Literature search strategy

Appendix 2A

Medline was selected for the initial literature search, on the general theme of
value in health library services. Medline was chosen because it indexes the
healthcare library journals most likely to publish relevant articles. A mix of
medical subject headings (MeSH) and text words was used. Medline is
primarily a healthcare database so, unlike LISA, the thesaurus does not
include detailed subject headings for library and information studies research.
The specific subject coverage of Medline also means that broad library
subject headings can be used effectively. MeSH Library Science OR
Libraries were selected, which covered a number of synonyms. The terms
were exploded but not limited in any way. This very broad search retrieved a
set of 458522.
Text words were added to retrieve the most relevant articles from this set:
impact OR value appearing only in the title field. This was judged a very
specific search strategy, as the most relevant articles would probably use at
least one of those words in the title. It was recognised that the search was not
sensitive, as synonyms were not used, and relevant articles would be missed.
It was decided that recent, relevant articles would cite key articles that the
search missed.
The search retrieved 95 documents, of which only 14 were considered most
relevant. The text word impact retrieved numerous irrelevant papers about
journal impact studies. To avoid language bias, the search was not limited to
English, and as titles appear in translation in Medline, the English text words
would not have excluded foreign language papers.
Search History:
1. MEDLINE; exp LIBRARIES/ OR exp LIBRARY SCIENCE/; 458,522 results.
2. MEDLINE; (value OR impact).ti; 141974 results.
3. MEDLINE; 1 AND 2; 95 results.

The search retrieved a recent systematic review (Weightman & Williamson,

2005). The review looked at the impact of information provided through library
services on patient care. Although this was a narrower focus than the current
research study, it was deemed highly relevant because the prime purpose of
an NHS organisation is patient care. This review used a sensitive search
strategy across a range of databases and the internet, identifying key
research papers in the relevant subject area, proving to be a very useful
resource.
Twenty eight studies met the inclusion criteria of the retrieved review and were
critically appraised by the review authors. The conclusions from the
systematic review were used in the toolkit (Urquhart & Weightman, 2008)
which guided the methodology for this research study.
The systematic review used a sensitive search run across ERIC, LISA,
Medline, Premedline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register,
covering both library and information science and healthcare. Google was
used to search the internet. The search did not use subject headings or
thesaurus terms, which would be database specific, but used truncated
search terms covering every variation or synonym for value in a health library.
The search terms, databases, Google search, hand searching and specific
requests for information indicated a robust and comprehensive literature
search. This view is supported by the inclusion of a structured abstract by the
Cochrane Library in the Database of Abstracts of Reviews Issue 2 2009
(DARE) having met a clear set of quality criteria.
Although the initial search for this study was not sensitive and missed at least
one recent important paper (Banks et al., 2007), it retrieved a pertinent
systematic review (Weightman & Williamson, 2005) and other key research
studies. These were the Fuld Campus study (Cuddy, 2005) and the Rochester
study (Marshall, 1992). Other relevant papers, including the Chicago study
(King, 1987) and the EVINCE study (Urquhart & Davies, 1997) were identified
from the references of the first fourteen articles. (Appendix 2C)

A further search was run after the study had taken place to identify articles
published since 2003. This search attempted to replicate the sensitive search
strategy used in the Weightman review (Weightman & Williamson, 2005), and
used their search terms in Embase and Medline, limited to items with a
publication date since 2003 (the latest date from the original review).
1. MEDLINE; (((Performance ADJ indicator* OR performance ADJ measure* OR
performance ADJ standard* OR impact OR value) AND (Health* ADJ librar* OR
medical ADJ librar* OR postgraduate ADJ centre ADJ librar* OR hospital ADJ
librar* OR nursing ADJ librar* OR information ADJ service* OR virtual ADJ librar*
OR electronic ADJ librar* OR electronic ADJ information))).ti,ab [Limit to:
Publication Year 2003-2009]; 130 results in Medline, 103 in Embase. Four relevant
articles, no new evidence.
This search retrieved a large number of irrelevant articles, of which four were
relevant (Weightman, Urquhart, Spink, & Thomas, 2009; Medernach &
Franco, 2007; Marshall, 2007; Cullen, & Essen, 2007) but no information was
identified that would have altered this study.
The review search terms were too broad for searching LISA, the library and
information database, so the search was for the text words value OR impact
OR contribution in the title field only. This retrieved one further article (He,
Chaudhuri & Juterbock, 2009), which added to the evidence that outcome
evaluation, rather than traditional output measures were needed to show the
value of the library service.
LISA Search Query: TI=(value or impact or contribution) retrieved 224 articles
TI=(value or impact or contribution) and not
TI=(journal or journals) and DE=(medical or health) retrieved 10
One additional article