The Radio Amateurs' Journal

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ADDITIONAL FEATURES

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sJW1lk"r h oulilfl ~
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Sb hanl! , !'i!'iO to .U, OOO "'C.

Au t o flul l k n o ts e II011h' f

S tahi l i t y - t " m pt' raf U U '

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p a d ll .-T li
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Rela y con r ro! a rHI hre a k - Iu

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Silt nal !t' H,1 m ee e r

Va ria hi ... ("r)'''' t a l till.' T

8alld",pr' -1".I - eq u tva te u t t o

15 IInl'1lr Incht'1il for everv
I MI do'11r _ 'l\'H-e p of ma in
pollltt'r

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Embodying the important advancements brought about by

the war, the new RME 45 is now ready for those who want a
really fine communications receiver.
The RME 45 is the product of months of painstaking
research and laboratory measurements which have eollebcrated to produce a receiver that betters performance, stability
and ease of operation . In desisning the receiver, not a single
component had been neslected or overlooked. From the
indirectly illuminated and nonfatiguing calibrated scale to th e
new acoustically designed speaker housing-the RME 45 is
your pest-war receiver!
The indirectly illuminated scale is designed lor hours of
nonJatiguing calibrated scale to the new acoustically designed
speaker scale-white letters on an optically black background
- e nab le the operator to log the frequency of the incoming
signal accurately and effortlesslyl
Regardless of the contemplated shifts in amateur frequency
allocalions, your RME 45 will not become obsolete because
it bandspreads the entire spectrum from 550 KC to 33,000 KC.
In all , you will And the RME 45 a remarkable receiverand well worth waiting forl *
- :'\ 0 \' " IWId

on

priorll )'

10 t"ll!ll' n l la ll'l' r v lct>8 .

UNIVERSAL'S

NEW

D-20

MICROPHONE

T he stage was set for something new and here it is. Universal's new 0 -20
~I icrophon e ... soon

on you r rad io parts jobbers' she lves to fi ll you r essen-

tia l requirements, . . uscs Universal's "Dynold" construction , . . A dynam ic

microphone of conventional characteristics built to fi ll the utility requ irements of wa r time pins advance styling of the many modem things to
come. Orders placed now with your Radio Pa rts Jobbers will assure ea rly
delivery when priority regula tions are relaxed.
Wri/r j"r 8 1l/M in 14' 8 ,,,,,,int, this S tw M i" "phoTU .
( FR EE - l lutory oj Communication' Picture Portfolio. Cont{li1l$
O1:('r {I dozen 1r l' Jr ,Iictrm'" witable Jor of!ice. den or 1IObbv
room. W rite Joclon; i or !four ~urlJoIlo IoMlJ .

UNIVERSAL MICROPHONE COMPANY

INGLEWOOD, CALIFORNIA

f OU IGN OIYIIION , )01 ClA" STUU. UN f ... HeIIeO 11. CAUfounA CANADIAN DIVIf ION , WO ICIN O STun WIST. TOI:O"'TO I . OHTAIIO, CAHAIlA

May, 1945

e/I{odet 5-37
FM-AM

T HEnew Model S-37 H.I-AM

receiver is an outstand ing

example o f H allicrahers pioneering work in the upper
regions of the spectrum. Covering the frequencies be twee n
130 and 2 10 megacycles, the S-37 p rovides VH F performance which is in eve r)' war comparable CO that of the finest
communicat ions recei..-ers operating in the medium and high
fr equen cy ba nds. Th e average ove r-all sensiriviry of the S-37
is app rox imate ly 5 mi crovo lts. T he image ratio of at least
1000 ti mes is ach ieved throu gh the usc of two pre-selector
stages and an intermediate frequency o f 16 megacycles. No
band swi tching is necessary and exceptional ease of tuning
is provided b)' mechanical band-spread w it h 2300 dial divi sions between 130 and 210 megacycles. The pre-loaded gear
train is completely enclosed and is equipped with a positive
stop at each end of the tuning range. H ermeticall y sealed
trans fo rmers and capacitors, moisture proof wi ring, and
ext ra hea..y pla ti ng, all cont rib ute to the long life and
reliabifi ty of the $-37 . . . the only commercial ly bui lt
receiver co..-ering this frequency range.
The amazing performance of the Model S-37 is largely
due to the RF section shown at right. h is mounted as a unit
on a brass plate 1J4 inch thick. The two type 954 RF amplifiers and the type 954 mixer are placed in the hen)' shields
wh ich separate the stages. The type 955 oscil la tor is moun ted
d irectly on its tuning condenser. Excep tional stabil ity is
ass ured by th e use of ind ividuall y selected enclosed ball
bearings, ex tra-heavy end p la ces, and w ide spacing in the
oscillator condenser-rigid mounting of all componen tsand inductances of Vs inch copper tubing wound on polystyrene forms. All conducting pans are heavil y sflver plated.

for very high frequency work

130 to 210 Mc.

W,i, .. 10' Co'olog No. 366, d e scribing

HoWcroft.,. comple'. line 0 1 high
I,e quency ,.ce ivelS and 'ron sm ifl..,. .

~ hillli[rilftl!rs RADIO
IU Y A WAJ IOND rOD A r f

TH E HALLI CRAfT U S CO., MA NU FAC TURER S O F RADI O

AND ELEC TRO NIC EQUIPMENT. CH ICAGO 16, U. S. A.

co

Pu blished by RADIO MAGAZINES. IN C.

John H. Potts

Ed itor

Sanford R. Cowa n . . Pub lish er

ca. Published

MAY, 1945

VOL. 1, No.5

CONTENTS

by

RADIO MAGAZINES, INC.

COVER
Exe cutive & Editorial O ffice s
3 4 2 MADI SON AVENU E
N EW YO RK 17, N. Y.

O perating po.. men at the C AA int er-continental a ircra ft

s ta t ion WSY- CAA Photo

ARTICLES

Telephone MUrroy Hill 2-1346

A C.jY~.

Edito ria l Staff

J o h n H . Poll . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editor , President

Zeh Bou c k, W8QMR.WLNC . .,x.2P J,

ex -W4PC, ex -LU4A
Aaaoc:iate E.Jitor
La WECmf;C! ~ K hm.n.
W210P . _
, A u i. ta n t Editor

Lha sa, Tibet, by J/t.\Iurdo Siirer

W ho's uho a nd what' s u'hat at a famous ham station

Griffi n Tripl e Det ection Su perh et ,

11

Dana Griffi n's neu: communications receiver ha s

many revolutionary ideas. You'll hear more about
it post-ca r

Frank C . J on" , W6AJF .. C o n t rib u ti n a Edito r

Robert Y . C h a p ma n. WI QV .. Advi_ry Edito r

Busines s S ta ff
Sanfo rd R . Cowa n .. __

C h., I" H . F. ",..IJ

Ela ine ~'i l..n _
Diana Rfl.. man

Sec 'yo Tee.

Adv. M ana l er
Adv. Procl\lclion
Ci rel. M a n_ r u

PACIFI C COAST REPR ESENTATIV E

H . U '. Dic l<ow
1387 40th Ave ., S.n Franci K o 22 . Calif.
GR EAT B R I T A I N REPR ESENTATIV E
R ad io ~idy o f Great Brita in,
N e w Ru skin H ou se. L it tle RU NeIl 5 1.,
London . w.e. I , Enaland

150\ra tl Tra nsm itter for 5 -Ba nd Operation , by Lt.

Comdr. 11". B . Berna rd , IV4ELZ
Some ideas wh ich may help you wh en a nd if yo u
remodel your rig
Ant en na s- and What H old s Them Up, by A rthur It ,
L y nch , II"!DKJ
S econd article in a series on u-h-f antenna design
and construction
.-\ Simple Rota ry An tenna S upport, by La urence
L e Ka slnnan, W i/OP

20

24

Ea sy to build , ami 'U'arth build i ng

S ub.e riptio n Rat es in U. S . a nd P ON. $2 .50 per

year. 2 ye.,. $4, 3 y ea rs $5. All other co u n tr iell,
$3 .50 per year in C'quivalent U . S . c u rre ncy.
S ing le eopin, 25 ce n ts. S ubsc ribe r must allow 3
w~k s for a d d reucha ngn. Editorial ma tte r co ntributed . nd accep ted w ill be paid fo r. t cu rre n t
space rat es a nd will be s;,bject to a ny rev isio ns
o r omi..io ns d ",mcd ...
ient. b y t he Edito r.
M .t.. ri. l submitt ed mus t con tai n self...d .
dreaaed . sta mped . return en ve lope and th..
author m u s t .ar", to hold t he p ublishe r of CQ
harml.,... from any m a n n.. r o f s ui t or damaae
cla im resu lt in c from th.. publica tio n th.. ro'o f
. nd /o r a ny ill us t ra t ions acco mpa nyi nc " m ...
Pu b lisher reeeevee right t o accep t o r re ject any
advertisi n s ma tt.. r s ubmi uC"Cl. CQ, p ri nted in
U . S . A. Copy ri'l h t 1945 by R .dio M a 'lu i ....s .
Inc .

15

MISC ELLAN E OUS

Zero Bia s (Ed itor ia l)

\\" it h t he \\E RS

26

Reader'.. Log-

"

Rust y R igs
_Ad H Tt ising Inde x

28
"

"

""

33
40

--:7'_

WE'RE READY TO SEND YOU

THIS HANDY HBASE CHART"

HE new S ylvania Base Chart p re
sents ba se views of all types of
radi o tubes-is cross indexed b y type .

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IYLYANIA .....st CHART

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necessary tube data quick ly and eas ily.

Desi gned for use both as a wall cha rt
and pocket reference booklet, this simple, clea r-cut bare cha rt is a real time-

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can obtain your copy nOl(,' -(ree

o f cha rge- from yo ur Sylva nia di stribr Oll

uto r or direct from Radi o A mateur

Deparlment , Sy lvania Elect ric Produc ts I nc., Emporiu m, ra.

As !"iO O " a s posslblc-s- Sylvanla
will have tran ~lII itlillg tube s for
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WALL OR POCKET
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SYLVANIA ELECTRIC PRODUCTS INC., EMPORIUM , PA.

lIakers of Radio TUMs; Cathode Ray T..bes; Elecbonic Dn ices; F1uoresunt lamps, fixtures. Accessories; Incandncent lamps

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and con until the radio club adjourns-and pick it

up again over the beers. But the code men arc on
solid ground when they claim su per ior speed and accuracy (or c.w, Of" i.c.w.-a truth that has been
further demonstrated in \VERS and aircraft OIr
erations. True, you can talk a lot fast er than you
can transmit with a bug. but s peech is inaccurate
eve n in face-to-face conversations! And when you
have to spell out each word, with "R for Roger,"
e tc. , your speed is something slowe r than pig Latin .
While fon e is satisfactory in making local WERS
contacts, QSOs between the more widel y se pa ra t ed
OXE VERSUS C.W. The phrase itself rings with cont rol sta t ions, suc h as Stamford, Conn., and New
nos talgic echoes! Outside of that peren nial probYork Cit y, a re consi derab ly expedi ted with i.c.w .
lem " whe re does a groun d begin ," there is probThis improvement is t ypical under a ny unfavorable
ably no more cont roversial a subject on the argu - conditions such a s may be imposed by distance, low
menta rive agenda of a mateur radio than the Telapower, noise, propagat ion charact e rist ics, etc., a nd
rive mer it s of m ike and ke y. There is much t o be
has been e m pha t ica lly d emonstrated in a ir transsa id o n both sides of the q uest ion. However, before
por t . I n coun t less in stances wh ere radio-phone
ext end ing our editorial neck t oo Car, we should like
clearance a nd in struction s cou ld not be obta ined, a
t o state t hat there a re plenty of Class A, Band C
shift t o c.w. elicited the desired informat ion in short
licen sees, ord ina rily operatin g on (one, wh o are exorder. On com mercia l planes. with top-not ch men ,

pert code operators . That such ham s a re except ions

c. w. is em ployed unt il the cra ft is within local radioprovin g the rule is only natural.
phone com m u nica t ions range. Actual fli ght tests
The operat or wh o gra vita tes toward [one loses
over some of Pan American' s South American rout es
int erest in c.w. and si m ult a neously (as a rule) wh athave furth er e m phasized the super ior it y of code
ever code proficienc y he once possessed . It is wh en
tran smission-excepting in ce rtain specia lized cirthe c.w. arti st e ndea vors t o explain the Ion e man's
c umsta nces where we all concede th e advantages of
pn-Icren ce for tilt' mike that th e pyrot echnics sta r t .
fon e.
The dot -and -da sh -hound mainta ins that h is very
In military operation s, the walkie-talk ie and comd istant relat ive with the microphone is either too
parable fixed in stallations have monopoli zed the
dumb, too lazy or hath to develop code speed , and \ spotl ight. Radio-telephone is used in the majority
that most Iou e operat ors cou ld n't pass the 13 words
of communications within Combat Unit s-divisions.
per minut e t es t if t he y had to be re -examined .
regiments, battalion s, companies to platoon s, and
And the c.w. man is r ight -if we mod ify his
particularl y in the Armored Division s. Distan ces
e pi t hets with a hit of psychological understand ing.
are shor t- usua lly within lin e-of- sight-s-and it is
The code operat or, like the poet , is born . The orat or
essen t ial that an yon e can operate the equip(fone man ) is mad e. It is probable t ha t a nyone
ment . A dead c.w. opera t or a t a code stat ion might
could be trained to copy code at 30 word s a minut e.
very well mean a dead code st a t ion. However, c.w.
Unfo rt una t ely , in man y instances, th e process
comes int o it s own in the rear of Division Headmight be in finitel y laboriou s a nd painful. But all
quart ers, and farther ha ck at Corps and Army Hq.th e train ing a nd a pplica tion in t he world wouldn't
th ough it ma y be secondary to wire lin es wh ich do
make a ~l cElro y of the a verage person , a ny more
not ha ve disadvan ta ges of radio-phone. Continuou s
than it could develop h im intoa ma th wizard , a chess
waves are em ployed on the usual arm y com m un ica ma st er or a Pa dcre wski . An d so t he rad io-telephone
t ion ba nds within Armored Divisions a nd ot her
opera tor is rightfull y a conversa tionalist , a nd this
un its in main taining contact with H eadquarters
is a count ry in whic h free speech is honored.
durin g adva nces- whe re messa ges must be short and
T he fan e man , of course, has a n eq ually h igh a nd
s weet ( ?) in considerations of secu ri ty. Radio-teles imi larly expressed o pi nion of the c .w. operator.
grap h is a lso used in tran sm ission from th e various
wh om he considers too d u mb, too lazy, or bot h , to
major II q. , suc h a s Arm y, Arm y Group, Communiassimi la te the intricacies of voice-modulated tran scation Zone, etc., t o the rea r a reas and t o the U. S_
m ission , part icularly a s exemplified in the Class A
However, thi s la st is h igh -speed code with the tele-q uiz. ',"c mig ht concede somet hing here t o a nyone
t ypewrit er. The trend is toward a utomat ic a nd
wh o will admit that th e boot s fi t , b ut it's a lso true
a way from hand transmission.
that ma ny c.w. operators a re ke y-bound beca use
This fi na l thought may provide us with a new and
the y prefer code. Hundreds of them a re technical
post -wa r
cont roversy-au toma t ic
tran sm ission
experts wh o have opera ted fone at one time or
versus the bug a nd m ill! Which is a ll t o the good.
a not he r.
As long as the hams have their preferences to
The a bove a rc a ll cont roversia l facets of the a rgument. You ma y agree or not , a nd one can argue pro
a rgue a bout , we'll have a ma t e ur rad io!

