kpp = 0.4,

Voltage inner loop: kpm = 0.9,
gm (s) =

kip = 0.05
kim = 0.01,

1 + 0.4s
1 + 2s

Power inner loop: kpa = 0.9,

ga (s) =

kiv = 0.5

kia = 0.01,

1 + 0.4s
1 + 2s

IET Renew. Power Gener., 2013, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, pp. 1827

doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0130

www.ietdl.org

Fig. 10 DFIG RSC controller model

a Conventional PQdq control model
b FMAC model proposed in [24, 25]

3. Improved FMAC scheme (plus auxiliary control): The

structure of the improved FMAC model is shown in
Fig. 4a. The parameters of the model are the same as those
in FMAC scheme. The structure of the auxiliary control
model is displayed in Fig. 4b and the stator output power of
DFIG is selected as the input signal in the example systems.
The parameters of the model are

IET Renew. Power Gener., 2013, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, pp. 1827

doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0130

Wash out loop: Tps = 5 s


Compensator loop: gps (s) = 3
Limiter loop: upss max = 0.5,

1
1 + 0.49 s

2

upss min = 0.5

27

& The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2013