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Pamlou: Manipur
Kuruwa: Jharkhand
Conuco: Venezuela
Roca: Brazil
Lading: Indonesia
Ray: Vietnam
This type of farming is practiced in densely populated areas. This involves high
degree of use of biochemical inputs and irrigation. There is huge pressure of
population on this type of farming.
Problems of Intensive Farming:
Division of land through successive generation leads to plot size getting smaller and
smaller. This makes it impossible to properly manage the farm inputs. Moreover,
large-scale farming is not possible in that case.
Commercial Farming:
This type of farming is done with the sole purpose of selling the farm produce.
Various modern inputs are used in this type of farming, e.g. HYV(High Yielding
Variety) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides. Punjab, Haryana,
Western UP and some parts of Maharashtra are the areas where commercial
farming is done on large scale. However, this type of farming is also done in many
other states; like Bihar, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, etc.
Plantation: In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. Plantation
requires intensive capital and a large number of workers. Most of the produce from a
plantation is used in various industries. tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.
are important plantation crops. Tea is mainly produced in the tea gardens of Assam
and North Bengal, coffee is produced in Tamil Nadu, and banana is produced in
Bihar and Maharashtra. Plantation requires a well developed network of transport
and communication, processing industries and a good market.
CROPPING PATTERN
India has three cropping seasons rabi, kharif and zaid.
Rabi: Rabi crops are also known as winter crops. They are sown from October to
December and harvested from April to June. Wheat, barley, pea, gram and mustard
are the important rabi crops. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Uttarakhan and Uttar Pradesh are the important producers of rabi crops.
Kharif: Kharif crops are also known as summer crops. They are sown at the
beginning of monosoon and harvested in September-October. Paddy, maize, jowar,
bajra, tur, moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean are important kharif
crops. Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are important rice growing states. In
Assam, West Bengal and Orissa; three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These
are called Aus, Aman and Boro.
Zaid: The zaid season falls in between the rabi and kharif seasons. Watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops are some of the crops grown in
this season. Sugarcane is planted in this season but takes almost a year to grow.
MAJOR CROPS
Rice: India is the second largest producer of rice; after China. It requires high
temperature (above 25C), high humidity and annual rainfall above 100 cm.
However, it can be grown with the help of suitable irrigation in areas of less rainfall.
Rice is grown in the northern plains, northeast India, coastal areas and deltaic
regions. Now-a-days, rice is also grown in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh
and in parts of Rajasthan. This has been possible because of development of a
dense network of canals.
Wheat: Wheat is the main food crop in north and north-western parts of India. Wheat
needs 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall which should be evenly distrib -Sutlej plains in
the northwest and black soil region of Deccan are the two important wheat-growing
zones in India. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of
Madhya Pradesh are the important wheat producing regions.
Millets: Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. Millets are
known as coarse grains, but they have very high nutritional value.
a. Jowar: Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar; followed by Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Jowar grows in moist areas and
hardly
needs
irrigation.
b. Bajra: Bajra grows well on sandy soil and shallow black soil. Rajasthan is the
largest producer of bajra; followed by Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
and
Haryana.
c. Ragi: Ragi grows in dry regions on red, black, sandy loamy and shallow black
soils. Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi; follower by Tamil Nadu.
Maize: Maize is used both as food and fodder. It grows well in old alluvial soil and
requires a temperature range of 21-27C. Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are the major maize-producing states.
Pulses: India is the largest producer of pulses in the world. It is also the largest
consumer of pulses. Pulses are usually produced in rotation with other crops. UP,
MP, Rajasthan and Karnataka are the major pulse-producing states.
Sugarcane: Sugarcane needs hot and humid climate. It requires temperature range
of 21-27C and rainfall of 75 cm to 100 cm. India is the second largest producer of
sugarcane, while Brazil is the number one. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana are major sugar producing
states.
PDS is a programme which provides food grains and other essential commodities at
subsidised prices to poor people in rural and urban areas. A person needs to get a
ratio card made to avail the benefits of PDS. Separate cards are made for BPL
(Below Poverty Line) and APL (Above Poverty Line) families. The PDS is also fed by
the FCI. Yo it yo