ZERO BIAS

May, 1945

MT. CARMEl HAS

AN EYE TO THE FUTURE

HI lias masteml his mfL Each movemen t o f his lure, d eft

hand. add! M ~i .n e-r Quality t o t be precision electronic
equipm~nt he build.. Dedicated t o t he a rmed Iorces t oda y.
t omorrow hi ki ll. will mean M e-i.Der p recision-buil t
producu for you,

" Personnel" is an o ut moded word in the lit tle

city of "I t. Carmel, III. Why ? Because it has
been replaced b y " precision-el," a word t hat
more aptly describes the men a nd women
whose skills and e nth usiasm p rod uce i\leissner precision-buil t products for a world at
war and who will soon help rebuild a world
at peace.

Ascene "Behind Ihe Front" S killed

~ leiS8ner

wor kers are t u rn ing ou t

vi t al c1l'l'tronic war equipme nt. Their " k now- how" mean! dependab le weapons for our boyl a t t he f ront now - i t will mea n better
performance for you in t omorrow', products.

Slep Up" Old Rete;"'. !

'r neae M coi un co r P e r r oca r r
I. F. i n p ut and output t ra nsforme rs are J:etting t o p reeuhs
in 8tcopping up performance of
old worn r eceivers. Specia I
powdered iro n core permits
higher "Q" wnb a n'Sultant
Increase in selectivity and
pin, now avafjabte for frequency range 127- 206. Ask
for number! 16-5 728 input,
16-5 730 output. List $2.20
each.

Thryli,e In Ih, tulurtl

Throuah their hand! pass the

wo r k of ~1C'illlner'! " p rC'ci8io n-eI," embodied in ~I e- i ss
ner precision-built elect ronic equipme-nt now going
to ou r armed forces. Many of the parte they now
ha ndle a. part of t heir daily routine will mean new
comfort! in postwar living.

MAN UfA CTURIN G COM PA NY . MT. C ARMEl, ILL.

AOI~.rcED l1l'I'TRO.IJC IIUlRCIf

u .1lI.1l'f:tCTURE

Export Dit'ision:!?5 IVarrm S t., N ew Y ork;Cable: Simontrice

CQ

AC4YN
LHASA, T I B E T
A MO DERNISTIC RIG FOR
THE LAND OF THE DALAI
LLAMA-ONE OF THE OLDEST
COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

McMURDO SILVER

U I LT FOR operation in far-away T ibet, at the

top of the world, h igh up in the Himalayan
M ounta ins, the complet e amat eur radio sta t ion
hen-in described ma y appear to be somet hi ng of an
anoma ly . Its artistic design reflect s an en couragingl y modern trend in the a r ra ng emen t of amat eur
gear; th e la yo ut pict ured in Fi g. J, were it in a cit y
apa rtm ent where spa ce is a t a premium, wou ld solve
man y a ham' s s pa t ia l a s well a s marital problem s.
Howeve r, sta t ion AC4YN wa s act ua lly buil t to the
ske tches of Reginald Fox, British Agent (a nd
bachelor ) sta t ioned in Lha sa , one of eart h's most
desolate a nd forbiddin g area s, wh ere the problem
of " too little room" is hardly prevalent .
Be all that as it ma y. the fi ne furniture illustrat ed
in Fig. 1 houses on e of th e world's most isolated
amat eur stat ions-a sta t ion undoubtedly used for
din-er officia l com m unicat ion w it h London. ha lf way
round t he globe, wh en not d oin g amateur d uty. So
far a .. is know n t br-re wa s no other mea ns of com-

munication , except by messen ger, wh en th is equipment was shi pped to Lha sa. It was designed to replace a low-powered "bread-board" layout-by
means of which reasonabl y con sistent contact had
been maintained with F. Cla ude Moore, \V9I1LF,
of Pekin, Illinois, who relayed in struction s as the
design and construct ion project progressed . Shipped
via Calcutta, Ind ia , in the spring of 1940, not only
was a lon g ocean voya ge in vol ved, followed by train
transportation to the end of the line, but each a nd
every unit then had to be tran sported b y mule, and
finally b y mae, OVl'T probably the longest a nd most
rigorous journ ey e ver undertaken by amateur radio
equipment .
(All com m unica t ion having been
se vered b y th e war short ly after ship me nt from the
U. S. A. , it is not e ven ce rta in t ha t th is amat eur
"dream -station" ha s rea ch ed Lha sa- it ma y rest in
" Davy J on es' Locker" via the s ub mar ine rout e, or
be .....a re housed in Calcutta for the d urat ion . All of
wh ich should not detract from it s interest to nonbachelor a mateurs loo ki ng forward t o resu mption
of ham opcra tion.}

High Fidelity For Tibetl

Fi gs. 1 a nd 1 illustrat e t he more decorat ive portions of t he eq uipme nt. Two h inged doors on the
vertical central cabi ne t section prov id e com plete
access to a ll operat ing controls. T he d ra wer benea t h

Fis . 1 (L~ft) . Cempleee transmi"~r, receiver and record

player in MotiF Modern~ lor the ancie nt land of Tibet.

AC4YN of Lh...

FiS . 2 (Above). Clese-ue of the control panel, with

receiver in the lower portion . The clock is meehenieel .
Not enoush sasoline lor radio and the tlme-pleee!

May, 1945

the equipment ca bi net houses a Garard automat ic

record cha nger-e- Ior the particular communicat ion
receiver em p loyed wa s selected for fi ne musical reproduction through it s a ud io cha nne l as well a s
except iona l com m unicat ion performa nce. A felt faced d esk-lid, hin ged at the top of the drawer.
gin's access t o the record -chan ger when lift ed . and
serves as a convenient opera t ing desk wh en down.
Theleft cabinet, fundamentally a ~l c~lurd o Silver
" Carl ton " model of ha nd -rubbed wa lnut wit h
maple t rim , houses the 15 " J ensen high -fidelit y
loud -speaker. T he face of the matching sect ion at
the lower rig ht is hinged, serving as a record and
storage cabinet . The four cabi net units a re held together by dowels wit h matchi ng holes provid ing
a solid assembly which yet lift s apart for easy individual hand ling.
Th e bala nce of the ill ustrat ions pict ure the com ponent parts of the station . Fig. 2 shows t he control
panel. At top is the stat ion nameplate a nd a large.
precise mechan ical clock . (An elect ric clock was
"out." Ju ice is ob tai ned from a gas-engine-driven
generator, a nd fu el havin g to travel a per ilous rout e
to r ea ch AC4YN, could be a fforded only for radio
operat ion ). T o the r ight of the clock is the dial for
the het erodyne frequency meter, battery-powered
a nd diagrammed at the lower left of Fig. 7. The large
dial actuates the 25 ,ul-!f band -spread cond enser, th e
s ma ll point er knob below controlling th e 140 ,u l-!f
ta nk co nd ense r. Dropping to t he bottom right of
Fig. ! the receiver head-phone ja ck is at t he left .
with two togg le switc hes (right) controlling t he fre quenc y meter a nd t he 472-kc oscillator for checking
receiver i-f alignment .
At t he bottom center is the control panel of th e
receiver, a M cMu rdo Silver "1 5-17" model modi fied
for comm unication work by t he addition of fron t
pa nel controls for ave-manual volume control , r-I
gain, b-f-o pitch, and se nd -receive switch- t hese in
addition t o ma in and band -spread tuning d ials, a-f
gain, se lect iv ity- phone , wave-band a nd bass-toneHa v ing a frequency range of 530
b-I-o s witch.
through 32,000 kcs, AC4YN wa s equipped for
e veryt h ing from t he standard broadcast cha nne l
right on d own through th e to-meter a mate ur band just about every freq uency via which useful signals
could penetrate Tibet .

Fig . 3, The tra nsmitter penel of AC4YN's installation .

The Iwo m~ten p~rform multiple functions by s i m p l ~
switching
kilowatt seemed in order, yet t here wa s no power to
generate such a n input . Ba sed u pon AC-tyr-; ' s
Lhasa experience wit h low powers (where a ntenna
erection at lea st was no serious probl em ) a nd the
writer's studies, 75 watts input to the fi nal wa s decided upon ,
Considered in the only reasonable man ner, transmitter power is logica lly chosen on t he ba sis of desired comm un ication ran ge. Effect ive signals, delive red t o a d ista nt receiver, a lone a re wh a t count .
Power effectiveness must be considered in terms of
d ecibel s, not in ter ms of watt s> Doublin g th e power
of a given transmitter does not double it s range, and
raises the signa l level at a given d istant point only
3 d b . An increase of 3 db is ord inar ily just a bout a
mini mum pcrceprible increase in loud ness. M ul t ipl ying power b y t en times would yi eld a nom inal
10 db increase in volume. Such a t en-time power inc rease wo uld in turn so und a s t hough the t ransmitter power had been " u pped " in th ree st eps each
so slight as to he barely not icea bl e. Though t upon
t hi s sub jec t will lead inesca pa bl y to the concl usion
that to do uble transm itter powe r prod uces no in c rease in range com mensura t e with the great ly in c reased cos t (in th is case also of fu el consumption )
a nd that unless power co uld have been in it ially
est a blished upon a 7f)() wa tt input basis, it might
just as wr-ll be sl't a t 1/lOth that figure-r-t he 75wa tt inpu t chosen -s-in terms of effect ive ran ge.

Watls vs. Decibels

Ou ts id e of t he "furnit ure" aspect of this unusua l
sta t ion , t he t ransmitter, a resul t of considerable
cogita t ion , is prohably of greatest in t erest. Po wer
in Lhasa is at a tre mendous prem ium as stated
above. Obtained from gasoline carried by man a nd
mule over the world 's h igh es t mountains a nd under
climatic condit ions guara nteed t o freeze the tai l of
the proverb ial brass monkey, not a drop could be
wasted . T ransm itter contacts would begi n at d istances ord inaril y consi dered DX, with Lond on ,
En gland, a t the ot her e nd of a regular circuit. A full

Fis. 4 . Ree r-vlew of the transmitter, with Ihe modulator

on Ihe left. The power supply is to the right, with
the dais and oscillator section up forward

co

Fig. 5. To p view of the transmitti ng chassis. Note the

shield around th e be se of the HY-61 r-f power amplifier al right center

Crystal Switch ing

Th e trans mitte r itself is ill ust rat ed and diagra m med in Figs. S through 7. It consists of a 6]5 cry stal
oscillator with five switch-selected crysta ls between
17.)() a nd 30,000 kcs p lugged int o s uita ble socket s.
Th is oscillator d ri ves a n H YGI beam-power amplifier
at 750 volts pla t e sup ply to 100 m illia m peres or 75
wa tts input. E ffi cienc y checked at better t ha n 66 %.
resul tin e in a n a nten na power of 50 wa tts or more.
Crystal cont rolled, highl y sta ble, completely free
fro m hum , th is s igna l in preliminary t ests on relativel y poor ant enna e in t he U. S. A., adeq uately
demon strated it s a bilit y t o "reach o ut ."
The oscillator plat e circ uit consists of a B. & \ V.
2A 5-ba nd air ind uctor assembl y, t uned with a Bud
200 }l}lf varia ble ca pacitor. This unusua lly la rge
conde nser was e m ployed t o permit operation with
the next -higher-band induct or in the e vent that it
might be d esired to ru n the oscillator self-exc ited
with h igh C in emergenc y. T he oscilla tor fun ctions
in a n y of the five amat eur bands from to t hrough
160 met ers, d rivi ng t he power a m plifier alwa ys on
fun damen ta l freq uenc y-c-no power bei ng " expendab le" for d ou ble r st ages.

