Mechanical

Causes

Nonmechanical
Causes

Causes of
Referred Pain

Idiopathic
(sprain, strain)

Malignancy

Pelvic disease
(prostatitis,
endometriosis,
pelvic
inflammatory
disease)

Spondylosis
(disk, annulus,
facet)

Infection

Renal disease
(kidney stones,
pyelonephritis,
perinephric
abscess)

Compression
fracture

Inflammatory
spondyloarthropathy
(ankylosing
spondylitis, psoriatic
spondylitis, Reiters
syndrome,
inflammatory bowel
disease)

Aortic aneurysm

Traumatic
fracture

Osteochondrosis

Gastrointestinal
disease
(pancreatitis,
cholecystitis,
penetrating ulcer)

Alignment
Pagets disease of bone
disorders
(kyphosis,
scoliosis,
spondylolisthesis)

These include the following:

Benign and malignant primary and neural osseous tumors

Congenital anomalies of the lumbar nerve roots
Degenerative synovial cysts
Drug-seeking behavior
Extraspinal causes (eg, ovarian cyst, pancreatitis, ulcer)
Fractures of the lumbar vertebral body
Infection (eg, epidural abscesses, peritonitis)
Inflammatory conditions
Metastatic neoplasms
Myeloma
Aortic aneurism
Spondylolisthesis
Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head
Connective tissue disease
Myopathy
Renal infection or stone
Metabolic disease
Sickle cell disease
Seronegative arthritic diseases (eg, reactive arthritis, ankylosing
spondylitis)