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Retrogade
Condensa7on
! Phenomenon associated with the behavior of a
configuration.
! High pressures permit use of expansion, J-T or
turboexpander, to provide all of the cooling if low
ethane recovery is desired.
! For low inlet pressures, either external refrigeration
or inlet compression followed by expansion is
needed to cool the gas, regardless of extent of
ethane recovery.
! Required outlet pressure helps decide which
approach should be taken.
LTS
.
! The LTS process consists of cooling and partial
TWISTER
! It is used in one offshore facility for dew point control
and dehydration.
VORTEX
TUBE
! The vortex tube, also known as the Ranque-Hilsch vortex
! For dew point control, and dehydration, the device has the vortex
!
!
!
!
!
!
acceptable.
! It will be of most value when no compression is
required.
ADVANTAGES
OF
MEMBRANE
TECHNOLOGY
! the process is simple and requires no moving parts.
! relatively small and light weight.
! this technology is used on several offshore
installations.
! Unlike the Twister and vortex tube, membranes have
the advantage of a turndown ratio down to 50%, with
no performance penalty.
! This property may not be an advantage for fuel gas
conditioning, where flow rates should be stable.
! Inlet gas is initially cooled with cold residue gas and cold liquid
from the cold separator before going to the propane chiller and
to the cold separator.
! Vapor from the separator is the sales gas, and the liquid goes
to a fractionator to strip out light ends and recover liquid
product.
! The column operates at a lower pressure than does the cold
separator.
! Because of system pressure drop and because the
fractionator runs at the lower pressure, the recycle stream
must be recompressed.
! Alternatives to the process include:
! Reduction or elimination of the recycle by adding reflux to the
fractionator
! Running the fractionator at a higher pressure and use of a pump
to feed the column from the cold separator
rates.
! Low ethane recovery. For ethane recoveries of 10 to 30%,
J-T expansion may be sufficient.
! Variable flow rates. J-T is insensitive to widely varying flow
rates, whereas turboexpanders lose efficiency when
operating off of design rates.
gas pressures.
! If significant inlet compression is required to produce refrigeration by