Fig. 6 . Worm'..e ye view of the trensmitter. Short,

di rect wiring, with carefully engin u red insuletio n,
contribute to efficie ncy e nd service-free cperetlen

May, 1945

T he power a mplifier, ca paci ta t ively co upled to t he

oscilla tor, is a H yt ron H Y61 run a t max im um allowable inpu t of 75 watts. The pla te circ uit is a lso
band -switch ed, using a B L- l60 ai r inductor for 160
me ters , a BLSO on SO m eters, tapped for -:10 mete r
opera t ion , wh ile BL20 a nd BL-to a ir in duct ors take
ca re of 20 a nd to-met er opera t ion . P la t e t u ni ng is
wit h a Bud 100 }l}l f type 1536 ca pacitor, wh ich ; d ue
to open construction, ex hibits a s ufficient ly low
mi n im um capacita nce for to-me ter efficiency wh ile
sa tisfyi ng the high-C req uiremen t s of 160meter
operat ion .
Separate fi xed a n ten na coupli ng links a re s witched
in t o t he circuit for each power a m plifier plate ind uctor. A pa nel switch per m its the se lected link to
feed either of two a ntenna out puts a top the modu la tion tra nsfor me r, or a n a ntenna ma tchi ng network mad e up of a tappable B. & W. a ir induct or
a nd two Bud 340 JJJJf capacitors. As ma y be seen
in Figs. 4. a nd 5 , uncut loops of hook-up wire a re
soldered t o the coil-ta pping lu gs of switch S\V5 ; these
loops to be c ut a nd each free e nd soldered to a p propriate turns of the a nt en na inductor upon in stallation . T hus a ll ba nd switching, includi ng even a ntenna matc hing is effected from the tra nsmitter
front panel.

Meter Switching
Two Simpson me ters a re seen in Figs. 1! a nd S.
Th e 0-10 rna. d .c. meter (left ) is a rra nged with
swit ch S W2 t o rea d oscillator cathode c urren t ,
amplifier grid a nd cat hode c urrent , mod ulator
ca t hode c urrent (for t hi s t ransmi tter handles voice
as well a s C \ V t ransmissions ) a nd total plate poten t ia l. The panel indication of total plate voltage
serves two worth-wh ile p urposes. The first is to allow
est imat ion of power a m plifie r plate in put through
known values of c urre nt a nd volatge, a nd , possibly
more important , to function as a n instant ind icator
of fi lt er capacitor fa ilure or ot her troubles wh ich invaria bl y d evelop a fter long service.
The 0-1.5
ampere T ype 37 thermo-ammeter a t the right of the
panel mea sures feeder c urren t. Switch S W 7 shift s
th e met er from one feeder to t he other t o balance
tun e-up.
Th e break-in send-receive rela y , a t the left cen ter
of Fig. 7. derives d .c. for coil a ct uat ion from the
power a m p lifier cat hode c urrent , the key serv ing to
d iminish opera t ing b ias on the po w er-a m plifier
wh en down . T h is is a n unorthodox method of ke ying, intolerable in a congest ed a rea beca use of a
sma ll " back radiation," b ut okay in d istant Tibet .
It provides clea n keying for break-in operat ion (on
other than "spot frequency") through a llowing th e
rela y to work on d.c,
The modulat or, seen a t the left front of Figs. 4. 5 ,
6, a nd alon g t he lower center of Fig. 7, is essent ially
conven t ional. F ed from a T urner crystal microphone, a 61 7 drives a 6]5, in t urn d riving a GF8G
(Co nt;nutd on pagt 3 91

l J

. r\-~ "~

'I

-:4
~.._. ....
.~
.-.
- [1:, t 1'- .+1.

.-.
I

,
~~ ,

If,' ~

.. r c

oJ(-

,
t

--

'M
Uh ,
r
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-K:

+t:=.,

; 'j

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HI-

I~

+1

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....

+-it I I.~
'M

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l~

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".! ".~
.-

;/

.-.... 1
I-~ ;..
L.....:..., ,#".

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,.

f'j

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UM

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.

.,

II iI I ~

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or

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.'111 ..0

t:;~
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:.
o ft

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r I-Ui;
'1

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Fi, . 7. The wirinlj line-up of the transmitter. It's II 90odJ"ob in reck-end-peeel or furniture mountin,-though
the keying 4nanljemenl might be me ifi ed For domestic operation

10

II

CO

TRIPLE

GRIFFIN

DETECTION SU-PERHET
A receiv e r which offers unique possibilities in amateur radio for both phone and cw reception, featuring
cw signals without bfo, and band width variable
from zero to high fidelity without a c rystal

H E RECE IV ING system described in this

article achieves im-

A new patent in the electrical communication l1eld has been issued to

Dana A . Griffin, W2AOE, prominent in amateur and engineering
circles. Th e p.IItent, assigned to the: Communications Measurcm e:n b .
Laboratory, d escribes " triple detection supe rheterod yne which flolds
promise of eensldereble edvence in radio receiver design. Several large
manufacturers have .Iready bun li ce nsed to produce receivers under
this patent. CML will prob.libly manufacture thei, own shcrt-weve ecmmunications eq uip me nt embodying the principl n described in th is
article.

proved radio reception. particularly in the considerations of variable select ivit y

and noise red uction. Wh ile
the principles are es pecia lly
well applied to radio cornm unication, both cw and
phone, they are applicable
for ot her p urposes. T he triple detection receiver we
a rc considering provides a n extremely high degree of
freq uency selec t ion , in which the se lec t iv ity is essentially rectangular, rather than the familiar sha pe of
the usual resonance c urve. Th e s ubstan tially rectangular c ha racterist ic of the c urve results in bandpass select ivity : a nd t he width of the band is readil y
controll ed a nd varied as d esired , from zero up to
10,000 cycles or more. Cont inuous-wave telegra ph
signa Is ca n be received with a pleasing tone which is
not a function of receiver tun ing, a nd wh ich will not
vary with freq ue ncy d rift o n the beat-freq uency

\V
l it.

tit.

OET.

1-+

I .F.
REJECTOR
HIGHSIOE
CUT-OFF

"''"

I.F.
AMP.

,,,I.F.
REJECTOR
HIGH -SlOE
CUT-OfF

l+! 211d. OET.

'+ RECTIFIER

osc illator. T he audio note of the telegraph signa l is

produced by frequenc y modulation of the cc nvcrsa tion oscillator.

Disadvantages of The BFO

In the convent ional superheterodyne, cont in uo uswave telegraph signals a re received b y mixing t he
beat -freq uency oscillator with t he incom ing signa I so
as to produce a n a udible t one, a nd t he high est degree of selectivity is obtained by e m ployi ng a crysta l
fi lter circ uit in the intermed iat e-frequenc y a m plifier.
There are se veral d rawbacks to t his type of re-

lit.

I .F.
REJECTOR
LOW-SIDE
CUT-OFF

LOW

I .F.
AMP.

1+

'''_
I .F.

REJE CTOR
~ LOW -SlOE
CUT-O FF

1-+

'"'_
OET.

AUDIO
AMP. e.
INDI CATOR

I
tit.
OSCIlLATOR

AU DIO
OSCIlLATOR

fREQUENCY
MOOULATOR

Filj . 1.

May, 1945

'''_

CONYER"""

oscn.LATQR

Block d i. gram ind ic.tinlj the fund amen t. I circuits of the triple d etection sup erheterodyne

11

1000

100

10

460'----- - - - - - ....: ...' - - - - 3

Fi,. 2. Characteristic curve of a lo wfpaS'. high cut-oll'

infinite rejection circu it

ceiver-e-with which a ll operators are familiar. It is

crit ical in ad just ment. and it is difficult to "lock"
th e signa l not e a t the pitch preferred for copying, as
it wilt vary with drift of the beat-frequency oscillator
or the most minor cha nge in receiver tunin g.
Furthermore. if the crystal is used in its most
selec t ive adjustment, set noises, in conjunct ion with
the BFO, cause a conti nuous ringing which makes
weak signa ls difficult to copy. W it h high-speed keying. th e signa l tones slur into the spaces d ue to the
high Q of the crystal circuit. The crystal fi lter is not

well suited to phone reception because the nose of its

resonance curve is too sha r p whi le t he skirts a re too
broad.

BFa and Crystal Eliminated

The new circu it overcomes these difficult ies by
eliminating the beat-frequency oscillator and crystal
filter, and by em ploying instead a triple detection
sys tem . The first conversion oscillat or and d etector
produce the fi rst intermed ia te frequen cy, a second
oscilla tor-detect or com b inat ion o ut p uts a second IF ,
and a third d etect or produces the audible signal. For
cw reception, the second convers ion oscilla tor may
he frequen cy modulated a t a n a ud io ra te. Select ivity
is ob tained b y use of infinite reject ion circ uits in the
i-f st ages wh ich cut off on each side of the desired

1000

100

'0

Fig_ 3. A high pass, low cut-off infin ite rejection

chereeteristle, which is the opposite of Fig. 2

12

hand. T he wid t h of t he band is determined b y co ntrolling the frequen cy of t he conversion oscilla tor
{i.e. , by varying it s t uning, which may be effected at
a n a ud io rate for cw recept ion ).
In a preferred for m of the triple detection supe rhet erodyne, infi nite reject ion circu its are employed
both ahead of and followin g the second detector as
s uggested in th e sim plified drawing of Fig. 1. I n fi nite
rejection circuits are well -known. I n general, they
use com pound coupling, with induct ive coupling opposi ng a nd neutralizin g the capacitive coupling for
one pa rt icula r frequen cy at which attenuation of the
circu it is pra ct icall y infinit e. Such circuit s ma y have
t he frequency a tten ua t ion characteristics shown in
Figs. t and 3 , in which the ordinates represent att enuation a nd the a bscissae frequency. The curve of
Fig. t is a tow-pass or high cut-off circuit. Th e a t tenuation grad ua lly d ecrea ses with increase in frequen cy until it reaches the critical point, a t which
attenuation rises a lmost vertically to practicall y
in finit y, remaining 'a t this value for furth er increa ses
in frequ en cy. Th e high-pass, low cut-off cha racteristic, Fig. 3. is virtually the reverse of Fi g. t.
The recommended circuit employs a pair of cascaded low-pa ss or high c ut-off fi lters to det erm ine
th e upper frequ en cy limit of the band, and a pair of
low cut-off circuits in cascade to fi x the lower Irequcncy lim it. The band of freq uencies included between the upper and lower limit s-t hat is, th e band
width- com be cont rolled solely b y t uning the second
co nversion oscillator, necessitating no ad j ustment
of the high or low-pass circu its. I

Operational Analysis
Referring t o Fig . 1, incoming signa ls a re impressed
on the first detector syst em a long with heterod ying
oscillat ions from the first oscilla t or. Th e first d et cctor system ma y include th e convent iona l r-f
amplifier of one or more stages. It will be a ssumed
that an incoming signa l of 1000 kilocycles is heterod yned b y the first oscillator at 1465 kc to produce a
first int ermediate frequ en cy of 465 kilocycles. T his
out p ut is appl ied to the first infinite rej ector circ uit .
Thi s is a high cut-off sys tem , and the crit ical or infi nite a tten ua t ion frequen cy may be set at 465 kilocy cles , or slight ly higher. Under these cond it ions
a n)' signa l within a few kc of 465, but lower than 465
kilocycles, will P-'l SS through the first infinite rej ect ion circu it a nd be impressed on the high-frequency
or first i-I a m plifier. The output of this i-f a m plifier
is pa ssed through a second low-pass (high cut -off )
in finit e rejection circuit , where undesired Irequen cics a re furt her a tten ua ted . Thus any int ermediat e
frequency above 465 kilocycles (or whatever wa s the
crit ica l frequen cy ch osen ) is attenuated pra cticall y
to infinit y, a nd remains so. For example. a 990kilocycle signal would be excluded. while 1001 kilocycles will pass through.
The output of the second infinite rej ection circuit
is applied to the second! detector and second con-

CO

.- - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.,
version oscillator, which la tt er may be frequency
modulated at a ny -desired a udio frequency (or cw
recept ion. Switch (s) is closed. for cw reception and
open (or phone. Again choosing an arbitrary value,
a frequency of 400 kilocycles in the second conversion oscillator will provide a second intermediate
frequency of 65 kilocycles which is passed res pectively through a low c ut-off infi nit e rejection filter. a
second and low-frequency if am plifier and a fi na l
(low c ut -off) infinite rejecti on circuit . The signal
has now been subject ed t o four in finit e reject ion
circuits-two high cut- off and two low c ut -off-s-a nd
only a signa l of the desired band width rema ins t o be
passed on to the third detector system a nd a udio
a mplifier.

/I
/

64

--

I \

....

....

69

74

Band Width Control

The effect of varyin g t he frequency of the seco nd
conversion oscilla tor ca n no w he demonstrated.

z
o

-....
<f

::>
Z

........
<f
64

FREOUENCY
Fig. 4 . Combine Figl. 2 and 3 and you ob~jn the
attenuation characteristiCI of the triple detection luper
at high lelectivity
Assum ing that the high c ut-off in finite rejection
circ uits have their crit ical freq uencies adjusted to
465 kilocycles (or slight ly a bove) a nd the low cut-off
filters at the second intermediate frequency of 65
kilocycles (or slightly below), a nd that the receiver
is t uned to a lOOO-kc signa l, only t his signal will be
passed through to the th ird detector. An y signa l less
than 1000 kilocycles will be elim ina ted by the highside c ut -off circ uits while signals above UX)() kc will
be sim ila rly dealt with by the low cut-off infinite rejection circuits. This condit ion is pictured in t he
overall selectivity curve of Fi g. 4.
If the second conversion oscillator is now t un ed
above 400 kilocycles, a ll frequencies which passed
the high -side c ut -off filters will be t oo low to na vigate
th e low-side c ut-off circ uits, a nd nothing will be received. This may be vi sualized by assuming that
the two curves which bound the ba nd width in Fig. 4
be moved toward each other a nd past each ot her
until the space bet ween them , which represented the

May, 1945

Fig. 5. By varying the frequency of the second con.

version olcillator thil rectangular bendspreed pattern
il obtained
hand width, becom es zero. Tht eff~cl is j ust the
rt1Jerse if the conversion oscillator is tuned t o a
freq uency below f 400 kilocycles. The c urves a re
moved:farther apa rt, widenin g the adm itta nce band ,
a nd resul t ing in t he response cha racteristic of Fig. 5.
(If the high and low cut-off circ uits a re intercha nged , the conversion oscillator will be t uned
above 400 kilocycles to expa nd the admittance.)
The ad mittance band can be broadened or narrowed a t will, as a continuous a nd smoot h fun ction of
the second conversion oscillator, a nd without making a ny cha nges in the tuning of t he fi lter or rejection circ uits. This is a feature of considerable
va lue in both cw and phone reception. The hand
can be narrowed to a split ha ir for code signa ls under
cond it ions of severe interference, or widened to
10,000 cycles or more for high -fid elit y te lephonic rece pt ion . T he band width is always instantaneously
adj ustable to suit varying receiving condi tions.
Variation in the t uning of t he second conversion

....<f

::>
Z

UJ

....
....
<f

50

60

62 63 64 65 66 67

FREOUENCY
Fig. 6 . Frequency-modulating the second convenion
oscillator shifts Ihe li~nal in and out of the adm ittance
band at audio frequency lor cw reception

13

oscillator to c ha nge the band width may necessitat e

a slight returning of th e first oscillat or to maintain
the carrier In-qucncy of the incoming signal, after
conversion, in t he center of t he overa ll ad mittance
band of the receiver . This is beca use tuning t he
second conversion oscilla t or docs not alter th e Irequen ci es at which both high a nd low c ut-offs occur,
but only the low side. Referring to Fig. 5, cha nging
t he conversion osci llator frequ ency ma y be reg arded
as moving the low- freq uency cut-off toward or
awa y from t hc hig h-freq uency cut-off- the la tt er remain ing un cha nged. Th us a sig nal wh ich has its
carrier frequenc y centered in the admittance band
for om- band width ma y require re-cent ering if the
admitt ance band is alt ered substa nt ia lly.

t:>
<

60

58

62

64

66

Continuous W ave Reception

Fig . 7. By sweepi n, the si gn.1 co mpletel y " ross the

edml tte nce bend double ton e is obtained . Shaded
portions of Fig s. 6 and 7 show the portion ofjlh e
signa l o utside of the . dmittance band

For a furt her understanding of the circuit in the

recepti on of cw signa ls in one mod e of opera t ion, t he
rea der is referred to Fig. 6. The conversion oscillator
is tuned to such a frequ ency that the admittance
band extends from &t to 66 kilocycles. The beat-r
freq uency signa l ha s a carrier frequen cy of 64 kilocycles (just at the lower ext re me of the admittance
ba nd ) a nd is deviated in freq uency (by the freq uen c y mod ula t ion impressed on the local oscillator)
(rom flZ.5 t o flb .a kilocycles. It is a ssumed t hat the
amplit udes of both signal and local oscillations are
consta nt, eliminating amplitude modulation effects.
H the deviation were less than Z kc, and e nt irely
wit hin the admittance band , nothing would be heard
except possibly key clicks of "mush." H owever , if
the deviat ion, a s shown in Fig. 6, is such that the
frequencies swing in a nd out of the ba nd, an a mplit ud e mod ulation effect is prod uced by the passage

TO I"
~
DET _
;;
OUTPUT "'!'" ~

~ ~

I .... ~

- ~ fl

Ii

,~

'e'

I'tl
....

~
,

VARI ABLE
' UDO
OSCI LLATOR

f-

I.

~*~
~
.,.

.I'
c

or no passage of the signal. If the carrier is deviated,

say 256 cycles-per -second , it is apparent that a 25()..
cycle note will be heard-this tone contin uing as
long as the tra nsm itti ng key is depressed . I n t he
a bove exa mple, the mea n carrier frequency is assumed at one edge of the adm ittance band (64 kc) .
This is not essent ial, however, a nd the mean carrier
frequen cy may be within or without the band, so
long as it is deviated into and out of the band once
each cycle.
For min imu m noise on Inter-cha ract er spacing,
when em ployi ng t he system as d escribed , it ma y be
IConrinutJ on pagt 38]

f
.

G
l.-

- -;

RFC ~
~

[lffiG

.1"
h- ("'

~ . ~~~+ 'f1t'

.,T
...

F;

[r l u) : '1= ~
' : RFC ; l:;;

l::>-

.~:. ~ -*- I

J;:

1-;;';

'.

:I
~

...

1
ol d.

\. "

TO AUDIO

I"

""

INOICAT~

LJ
F

Fig . 8. A typic. 1 circ uit in sk eleton form . Circu its prior to the first d etector output IS well as those following
the third d etector have b u n elim inated . They have nothing to do with the uniqu e tripl e detection .ction

14

CO

o
c

Op~r,Uns

positions for medium

power , m, teur r, dio stetio n

I
DC
01

150-Watt TRANSMITTER
for 5-Band Operation
W. B. BERNARD, W4ELZ
(It. Comdr., U.5N.R.)

H E transmitter described here operates on (our

or five bands with an input of about 150 watts
on p hone or cw. It may be used for an exciter
for a fi nal a mplifier which may run u p t o the legal
limit of power.
Due t o wa r co nditions the original transmitter is
not available for photographs. This offers at least
one advantage however, for it allows correction of
one or two errors made in the first la yout. Since
everyone has parts on hand that he desires to use,
a nd beca use everyone ha s his ow n opinion regard ing
methods of const r uction, t his will not be written as
a constructional article describing t he building of
t he eq uipment down to the placement of the shortest
wire but will instead place the emphasis on circuit
details. ( Photosshown illuSlrlJur~pr~s~ntlJtir;~rigs .-td. )
The circu it permits operation on all bands from
5 to 80 meters with band-switching in all circuits
exce pt th e plate ta nk circuit of th e final a mplifier.
T he tube lineup consists of a 6L6 oscillator, t hree
6L6 doublers, and a 1'-10 or similar tube for the
final amplifier.

(Fif. 1) ma y operate a s a 40 or 80 meter crysta l

oscillator, a neutralized amplifier on 80 meters. or a
doubler to 40 meters. If only -l-baad operation is
req uired , t he ci rc uit in Fi g. t ma y be used. It is d esigned t o operate as a 40 meter crysta l oscilla tor or a
doubler to 40 meters from the 80 meter VFO
excitation.
If less than -l-ba nd operation is desired one or
moreof the doubler sta ges may be omitted. All the
t uned circuits may be moved down one octave in
frequen cy, a nd band -switchi ng ma y be incorporated
in the final pla te ta n k circ uit or one of t he Nat ional
Compa ny's co nt in uously variable tanks may be
used. if 5 meter operation is not desired. For 160
meter operation the final plate tuning condenser
must be of a higher capacity than the one specified
in the part s list. If the band in the vicinity of 2 1
ru es. becomes ava ilable to the amateurs the ind ue-

Oscillato r

T wo a r rangemen ts are shown for the oscillator,

both of which per mit operation from a remotely
located VFO wh ich furnishes SO-met er excitation.
The oscillator shown in t he complete diagram

1 50.w.u r. clc mo unted

ph on ~-c w

stetlon

lances L4 and L9 must be decreased t o a llow V2

to operate as a tripler to 21 me. The tuning condensers C4 a nd C7 should be sufficiently large to
tune the ran ge (rom 14 t o 22 me a nd a llow V2 to
continue t o double t o 14 me if t he inductances a rc

All t he tuning controls a re brought out t o the

front panel so tha t ma ximum efficiency ma y be obta ined a t any frequen cy within the band being used
(see F1g. 4 ). In add it ion t o the tun ing con t rols the
following controls a re present on the front panel :
oscilla t or scree n volta ge, exciter band switch, VFOXTAL switch, met er switch, a-c power switch and
high-voltage switch. Th e panel presents qu ite a n
array of knobs ; however, the complexity is appa ren t
rather tha n real and the ava ilability of a ll the controis will be found quit e worth -while.
Since tetrodc tu bes a rc quite sensit ive to the
a moun t of excitat ion furni sh ed, some t ype of excitation cont rol is quite esse nt ial to the proper opera t ion of this transmitter. The easiest method of
cont rolling the excita t ion is to vary the oscilla tor
screen volta ge. There is probably no rh eostat now
commercia lly available which is really well-su ited
t o fi ll the fun ction of R4 , but a suita ble substi t ute
ca n be const r ucted with an Ll-point switch a nd t en
10,OOO-ohm 5-watt resist ors, a s shown in Fig. S. The
resist ors ca n be mounted on a board a t the rear of
the chassis to a void overcrowd ing componen ts near
th e front .

In th e long run , th e a dded expense for the t ubes

and switches in a band-switching circuit is more than
offset b y the sav ing on the coil form s, sockets, a nd

crystals necessary (or multihand operation by other

method s. Also it is necessary (or the VFO t o operate
o nly on on e output frequ ency. This makes poss ible
t he elimi nation of plug-in coils or swit ching syst ems
in th e frequency-controll ing circ uits, t hereby doing
away with one of t he commonest sources of inaccura te and u nsta ble ca librat ion, which very oft en
lead t o "pink t ickets."
Each exciter tube is ca pacitively coupled to the
s ucceedi ng doubler stage a nd link-coupled to the
fin al stage. 5 1 selects eit her "FO input or a crystal
for frequency cont ro l. 52 selects the desired ha rmon ic for excitat ion of t he fi nal stage and con nects
the proper grid coi l in t he fi na l circuit. The ca t hode
circuit s of a ll th e unused doubler stages a re opened
so that they pass no plate cu rrent a nd draw no r-f
power from the doubler being used to excite the
final a mplifie r. The link circuits a re left con nected
at all times because the power absorbed b y the link

6L6
VZ

6L6
Vf

[: [:

Sfa

LA

Cf>

SfD

l;'

""

Cf<

RR:

l;'

".

Jf

r.

Rf.

'Z3

C2f
,

"'"

"

,
,H_

':a""

G~

1_

Ie :

52A

on.

SSA

x:

a - ssa

us V. A-C.

~
~

m
~

~
~

-45 V.

T-40
V5
LIZ

--

.... :]:~ :~:~ :~

R1S

',

Tf'"

=
" .'

..a

.i"f

R~

[',

Rff

F~

,ss

RR:

Ra

SA

To 6L6

RR:

R"
J

'i ~

[:

"

[:
J

CfT

Ch

6L6
VA

C22

L3

L2

LI

6L6
V,

CIa

CfA

SfC
Cf

not

IS

Tuning Co ntro l.

correctl y adj usted .

SfA

system is sma ll when the associa ted grid coil

t uned t o resonance.

RfA

'C26
RR:

e"
+H.V.

C'

"Z
300

....

f ig . 1. Schematic of complete transmitter. (P.uts list shown on p' ge 17)

16

CO

The fi na l stage is quite conventional exce pt th at

one sid e of the filament is grounded directl y at the
soc ket t o im prove perfor mance a t oj meters. If the
final grid is d riven t o sa t uration t he 6O-cycle modulation introduced by t his meth od of fi la men t ret urn
will be less than J1 of 1%. which cannot be det ected
by most a -c operated receivers. A O.OOS jJ.f mica
conden ser is connected from th e other fi la ment
terminal of th e socket to grou nd t o reduce furth er
th e ind ucta nce of the radio-frequen cy fi lament return circu it. A sma ll variable cond enser is placed
across one-hal f of the plat e tuning conden ser to
a ch ieve a better balance of th e neut ralizing circ uit.
This co ndenser should have a volta ge rati ng a t
lea st as grea t as tha t of the tuning condenser a nd
should have a capacity sligh t ly grea ter than th e
p late-to-filament capacit y of the t ube. Th e a m plifier is first neutralized at 80 meters then, with
the transm itt er operat ing on 5 meters, th e ba la ncing
conden ser should be a d j usted to give neu tralization on 5 meters. If the ampli fi er ha s been ca refully
planned and con structed the neut ralizat ion should
t hen be satisfactory for all bands.
Electrolytic condensers in series are used. in th e
exciter power suppl y. T he bleed er resist or is centertapped and the junction between the two condensers
is con nected to the tap in order to equalize the
v olt age across them . Because th e 6L6 heat ers are
furni shed from the sa me tran sformer as the plate
v oltage it is necessary t o insert a switch in the lead
between the high voltage cen ter ta p a nd ground to
allow th e 6L6 ca t hodes to heat before the plate

SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

Ct
100 J,ljJ.f
midgel variable
312 jJ.jJ.f
mica trimmer
C2
C 3, 4, 7
50 jJ.J,lf
midgd variable
C 5, 6
35 jJ.jJ.f
....
C8
100 jJ.jJ.f per sect. .070" lpacing
C9
Balancing cond o See Inl
C 10, 26
.00 2 jJ.f
500 vel! mica
e n , 12, 13, 15}
1000 voll paper
C 16, 17, 19, 20 . 0 1~jJ.f
C 2 1, 23, 24, 25
C 14, 18, 22
50 1'1'1
1000 volt mic.
C 27
.005 p..f
500 voll mica
5000 voll mica
C 28
.002 jJ.f
C 29, 30
40 jJ.f
450 voh electrolytic :
R1, 5, 8, 11
50,000 ohm 2 walt
500 ohm
2 welt
R2
1 walt
R3, 7, 10, 13, 14 20 ohm
R4
Heavy dUly compression rheollal
R6, 9, 12
20,000 ohm 10 watt
3500 ohm
10 w.tt
R15
R16, 17
25,000 ohm 10 watt
11
1200 v, ct. 200 me," 5 v, 3e.
6 .3 v, 40.
12
7.5v.2.5 .
Ch
5-25 h
0250 ma
RFC
2.5 mh
125 ma

May, 1945

One-kw ham Iranlmitter using 150.watl buffer which

can be cpereted as a tranlmitter independently of Ihe
power amplifier

volta ge is a p plied . I n the origina l tran smitter the

b ias sup ply co nsists of a 4a-volt "B" battery, but a
power transformer with a grid -b ias winding or tap
may be used t o su pply bias as well as plate and
heated voltages. If suc h a bia s su pply is used it
would probabl y be desirable to usc a 2-watt neon
lamp without the base resistor to stabi lize the bia s
voltage on the exciter stages so tha t variation of
final a m plifier grid curren t will not react upoa the
doubler biases.
I a 1'-40 or equivalent tube is used in the final
stage a high-voltage su pply of 1000 t o 1250 volts at
150 rna should be used. T he modulator should be
capable of furni sh ing 75 to 100 watts t o a n SOOO-ohm

load.
A 300 r na meter is placed in the positive plat e
su pply lea d to t he fi nal stage. Si nce the movemen t
of t he meter is above ground -poten tial, preca utions
should be ta ke n to prevent the possibility of a fatal
shock from the zero-ad just ing screw. A 150-ma
met er is connected to mea sure the exciter ca t hod e
and fi na l grid currents. A ZO-ohm resist or is placed
in series wit h each of these leads and the meter is con nect ed across any desired one by means or a twocircuit five-point switch.
Because t here may be a large d ifferen ce of potential bet ween various circ uits connected t o the switch
it wa s thought that one of the non -s hort ing type

17

r'~S ' A

CI4

6L6

I--

L'
<

CJ
SIB

CII

Interio r of 50-wall a-e /d.c cw transm itter

RFC

,I

R2

R'

Cl2

R3

J'
G

C13

ClO

Fig. 2 . Circuit for Ieee-bend cperetlon

switches did not offer a sufficiently large factor of

safety. T herefore a t wo-ga ng eleven-point switch
wa s modifi ed by removi ng every ot her contact a nd
filling the detents associated with t hese co ntacts
with solder .

Ch.ssi.
The entire unit is built on a 17' x 13' x-l' chassis
(see Fig. 5 ). By the use of a cha ssis with a re mova ble
t op a lmost a ll of t he wiring ca n be accomplished before the chassis is assembled. The depth of 4" a llows a ll of th e exciter com pone nts excep t th e tubes
to be mount ed under t he chassis . Th e (our 6L6's
a re pla ced along t he [ren t of the c hassis, progressing
from right to left so t hat th e pla te a nd grid pins are
in the correct order wh en t he cat hode a nd heater
pin s are toward the rear of the chassis. This makes
it possib le to con nect the in terst age coupling co n-

.... ----- 20000 OHMS

dcnsers directl y from one plate t erm inal t o the next

grid termi nal . Series feed is used to a ll the tu be
plates beca use fewer RFC' s a nd bl ockin g condensers
arc necessary for series feed t ha n for sh unt feed .
This greatly red uces the possibi lity of lo w-Frequen cy
parasitic oscillations . S uccessive shunt-fed stages
with ident ical RFC' s a nd bl ocking condensers are
" set-ups" for s uch oscillation s. It is al so undesirable
to use series Iced with the condenser rotors grounded
beca use t he b locki ng condenser m ust ca r ry the e ntire tan k c urrent which is man y t imes as grea t as the
r -f plate c urrent a nd t he PR losses in t he condensers
a rc proportional to the sq ua re of the c ur re n t. Also,
under these cond it ions, the t uning condensers m ust
have a much high er voltage rating which necessa ri ly makes th em larger a nd tess desirable for v-h-f
use.
T he o ne grea t disadvanta ge of se ries feed as used
here is that the tuning condensers must be insulated
from the c hass is. C3 must a lso be in sulated from the
chassis for r -f volta ges. The condensers a re mounted
on t he chassis top with steatite button s t o provid e
t he nec es sa r y insula t ion . Bar knobs with well su nk
se t sc re ws a re used to prot ect the opera tor from the
volta ge on the condenser sha fts.
Th e fina l amplifier and th e exci te r power s up ply
a re located a t the rear of th e c hassis. Th e final plate
t uning condenser is mount ed upside d own on the
center line of t he chassis at th e height wh ich ma kes
t he lead to the plate of the tu be as shor t as possib le.
Because the man y con t rols associated with the
oscillator occupy the r ight s id e of the panel, the final
grid cont rols a rc put on the left side. These con t rols
are moun ted on a sma ll subpa ne l mounted under the
c hassis a nd t he shafts a re extended to th e front
pa nel. The sha ft extensions a re ma de 'of ins ulati ng
material because the y pass near th e exciter tuned
circuits.

Tuning Coil.
r<'

fO.OOO OfoIMS (A CH ,"

.. ... ...

Fig . 3. Mclhod of conlrolling oscill.lor screen voltagc

18

T he t u ni ng coils a re a ll home-made. T he 40 and

SO-met er exciter coils a re wound o n 1" bakelite
tubing . The 5, 10, a nd 20 meter coils are spacewound se lf-s upport ing coils, the 10 a nd 20 meter
coils are cement ed to three narrow celluloid st rips
t o furnish addi tional s upport. These self-support ing
coils a re mounted directly on the tuning condenser
ter mi nals or, in the case of t he fi nal grid coils, on the

CO

06 0
~

Five-band 50-watt a-c/d-c/battery operated c w

tran smitt er

s witch t erminals. The fi na l pla t e co ils are a lso spacewoun d self-sup port ing coils with celluloid st ri ps t o
give ad ded support . These coils are moun t ed on
pol yst yren e plug strips wh ich plug into a polystyrene ja ck st rip mount ed on t he fin al t uning conden ser. T h is ja ck st rip is supported by b ra ss a ngles
mounted on th e st a tor t erm inal s of t he co ndenser,

COIL DATA
Coils listed here are sub je ct to chang e due to
differences of mechan ical construction of diHerent
trensmltters.
L1
351 120 enem. on 1" die. form close wo und
L2 , 8 221 ..
If
....
..
..
..
II
L3, 7 45T If ..
..
II
..
..
..
..

"
1" dle. 1" long space wound
L5, 10 7 ..
..
3.4" "
..
..
L6
3 114
"
" " spaced to tune
L11
4 "
..
L1 2
5 meters 41 114 enem . 11A!" d ia.'2" long"
10
..
9T
.... 2" "
..
L4 , 9

12T 11 8

01

II

II......

II

..

II

20
40
80

..
..

14T
24T

.. ..
.. ..

II

451 11 8 .. ..

..

.. ..
..
I I 3"
..
.. 31ft" I I

the a ngles also se rving as co nd uct ors con necting th e

stat or t erm ina ls a nd the ja cks.
The exciter links a nd co nnect ing lines were made
with low-loss r-f hook up wire. Th e number of t urns

C6

C5

C4

Cf

J1

eJeJeJ eJeJ e

I1Cf t:fCf!J Cf

53

C7

52

R4

54

Sf

SCALE IN INCHES

Fig. 4 . Sugg este d pane l layout o f 1 50wa tt tran smitter

in th e link coils a nd the coup li ng of t he lin ks t o the

tank circuit s a re ad justed to give t he recommended
grid current for the fin a l a m plifier. Two t u rns is
s uffi cien t for a ll these links except a t 5 meters where
the link line had t o be tapped directl y on LO.
Even though the plate cannot be seen to check up
on operatin g cond it ions, the 6L6 is recommended for
the 5 and 10 meter doubler sta ges beca use it has
lower lead ind uc ta nce than the 6L6G .
Although the paper b y-pass condensers used in
the original transmitter func t ion sat isfact orily, from
a n engineering stand point it is sug-gested that they
he replaced b y mica cond ensers.
This art icle wa s written with th e idea of introducing a few s ugg-est ions on tra ns mitter d esign and
constr uct ion. (T he opin ions expressed by lhe wril"
are his own, and do not necessarily refiecl Ih ou oj Ihe
Ntl1Jy . )

Tf

CS

V5

s2--~rQ,
,

VB

0
, ,
"',
---------------- -XTAL-0
r---CtCtCtO': o
,

---,

,,

, I

_ _ __ ___ --'-- ___ ....._ L_

- - o!, ,,

C7

I
I

C6

I I
I I

!!

C5

I I
I I

! ~

C4

11
I I

fl

C.3

II
I I

II

C1

I
,

rrT'1 ' I ' I '~

~2

~
SCALE

Interio r o f small transmitter, showi ng shie ldi ng

May, 1945

IN INCHES

Fig. 5 . How the a utho r lays out the ch assis

19

ANTENN AS

"

and

SIMPLE ARRAYS, BEAMS AND MASTS

AST l\IONTH we ga ve considerat ion t o two

simple forms of a nten nas, for use in WERS operat ion between lJ2 a nd 116 megacycles. \Vh ile
the performance of the two un its could be assumed
t o be almost id en t ical und er similar installa t ion
conditions, one might be ve ry much more desirable
than the other, where the mechan ical conditions of
construct ion a re of importance, It is the pur pose of
this article to s uggest various t ypes of masts, which
may he chose n for the manner in which they will
best fit int o th e proposed set- up, If the a n tenna is
to be erected on the flat roof of a n a pa rtmen t house,
we have one group of co nd it ions to co nsider ; while
a mast , designed t o support the sa me sort of a ntenna
may be a m uch more simple a ffair. if we a re goi ng to
attach it to a house in the country.

A Few Fundamental.
Where operation is at a fixed location, and when
communication is eit her to be carried on over co mparatively lon g distances or where one is likely to
encounter interfe rence, the im portance of getting
t he a ntenna as h igh as possible can not be overemphasized . This consideration is the most important in a ny system-part icula rly where t he
power employ ed is as low as in the a verage \VERS
stat ion, \\'e must, of course, compro mise between
ext reme height and fra gility.
\Vhile most u-h-f operation a t present is carried
on with t he simplest of antennas for the reason that
t he ma jority of networks operate with in restricted
districts and elaborate systems a re not necessa ry,
t he difference bet ween sett ing up a n efficien t a nd inefficient system a mo unts to so little, that it is generally wise to derive the benefit of preliminary
planning, It is well t o bear in mind, that, if th e
mast is s ubs ta nt ial a nd ruggedly erec ted , it will
ca rry a lmost any kind of a n arra y (which the more
elaborat e a ntenna systems a re ca lled ) we sha ll be
. Iikely to require in the fu ture,

Down To Bras. Tack.

Fift een feet doesn't sound like much, b ut is just
a bout a ll we care going in for, when it is to be added
t o some ot her st r uct ure. For some installations, even
this height will be entirely too much. If it is at a ll
possible to ob ta in -a 15-foot length of thorou ghl y

20

Fi9 .~4 ,

Antenna: used at W2USA

CQ

HAT 'H O L D S 'EM UP

ARTHUR H . LYNCH, W2Dtu

seasoned 3 x 3-inch redwood, yo u will have just

about as good a mast as you ca n fi nd . I n the
absence of redwood , pine wilt do-but it's much
heavier. In either case, the pole should be given two
or t hree coats of a good grade clea r outside (" spar")
varn ish . S uch a ma st was used at one of our locat ions for more t han ten years. It lived th ro ugh two
of the worst hurricanes t ha t ever struck Lon g
Island. I n the co urse of its life it supported so
man y a ntenna va riet ies t hat it is hard to na me t hem .
However, a single di-pole for 2 ~ meters a nd a sixclemen t rotary beam, for operat ion on the t en met er
band were a mong t he collect ion. T he latter was used
horizontall y a nd measured about thirty feet from
t ip to tip. We were lucky in locating a spot besi de a
chim ney, wh ich , we th ought would aid in su pporting the pole. It wa s found lat er that support at the
chimney top wa s not necessary. But the chimney
d id rend er the insta llation a little less cons picuous.
\\'here the pole can be en.-. ct ed on top of a tall
building, or a ho use having the natural a d va ntage
of a hill-top loca t ion, it may be that the 1O-foot
length of 2 x 4, d escribed in t he preceding article,
will be sufficien t. H owever, almost everything said
a bout the l S-footer goes for the sma ller st ick.
Some id ea of th e su pportabilit y of un guyed
masts ma y be had from the accompanying illustra t ion s. The t h ree-inch st ick, t o which we referred
above, is sho wn in Fi g. 1 with a six-elemen t , ten-

me ter, close-spaced array. The antenna, operated

in a horizon tal plane, was made rotable b y a very
simple method , involving a couple of bread board!
a nd some brass p ulleys pic ked up at t he "five a nd
dime." Optim um height, in this case, was less than
requ ired for operation on t he higher frequencies, so
it wa s necessary to drop the entire pole by means of
repla cing the lag-bolt s, which held it t o the house.
(T his provid ed the additional a d vantage of lettin g
us usc t he chimney as a seat during ad justments.)
Holes were bored in t he main stick a nd lag-boIts
were t hen insert ed through the o utside wall of t he
house a nd int o one of the main risers, located, as
luck woul d have it , a longside the edge of th e
Fig.

s.

Three-element 20 meter rotary beam designed

by James Ty nen , W2BRI

Fig. 1. Ten-meter
rotary beam on an
unguyed po le at

WiDKJ

May, 1945

21

were able to ca rry on regular com munication wit h sta tions up to seve nt y milee.;
i
h" you ca n
..Sonu- ..
iuea 0 fJust h ow m uc h vso
spinae
t it, to the top of such a st ic k ma y be had from the
t wo photos (F i gs. 2 and 3 ) showing the t hree and
four-clemen t :")O lllt'l t' r rotary beams designed a nd
built b y J a mes T ynan , WZ IHU , of the Garden City
Radio Club. The trestle extending from the pea k of
the roof t o the gut ter, wa s provided with a mova ble
pla t for m , wh ich could be slid into va rious positions.
By c ha ng ing OfW- S position, and rotating the beam,
t he a rray co uld IH: chec ked and ad justed for pea k
perfor ma nce . Our ma in point, here, however, is to
show how far you can RO wit h unguyed masts .
watt s inp ut,

Fig. 3. Four-element beem designed end built by

J.mes Tyn.n, WiBRl, of the G.rden City R.dio Club
chimney, Several suc h bolts a re desirable and their
posit ion will be indicated by ind ividual condition s.
The arran gement with t he cross-stic k on th e top
(if the 3 x 3 wa s USt..d for 2 .!+nwt<-r operation . The
antenna , it self, known a s an "extended la zy H ,"
was made of fo ur aluminum rods, two poi nted up
and two down from t he e ro-s-arm . \ ,"it h th irt y

Iii!-

wt-

World', F.i, Antenn.

Th e a rra ngemen t, shown in Fig. 4 , is a ful l-wave,
ck.......-opaced . bi-directional , vertical beam used a t
\\'ZCSA. the amat eur sta t ion at t he N ew York
\,"orld 's Fair. Stations in India a nd C hina were
wor ked, even tbougb the r .I. from t he t ra ns mi tter
t o t he a nten na was fed t hroug h 300 fee t of ord ina ry
twisted pa ir of o ut door elect ric-lig ht win> T he

....

.
.<.'-..

' f'''

. . ~ "l
-

I t!

~.:::.:.

~.

-.

...

""

Fig . 6 . Oper.ting desk of Wi USA

22

co

A-D } - FULL WAVE

_ 103 }12-

E- H
K

G-B}
F- C

'"
fG

- 2"

<,

Ie -

~
B

f2 ~

H- l } - --~%"
A
a-M
H

.. r'"

II
~ _-

di mens ions for suc h a beam, for use on t he 2 ,!.1meter

ba nd a re Riven in Fi g. 5 .
.
A long feed-line, of t he t ype men tioned, is not
recom mended . Bu t for t h e record , it may be well to
call attent ion to t he " tra nsmission -lines" r u nning up
from the operating desk (Fig. 6) at \V2 USA. T he
cord, on the left car ried 600 wa tts of r. f. on t wentymeter phone. T he line com ing down behind t he
"scope" passed u nder the table to t he 1oo-met er rig
(not shown) while the rig ht-ha nd pair, passi ng
through the cards, Eight h District, was the fi vemeter lead-in . Xone of t hem was less t han 150 feet
long and a ll the tra nsmitters got a round in good
shape. I t is not to be t hought that better results
would no t have been obtained if spaced pairs had
been used for the transm ission lines part icula rly
where the runs were so lon g. But with six teen
an ten nas o n t he roof of a single b u ild ing, each having
its own line, there would have been hard ly eno ugh
wall space for t he m a lll

TWISTED PAIR

Dir.cton and R.n.clon

Fig. S. The .ntenna photographed in Fig. 4 redimcnsloncd for operetion in the 21ft-meter bond

j!
R ~~~~$
TPP-

View

In our preceding a rt icle we described two fund amental , single-element radiators with the implica tion that , whi le reasonably sat isfact ory in th emselves, t hey could be used as the basis for more ad va nced and efficie nt designs. Increased effic iency
can be obtained by co ncentrating t he radiation in
t he direction we wa nt it t o go-bea ming t he a nten na t owa rd t he sta t ion with which we a re in comm unica t ion-by means of a reflector and directors.
S uch a cons t r uc t ion is shown in t he drawing of
Fig. 7. Ca lculat ion of the len gths of the various
element s is in accorda nce with the formulae---

)
DIRECTION ------l~

Refl ector ( R)

-- -2B ---~-f2 ~
->-k- 'D"

Ant enna (A)

May, 1945

I (mc )

"'"

Direct ors (D)

..

St ub (S)

_ Feet

468

I
450

I
R
2

- which gives us the followin g ta b le of lengt hs for

o ptim u m o peration in the 2 J.+ met er band :

R
A
D

s
Fi9. 7 . EI.bor.tin, on the simple dipole. This array
is particul.,ly suitable for WERS work . The clements
.rc 1fiJ-inch copper tubing . " L" will be approximately 6 inches for the , verl , e transmission line

492

11!mc II Smc II ~mc

4 ' 2 31i"
4 '3 H " 4'3"
4' )1"
4' l 31i" 4 '1 "
4' 1"
4' y;" 3 ' 11 ~ "
2 '1 %, " 2 ' 172" 2' 1Y;"

115mc
4' 2"

4'

116 me
4 ' 1}2"
3 '1I ~"

3 '10% " 3 ' lOM "

2' 1"
2' U"

T he co nst r uct ion is such that t he spacing be t ween

the elements is ad j ustable, the d imens ions given
p rovid ing excellent result s a t t he a uthor's locat ion.
\Vit h adj ustments fi nally com pleted the signal a
Qua rter- mile away wa s R9 as compared with R4
(or a sim ple half-wave dipole.

23

SIMPLE

ANTENNA

ROTARY
SUPPORT

Suitable for Light-Weight Arrays and Rods from 112 Me Up

L. LeKASHMAN. W210P

I'

EXTRE~ I

ELY simhighly ef-

The simplicity of welded construction is a feature in this mounting .

pie. ret
Relatively few amateurs lake advantage of welded design . Welds are
fective rotary anstrong, labor and lime..wving, economica l, and your nearest garage can
t enna sup por t ca n be asusually accommodate you on big or little jobs.
sembled for a few dollars.
\\'hile t he a rrangement
d oes not lend itself t o motor drive or particularly
Close Fit Required
heavy bea m, it ca n perfor m a d mirably (or such
The only im portant d imension is the fit between
ant enna s as F~f . telev ision, e tc . Constructional
the mal e and femal e pipes. Rather than trust to
features a re shown in Figs. 1, t , and S.
actual mea surement s it is desirable to test the fit
Dimen sion s are not crit ical a nd may depend on
before cuttin g the stoc k. \Vhile the top sect ion
the materials available. I n the model illustrated,
should turn freel y there should be no sid e play.
a piece of flat iron stock 16 inches in length, 3 inches
The soc ket should be thoroughl y greased when the
wide and .approximately % -inch th ick, form s the
un it is finall y a ssembled. The entire antenna s upant enna su ppor t . This is welded to a 9-inch piece
port should be rust-proofed with at lea st three coats
of hollow stock with an inside dimension of 2 inches.
of a good outsid e or metal-roofing paint.
T he bottom ha lf con sists of a 9-inch lengt h of solid
A number of th ese unit s have been cons t r uct ed
rod with a n outsid e diamet er just under 2 inches.
utilizing various method s of cont roll ing direction .
Thi s solid sect ion is welded to a piece of the same
The simplest, employed two pieces of a good -grade
flat stock form ing the beam s upport. The bottom
non-stretch rope fastened t o t he mounting brackets.
piece however, inst ead of bei ng left flat, is bent into
Th is permitted 180degrt'c rotat ion , which is a ll that
a If-shaped bracket whose dimensions a llow a
4 x 4 len gth of lumber t o fit sn ugly.
ICon':nu,a on P41~ 39}

Fig. 2 . A sim ple rotary antenna support.

24

The two sections fit together as ill ustrated in Fig. 3

CQ

,
HOW THE N. U. EQUIPMENT PL AN
HELPED SERVICE DEA LERS PROSPER I
Here's a typical example of how service dealers obtained the
test equipment they needed through National Union deals. This
!
U. plan was OK'd 60,000 times by radio service dealers and helped make servicing more profitable for thousands!

NA TION AL UNION
RADIO AND ELECTRONIC TUBES
,
May, 1945

25

ITH

ERS

THE

New Yo rk to Philly open for business . .. Maine Florida

route proposed . . . WERS in Connecticut . . . Inter-state
traffic . . . Jersey news . . . WERS answers fire alarms

I =" KEl\:-;EY, Chief Radio Aide, New York

City (who swivels his cha ir in the Office of The

~I a yor ..

City Hall ) w rites that the ECRA

(Eastern Conference of Radio Aides, of which Vin

is Chairman ) has definitely esta blished a traffic
route between New York City and Ph iladelphia and
Allen t own , Pa., over different rout es, with contact s
in Westches ter, Suffolk a nd Na ssau Cou nties, N . Y.
It is expected that Wilmingt on, Del., will soon link
Philly with Wa sh ingt on. \ V2 BGO writes- "We arc
co-opera ting closely with Dr. Wood ward , State
Ra dio Aide for Connect icut, ha ndl ing the New E ngland end of our t raffic net. Westchester. \ VJ QN,
will endeavor to work S tamford, Conn ., \VJQA,
with H unt ingt on a nd M ineola , L. I. t ryi ng for
Sta mford o r Brid geport. These th ree New York
sta t ions arc a ll within range of our cont rol stat ion
W N Yj -l 50 , and if a ny one of them comes t hrough
with a cont act with Connec t icut , we' ll have a ro ut e
fr om Boston t o Ph illy. With t he Philad elphia Washingt on circuit working, I hope t o st retch north
a nd sout h un t il we cover from Ma ine to Florida ."

- ... -

~I cct

J acobus (J ack ) A ndriese, \V2L K U, a nd

C hair ma n o f Comm unication!'>, Nassa u County \\'a r
Council, with mobile \ VK L R-6.) as a bac k-drop.
W2 LK U, incidentally, is the a rtist who doped out
t he block diagra m of the NYC \ VE RS set- up in
~I arch

CQ.

-....

Con necticut ha s over 200 licensed WERS operators a nd completely bla n kets the state according
to Dr. R . W . W oodu'Grd, Sta te Radio Aid e, a nd cooperates 100% with the other New England sta tes.
Relay syst ems a re under consideration.

- ... -

The idea of inter-state \ VE RS co-operation, with

present a nd post-war emergency service possibilities is also advocated by Tom lofc N ult y , State
Rad io Aide for Ma ry la nd, who is working for relay
contacts wit h Pen nsylvania a nd Virginia. Maryla nd is one of t he most active states in the \VE RS.
Governor O'Con nor is a periodical host to some 400
WE RS operators at the Sta te Capitol- which inc1udes eats after t he b usiness meet ing. Maryland
emphasizes t he desirability of portable a nd portable-

M r. end M n . Atha n Cosmu

mobile rigs for flexible operat ion. with units loca ted
in public places, such as police a nd fire stat ions,
ra ther t han private homes.

- ... -

Ha nd y a nd walkie-talkies- \VNYj 310 and

WXYj -221, respectively-with (1\l rs.) Louise B .
Cosmas, Operator 462, a nd (Mr. ) Athan Cosma s,
Operator 461 , reporting dept h charge (a sh-ca n) just
across the st reet. Phot o by R obert Coilaugh, W2DT E ,
official photographer for t he NYC \VERS, and who
did the pix in the March write-up. Cosmas is a n
engi neer with WQXR, a nd , incidentally, has
promised CQ a n article on modernizing the 3.5-inch
oscilloscope.

John A . Kiener, C hief Radio Aid e for th e WERS

in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, has been elected a Direct or o f t he ARRL. Kiener is widely known for his
work with t he WE RS rad iophone network, WJj S,

26

co

COLLINS ENGINEERING

AND

EIMAC TUBES

achieve outstanding results

Output CW-5 KW; Output

'P h o n e -3 KW 100%modulated
with a paicofEimac450TLtubes
in class " B" audio ; co n t in uou s
coverage from 2 Me to 18.1 Me
with 11 preset cha n n els in that
range a n d com p lete m an u al cove rage throughout wh ol e r ange,
C ap a b le o f c omplet el y un a t tended remote co n trol o p e ra tion
an d of AI. A2 and A 3 tYfe emissio n. Audio characteristi cs: plus
o r minu s three DB from 150 to
3.500 cycles. T otal ha r mo n ic
distortio n less than 10,.. The
trans mi tter can be term inated
into a 50 to 1,200 p ure resistive
load at zero degrees p h ase ang le.
70 to 850 o h m load at pl us o r
minu s 45 degrees a n d 100 to 600
o h ms at plusor minu s 6 0 d egrees.

T his Collins type 2310.11 (NavyTDH) radio transmitter

is an outstanding demonstration of the value of capable
engineering coupled with the intelligent choice and use
of vacuum tubes.
It is the latest of a series of Collins Autotune, quick shift
transmitters which were originally introduced in 1939,
and which use Eimac tubes in the important sockets. In
the 231 0.11, two Eimac 750TL tubes in parallel make
up the power amplifier, while a pair of Eimac 450TL
tubes in class "B"" are used as modulators for voice and
MeW emission.
Mr. F. M. Davis, General Manager of the Collins Engineering Division, says: "Eimac tubes have been found to
be reliable, rugged and capable ofwithstanding the severe
overloads encountered during equipment tests, without
damage: "Statements like this, coming from such me~ as
Mr. Davis, o ffer proof that Eimac tubes are first choice of
leading engineers throughout the w orld.

, ,-I
W rit. fo r yo u r co p y of EI. ctro n ic
Telesis - a 64 poge booUet f .... lIy iIIustrated - cove ring the fu nda me ntal. of
Electro nics a nd many of its important
application. In layma n'. longuoge.

011

TU.' S
OIR-MctuUOUGH,lnc.,956 Scan Maleo An., Scan lruno, Calif...
P1anh local" at: San lruna,Califarnla andSaltLakeClty,UtaIi
bport Allen'lI Fraza,' Hansen, :101 Clay Street, San Franclsca 11, Callfamla, U. S.....

.. ~'"

,1 .1. 1."" "lol 1l .\I u

\ . . ....

R a ce of Ce n t i r v

'" ........

Sl a te d

Chi cago
I
-

for

8, 0

C.ODUPUllo.

Dwo ..., oc _

.......

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'h O

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....

._

Two of our authors (both in this issue) and how they settled an argument back in 1927

The

READER'S

LOG

Where You Can Call The Shots As You See Them

"Typic.I" Re.der Reports
T~

the Editor of CQ :

In q ualifyi ng myself a s a typical reader, I refer to a

radio background that must be more or less representative of your future clientele-to wit: Amateur
license in 1928, commercial ticket in 1932, five yea rs
in commercial air traffic cont rol. and a naval commission after Pearl Har bor with its quietu s on
amateur rad io. I've been hankering to get back on
the air again ever since. This hunger for "the good
old days" grows more a nd more acute as time pa sses.
a nd this sa me feeling must be prevalent a mo ng
thousands of ot her " ex" amateurs condem ned to a
st erile a nd nosta lgic contemplat ion of what was
formerl y one of t hei r greatest pleasures .

And that' s where CQ comes in. Denied by wa rti me restrictions the act ual consu mmation of his
desi
'
esi res for ha mmmg,
t h"
e ex " amateur must t urn
t o t he vica rious pleasu re of reading about such activities. In my own case, I have purchased or subscribed to every publication even suggesting amateur radio. If you will keep CQ a hams' ma gazine,
st eer it in the righ t channels, you can do a grea t
service.
The t echnical a rticles in the first issue were good.
- pa rt icula rly McMurd o Silver's " \ Vh y 100 %
Modulation?" Recen t t echn ical developments a nd
pract ices have mad e it evident that the way we
d id t hings in those " good. old da ys" wa sn 't a lways
t he best proced ure. So tell us how to do th ings .
Transmitter const ruct ion articles ma y seem to be

co

28
,

Pioneer FM station uses BULEY CRYSTALS

When M a jor Arm a lways worthwhile to s pecify
s t ron g 's station W 2XM N wen t
BliJey crystals. An outstando n t he a ir fro m Alpi ne , N ew
ing exam p le o f this is the disJ ersey o n July 18 , 1939 , radio covery a n d d evelo pmen t b y
h isto ry wa s in t he m a king.
Blil e y e ng i nee rs o f A CID
T his fi rst FM t ransm itter to
ETCHED CR Y ST A LS ' . Thi.
be p ut in service, b u ilt by
tech n iq ue wa s a n estab lished
R EI.... employed t he Armstrong
part of Bliley prod uction be crysta l-controlled p hase s h ift
fo re P earl H arbor. It is now
m odula tion.
reco gnized 8S a p rerequ isite to
depen dable service in military
B liley crystals are d oin g a n
equipment.
excellent job in t his o utsta nd-

ing F l\1 ins talla tion.

For a dva nced engineering it is

It is a good habit to consu lt

Bliley engi neers w h en n ew d e-

velo p men ts a re in t he m a kin g.

O u r s pec ia lized e ng ineer ing
can often be o f real assista nce

toward solution of your d esign

p rob lems. This k in d of ser v ice
ha s m a d e Bliley t he fo remost
p roducer of quart z crystals fo r
a mateur a n d commercial radio
in peacet ime a nd fo ro u ra r med
forces in t ime of war.

'f?-

A d d ndting quartz crystaI. to

qLl~ney i. a pat~ntnl Bl iky prot:TU.
U niUd S tatn P au Rt N o . 2,,364.501.

Do more thon before .

bu y e x t ra War Bonds

BULEY ELECTRIC COMPANY

UNION STATION BUILDING ERIE, PENN.

May, 1945

29

out of pl ace at the m oment, hut I say let's have

them!
One o f t he wa r-time amateur's grea test
pleasures is s ke tc hin g lip t hat post -war et her buster.
Sure-we ca n' t b u ild it now , b ut we ca n dream.
Give us more idea s!
L ieut. COJ4r, M atthews, US.\' R W6EAK
Naval Air Tech. Trai ning Center
Ward Island. Corpus C hr isti , T exa s
.\Iarch 23rd 19-15

Cia.. C License.
To the Editor of CQ:
I have just received the F ebruary issue of CQ.
Wh ile t he few a rt icles in your publication were fairly
int eresting, J Ieel J must differ with you o n the
se ntimen ts expressed under ZERO BIA S in regard
to Class C operation . First of all, you state that
"there arc many wh o would favor the elim inat ion
of th e Cla ss C t icket.' I believe that the statement
"there arc man y" is a s ubt erfuge used by the writer
of th e article to hide h is O'U'n se nt ime nts. Certainly
I have never come across a ny si m ila r suggest ion in
a n y other rel iable publ ication .
I consi de r t his a n unfair a tt it ude to assume conce mi ng a gro up to whom" ham radio means m uc h

m ore t ha n just a hobby . If a regula t ion wen: passed

voidi ng Cla ss C licenses, it would make it practicall y
impose.. ible for the majorit y of presen t Class C
licensees to obta in a ny t icket a t al l. (T h is a p plies
only to t he ph ysically inca pacita ted , of course. )
T he elim inat io n of the Cla ss C licen se would be a
catast rophe t o several fr iends of mi ne-a nd to myself. Furthermore, you wou ld d eprive man y un fort unate veterans of the joys of amateur radio.
Only those wh o a re confined to a chair or bed for
r ea rs on end obtain the real knowledge of what
a ma teu r rad io mean s. It not on ly frees t hem from
the prison of their surroundi ngs, b ut it puts th e m on
a n equal footing with those wh o a re more fort u nate
than they .
George Boles. W2XB L
Brookl yn, x. Y .
(By virtue of Class C. )
February 19th 1945
1I~SB U

misinterprettd our ed itoria l. B ut u'e a p

preciate his letter a nd the opportu nity it sUJ:.gests to
darify our sta nd . A Class C license is issued to a n a pplicant u'ho, beca use of distance or physical disability,
cannot make a personal a p pea ra nce at an FCC office
f or exa mination , llou-eier, he is required to pass the
us ual 13 -uords per min ute code test a nd the -uriuen ex(Conl;nud on piJgt J7]

HE

MHf
0'

COLUMBlA-WlDIRWAIR..SOUllID'-L

19#-.
Plenty or points ror these Ham,

30

CO

Secure YOUR Monthly Copy

of CQ by Subscribing NOW
--

_------;,~;,~\:9:.~~ ,

Du. to pa p., restrictions, CO will

not b. sold on n.wss14nds lor the
duration . A s.lect.d list ol: Ham' Dis.
tributors will : have a llmtted num ber
01 copies on sal. at 25c eech.

12 issues
24 issues"
36 issues"

. $2 .50
. 4.00
.

5.00

In U. S.A. & l )o s s e s s iu l l.'f

Elselrhere $3 .50 /Jer )' f"f, r

I - - - - - - - - - - - T EAR OUT- M A IL TODAY- - - - - - - - - - - I

I
I
CQ-RADIO MAGAZINES. INC.
C.II
. .... .......... .. . .

I
I

342 MADISON AVE NEW YORK 17. N. Y.

ca. I
I

Sirs: HerR is my 0 check (or 0 money order For S

.. Send me
issues of
12 issues 52.50-24 issues 54.-36 issues 55. Canadian and foreign subscriptions are 53.50 annually .

SubKribe,'s Name (print c.refully).

I
.I

Address

City

I
I

,
,

What .IS your occupation

. or prof
'
esslon

.Stete

.... .. II

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..

... Zene.. ....

..

I
I

L ---'- ------ -------------~

May, 1945

31

lETS GET THE AOAfI/fAl. HIS HORSE .I

Admiral Halsey has his

Hou se .. . rem ember?

eye o n a fine white horse

ca lled Shirayuki.
Some time ago, a t a press
conference , he exp ressed
the hope that one day soon
o mcl al u.s. S I l')' Photo
he could ride it.
The chap now in Shirayuki's sadd le is J apan's E m peror -Hiroh ito.
H e is the ruler of as arrogant, treacherous,
and vicious a bunch of would-be despots as
this e arth has ever seen.

Your personal quota is big-bigger than ever

before . So b ig y ou m ay feel y ou can't a fford it.

The kind of arrogance sh own by lo jo - w ho

wa s g oing to d ictate peace from the Wh ite

But we can a fford it - if American sons,

brothers, husbands can cheerfully afford to die.

We ll, it's high time we finished this whole business. High time we got the Emperor off his
high horse, a nd gave Admiral H a lsey his r ide .
T he best way for us a t home t o h ave a hand
in this clean-up is to s upport the 7th War Loan.
I t's the biggest loan y et. It's two loans in
one . Last yea r, by this t ime, you had been
asked twice to buy extra bonds.

ALl. OW FOR. THE MIGHTY ?iIt WAR lOAN

CO Magazine

This i s a n o fficial U . S . Tre asury adv e rtisemen t - p re p ared u nde r auspices 01

Tre asury Department and Wa r A d v erti sin A Council

32

CQ

'.

f" '

USN USL Hamlest, where our Advisory Editor, W1 av, was toastmaster

RUSTY

RIGS

H ow they used to build them in the old days

OST ha ms-s-even t he pre- Pearl Ha rbor Young

Squ irt s-know tha t 01' sta nds for " Old
Timer." But probably only the old t imers
themselves remember t hat, wa y. wa y back , 0 1' was
also a n abbrev iation for "oscillation transformer ."
Th e 0 1' was a n a nten na coupler in a spark transm itter, wit h t he primary (correspond ing to the tank
coil in a modern rig) connected in series with a ripsnortin' spark-gap. It was a hefty gadget, even on
low powers, as will be appreciated from Fi g. J. Th e
0 1' comprises the spirals of fla t meta l strips in t be
upper left-hand corner. The two miniature ash -cans
just und er the pri mary are transmitting condensers
- Dubilicrs , un less o ur memory is as r usty as this
rig. The box in t he center housed t he rot a ry spa rkgap-e- mi nim izing t he st e nc h of ozone a nd zinc oxide,
while mufilin g the noise t o a gen t le roar. The hal fkilowatt tran sformer is on t he right , a nd t he relays

May,1 945

just above it controlled the cont ra pt ion from t he

operati ng desk (Fi g. 2) t wo fl oors above. ( It a lways

Fig. 1. The one-half kw transmitter at W2PF , vintage

1922. It was located in the cellar, the least inR. mmab le
section of the house

33

only- a HAM
could do this job . ..
That ham is interested in advertising as a
career. He 's y oung, but he 's packed a lot
of eom mon sense into those years through
ham radio. He 'll kick his heels at t he
cha nce to com bine a hobby a nd a career
with a nationally known manufacturer of
rad ios a nd radio equipment . We need him
at o nce . he 'U want to roll up his sleeves
a nd start now!
The job? I t leads to the handling of a ll
instruction manuals, trade ads, publicity ,
catalogs a nd the thousand a nd o ne things
t hat m ake a d ver t is ing (a nd r adio ) a n
interesting business. Salary? That depends
o n you.
We're conge nial people who enjoy life
in a small Midwestern city, and we 're
. d oin~ our best to make it the biggest little
city In America. Our products are known
to ~very ham, and our name is winning
national recognnton.
Interested? Drop us a line. T ell us about
yourself a nd your Ideas. I f you're the ham
we want, we 'll be glad to pay your expenses for an interview.

.a

REWARD
FOR TRAINING NOW

-Better J obs!
-Increased Sala ries!
Ar~ you finding you rself in a r outine job-a j ob that
an)" other m an ca n handle jl1llt as well at! vou t Today ,
radio JOBS a re mGn v-but radio CAREER.'" are Ira' ,
X O'll" ill th.. o p port u ne time for )ou to equip yourself
with the n(,,(,f'8SBry ' ..d nKol traininl1 t o Qua lify for an
i mpoP'wnl l;"nlti n"'l"inc poe.it ioD wi th a secure. peeee-ume
future,

SOW ..-he u indw.tr) nud a men , is the time for )OU

t o in"f'fltigatl' radio career t ra ining, Your rad io ~1
perjence beeked b y modern eREJ teehniea l tra ining
","ill equip you t o eber e in the good-pa.Joioll j obs t hat
a WRi t t rained men . , . a nd t o mak e good in the important po:..itioll8 that lead t o peace-tame .... ree rs wirh
eecu ri t y and happinftl8!
W R ITE TOnA Y ! If you a re a professional o r emeteur
radi oman and wan t t o m a ke m ore m oney - le t Ull'
peeve t o y ou "I' ha ve IlOml't h inll )"OU need t o q ualif}' for
tbe twU..r job op port u n iti", tha t ca n be YOUTll. To htolp
u Int..lIllltontly anaWl;"r your InQuity-plt"8s@ ,tat e
brlE'fty your educatfon , radio espeetence and
prl;"8l;"nt poettfon,

Dl;" pt. C-5, 312.. l lot h St. S.W. ,

R A DI O
IN STITUTE
Washl n~ton

10, D .C.

34

right.

Box
100

CQ

CAPIT OL
EN GIN EER I NG

seemed sa fe r with the pyrotechnics con fi ned to the

cella r.) The recei ver is a Grebe C R-3 , a v ariomct er
t uned regenerat ive, a nd the fi nest of its day. As we
recall, it covered from a bout 200 t o 900 meters. T he
detector a nd 2-sta ge a ud io am plifier a re o n th e

Fis . 2 .

The o peratins position at 2PF, The Grebe

CR] Wi t the erh toa at of receivers a quarter century
es o. A variable condenser, on the left, was apparently
added for ad d itional antenna tunins
T hese phot os show 2PF in 1922- ano we mea n
2PF. T hose were t he days befo re int ernational regula t ions tacked o n t he " \ V." Cards on the wall show
that 2PF, located in Brooklyn , N. Y., worked
sta t io ns in the 1st , 3rd and 8th d istricts , wh ich wa s
real OX for a half-kw spar k transmitter on 1500 kcexcuse us, 200 meters, Just what th e art illery wa s
for is a nybody's g uess- b ut is perhaps indica t ive of
a n early military leanin g on the part of the stat ion
o wner , David T alle y, \ V2 P F -WL N G , a nd form erl y
Radio Aid e with the Arm y Amateur R adio S yst em.
N o w L ieutenant-Colonel T a lley, Dave is t empora ri ly stat ioned a t Fort Monmouth , N. J., a fte r three
years o versC3:':"
_

MINIATURE UHF TRIODE

An important contrib ut ion by Ra yt heon t ube
design e ngi neers towards the efficient generat ion of
ult ra high freq uency power is a mi nia t ure triode designated a s type 6N4.
This cathode t ype t ube combines t he desirable
features of reduced in terelectrode capacitances and
lead ind uctances with high transcond uctance. Thus,
the inevitable internal losses a re mi nimized ma king
the 6:"4 particularly adaptable as a n amplifier,
doubler or oscillator at freq uencies extending to approximately 500 megacycles.
The foregoing characteristics can be used to advanta ge in man y t ypes of equipment which are still
unmentionable. H o we ver, s uch innocuous but important function s as performed by the local oscil lator in a u-h-f television or fm receiver are readil y
... isualized possibilities. Then there is the excit ing
probabi lit y that the C itizens Radio communication
band recently proposed b y the Federal Commu nicatio ns Commission will be approved . The co nn-mplated frequencies are 460-470 megacycles .

lConlinud on pagf 36)

CO

WINDOW

WITH

Th e pra ct ical a nswer to man y o f t he " d rea m"

homes that a rchi tects ha n.' pu t on drawin g hoa rd ..
for post- war build ing ma r han' been fou nd in a device which is now doin g vi tal dut y on cverv pla ne
t ha t ' s in the air today .
The Lea r actuator is a sim p le device wit h a tin v
motor for its power unit. This motor is conm-cn-d
to t he spot where it s power is 1lt'(><I('(1 by a direc t
telescopic a r m which expa nd s or contract s a s des ired ; or b y a n arm whic h moves arcwise wh ere
need ed . W here space is limited. th e power is tran smit t e-d b y mea ns of Lear flexible power eha fting to
a ny part of t he plane and there the power is t ra n- lat ed to its original force by mean s of screw ja ck s.
Lear engineers have adapt ed one o f these act ua tors to the task of openin g and closing th e win dow..
in one of their t est ing room s in the com pa ny's pla nt
at P iq ua . Ohio. The act uator, as shown in th e illu..
tration, is atta ched to the window sill. Ou tside r lnwindow is a moisture switch .
S light moist ure
s t riki ng th is swit ch sta rt s the act ua tor , which
promptl y sh ut s t he win dow. A push-button switc h
(Crml;nru d on pax~ 36)

BRAINS

W indow W ith Actuator

for mor. Thon 0 y.o. o x Crylfall

ho ..... bn auTomoll<olly d p .
Tche d by a ne w proc.u 80rll
TI.e method ond mochin., w. 'e
p erfecT.d by ox Engln

10

tho l 011 ox Xlo ll con ho

the

nTh d.gr of IIobiliTy ond .n _

epercnco

Th,nk e beu t OXfroduch for yo u r

DX
XTA LS

May, 1945

35

Marine

RADIO MANUAL
By M . H.

SUICH Aat'Z

It you' re a b.a.m. bere 's (be

O~E 1l(X)"

1U oct<! to bclp 100 rn~ for tbole

"'N'&1ioS marioc rad io ;obc;_
...J
II' ! Ie' . tbe ODe book in ch is
Iio:Jd that h.u ALL lbc infonnatiCNl
oeedcd f.. ship radio officer u .a..iniaSa1ld AU tbe htforJn,ldoft you 'll eeed
(Xl tbe jobl

,4'" 'N

Written by rad io ~rator M. H.

Stric:bun prllCt w:io! aboard lhi p, it' ,
authoriuti"c, complcrc, and DO\\'N
TO EARTHI All the ~tiab foe
I rai~ or optt"& IOfl bue bo cardully tc lrcd from tbe
doz.o:n. oi rd"nfflCC'lyOU'1'C had to Ploulllh t broalllb . U yoo want
co ~OInC' a &hip radio olfocC". you'll find MAIl I~E RADIO
M .\ ~U:\ L a com prt hcll5i...r tnt aod piIk. E ~koccd radio
~ ....ill ...e koree II AI. " brush -\lp" bOO kaod a _or kinS tool.

on a nearby ta ble furnishes independent control of

the device when desired .
Although the illustration shows t he insta lla t ion
on a casement-type wi ndow, it ca n be just as read ily
installed on the regular slid ing window, skylight or
transom . The power u nit can be concealed beneat h
the window sill, probably behind the radiator covering. One actuator, b y mean s of Lear's flexible power
sha h ing, can be used to operate a number of wind ows in the house, thus brin ging the cos t well within
the means of the average homeowner. S imilarly a
bank of windows in a factory can be operated by a
single Lear power un it with a sing le control.
[Continutd jrom pagt 34)
There, private radio telephone equipment primaril y
portable in nature would very likel y find con siderable demand. Since th e 6:\4 ha s mod erat e heater

" Ca n b e u .~d .a a bible b y botb lea rner.

a n d m a u "" . "- Elccl r o " fu
"One o f th e beae te:&t, t h at ha.", come, to
o u r . u e n tloo i n the p an lew ye.,..-C. ,I
Col e ma n. Radio New.

".00

Sl7 Pl llti

Ort/c'r }'O VU Copy S cm:!

CORNELL MARITIME PRESS

241 W. 23,d St. Dept. CO Now Yo,k 11

One Central Source

FOR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
PARTS AND EQUIPMENT

11'
1
1 1
11
1
1
1
I' 11 '1'1'1~ 11 1'11'~1111111'I'111131
Type. 6N4 Miniature UH.F Triode

CentraU: ed h err a re

t~ay.

power requirement s and perform s efficientl y in this

region of th e s pect ru m, it would make an ideal tube
for civilia n " wal kie-tal kie ."

l &rll'e ll
and
m oat
c ompl e t e
a tock. o f p ar ts a n d e qu ipmen t

u nder o n e rool. T h la mean s

I . ,teat s en'fce o n . u p p Ue. for
production . r .dlo trainln... ee. e. rc h a n d m a inten .nce.

A . soo n a U . ble (or dvlUa n

u ee, A ll ied Me-onu. a c C'n t ra l

sou r c e

(or

1I.lller.he n .

Na-

t ion a' . H amm . rlund . a n d ot h e r

w("l l_ k no w n co m m u nica tio n rc_
cdvc-u. Th e-. e reech-er. a re n o w
ava ilable o n p r oper pdo nr y .

\~~t~~

Dimensions
~ I aximum

BUYING
GUIDE

Ratings
Heat er Volta ge
H eat er Current
.\Iax imum Plat e Voltage
Ma ximum Plat e Dissipat ion

Ava ilable
on Requ'

W,;,.

' or i"

~ ~ u. if!..tU4 ..". &~,"Ge

i Allied Radio Corp. J

I

\ ..833W.Jackion Blvd Dept. 56-E5, Chicago 1 J

36

inches
inches
inches

Overall Length
~I aximum Seat ed Height
~ I aximum Diameter

6.3

volts
0 .2 amperes
180
volts
3
watts

Typical CIa.. A Characteristics

Plat e Voltage
Grid Voltage
Plate Current
Amplification Fact or
T ra nsconducta nee

180
- 3.5
12
32

volts
volts

6000

p.mhos

rna

CO

WITH THE WERS

(CQnljn,, ~d from

ragt !6]

Jacobus Andriese, W2LKU

which n-nden- d such out standi ng a ssista nce after
t lu- ex plos ion of liquid ga s ta nks in C levela nd, where,
168 1'('fS0 I15 lost th eir lives . Clevela nd is sold on th e
\\"ER S- war or no war!

II . n il /hIS Fogg, l\l'W J ('r :-;(' Y S late Radio Aide,

a nd Rad io Aide of i lmuilt ou T own sh ip, is allocating
t est period s for all stations in each coun ty with t ilt'
idea of perfecting a smoo th -r uu ni ng, co-operat ive
network . The X . J. Radio Aides nu-et regularl y .

The City of Brotherl y Lon' ('(;)OW5 through with a

good idea . George H a uten chitd, P h illy's Radio Aide,
s ugge- ts that P .A. syst ems be made a part of every
mobile \\" E RS unit, so that nlt Sl....a ges c a ll be broad cast to crowd s. H {' stn n-e that it proved almost irt valuable in a recent railroad wreck and in large fin-s .
In P hila d elphia , the W E RS mobile un it s a nswer a ll
three-alarm fi res, anti a ft' on the job to rende r
service to police and tin' dopartnu-nt s.

READER'S LOG

"
iPd(.t ri a l

That's the demand of

buyers today - so ~efre set to
give you iust whot'you want in
radio and ele9~nics - and to
deliver it
you want it .

W;fth

" Sa me-d a y ' shipments from our

diversifild
stocks plus our close .
I
conta~t with all sources of supply
sa velime for you on those R,.USH
ord'rs. For help in a hurry. call
CAPital 7530.

BUY MORE BONDS

amination f or a Cla ss B license, tach adminisltrtd by a

qual~ti,d indi.idual, Our main point U '(JS that If an
appliront and his exa mi ner emr be tru sted ill the
matter of th, f ormer' s qrw l r! y i"g Jwntstly f or Cla ss B
pri.. il'fes , there i s no 10firol reason u:hy they should
not he tr usted similarly wit h a Class A examination.
I n other u-ords, CQ doesn't quite see the logic in restricti ng a "Cla ss C ' licensee 10 Cla ss B pr it'ilegts if he

Moy, 1945

37

can pa ss the Class A test, Going o" e step [ urther, u:hy

not drop Ih~ Class C a /tof.d h~r (u'hieh 01 present is actualty Class B ), and iurmit those applicmtts u'ho am
Sh01.L' rea SO" for not appearing at an FCC offia to
qualify for Class B or Clo ss A in absentia? A dour
check on the operations of such licensees would be desirable-and that alrtady is provided f or under the
present Cla ss C regulations.

GRIFFIN SUPERHET
(Co1ltimud from /,ag~

1/1

d es ira ble tb ad j ust t ill' average frequency of th e

secon d con versi on oscillator un t il the admittance
ha nd is I(ss than zero until the curves of Fig. 4 are
pushed together and overlap a s previou.. ly de-cri bed . Then a udio-Ircq ue ncv deviation of the

We are p ro ud of the splend id showing our

amateur friends and old customers a re making
today . We will be read y to se rve you aga in as
soon as you are throu gh with your jo b and we are
throug h taking care of military req ui re me nts,
May we have a happy reunion soo n,

SEATTLE RADIO SUPPLY, INC.

2 117 Second Ave

Sea ttle 1, Wa sh.

Phone: Seneca 2345 ,

In th e Hoeky

~' I () u n t a i ll

.t
"!"i

Hegiou .

Radio &Television Supply Go.

11011 EUCLII> A\'Ei\ UE. l' UEIlLO. CO LO .

" 1/ ",," Jon ', ho ~ u,
or it ': ,In't it.. hoJ!

w~ 1t

, ..I i/ -

Phone S719"

ELECTRONIC SPECIALIST
Since 1911

FORT ORANGE RADIO DISTRIBU TING COMPAN Y

356 Bro ad w a y
Alba ny 7, New York
Phon es : 3-1 109

38

3 -2100

St.-cond

conversion oscillator will, in effect, widen

and narrow the admittance band at an audible rate,
introducing an a udio tone whenever the carrier j ...
prese nt .

Double-Tone Receplion
l" ndcr cert ai n condit ion s it is possible and desirable to obta in a double-frequenc y not e-for in sta nce a 512-c yc1l' pitch with t he frequenc y modula tor oscilla t ing at 25", cycles per second. It is neccssa rv to return th e fourth in finite rejection c irc ui t
for hi gh -side cut -off slightly above t ln- cut-off Irequency of the remai ning low-sid e c ut-off circuit for exa mple a t GO kilocycles . T he a dm ittance ha nd
width of the low-Frequenc y i-f channe l ma y he fro m
6-1 to tiH kc a s suggested in Fig. 7. The ha nd width
of tht first intermed iate-frequenc y amplifier is not
c r it ica l, becau se the second channel 00\\" provides
bot h high and low-side c ut-off ,
Readjusting the first oscillator so as to move rhe
second inn-rnn-diate In-quency from H4 to 6.') kiloc ycles will prod uce a c urious effect . The freq uenc y
deviation w ill now swi ng from ti3 .~) kc t o tilLj kc,
cau sing the signal freq uency to pa, ss in an d out of
th e admittance band (on both hi gher a nd lower
sides) twice per c ycle in-n-ad of once . Compari son
of Figs. 6 a nd 7 will show that a d o uble-freq uency
component ha s been in t rod uced under th e opera t ing
conditions of Fig. 7. If either conversion oscillator
is now sligh tly retuned ;;0 that the ca r rier CTO,.;~'s the
a d mi tt a nce hand limits 011 onl y 011t' side, t he Iunda mental tone of 256 cycles will he restored .
In the exa m ple just cited for obtaini ng the double
tone. the mean carrier frequency ha s been within
th e adm ittance band, as indicated in Fig. ;- . The
same effect will be produced b y ad j ust ing th e
a verage ca rrier frequen cy to a point o utside the a dm itt a nce band. and then dvv iatin g it int o a nd
through (beyond ) the band.
The double-tone fre quenc y p rovides a new tech niq uc of securi ng sclec ti vit y wh ich is adva ntageous
when the d esired signa l is under a barrage of a d jacent QR ~ 1. Under suc h circ umsta nces , it is possiblc t o deviat e the de-ired signa l for the double
tone , while inte rfer ing signals will pass in a nd out of
t he a d m itta nce band only once per cycle. The l'X perienced operat or will have no d ifficult y in copyi ng
the .i12-c yclt, sig nal while automat icall y rejec tin g
the "sp ur io us" fundamental.
I n t he foregoi ng, we have d isc u..sed d eviating th e
frequen cy of t hc local oscillator to sw ill l-: thr- res ulta nt frequen cy with in a nd without th e a d mi t ran ee ba nd . Ob viousl y. a s imi la r resu lt ca n lxeffec ted b y ma intai ni ng t he freq uenc y of the 10C'<l1
osc illator consta nt a nd deviating t ln- c ut-off Ireq uency of the th ird o r fo urth in finite rejector c irc uits-or both . Careful st udy of the wir ing dia gram,
Fig. 8 , will SURRt.'st this and oth er po-sibilities.
The min imum deviation wh ich will sat isfactorily
modu lat e t he s igna l should not he exceeded . E xcess

co

deviat ion ha s an effect of broadening the hand , with

a n increase in noise and t he probabil it y of interIerence. I n conclu sion , it sho uld be noted that adjust men t s of till' con version oscillator a nd devi ation
cont rol do not han' to be cha nged ann ' properl y
ma de, unles s it is desired t o va ry t he ha nd widt h .
Signals a rc tuned in a nd out with t he ma in tun ing
cont rol of th e receiver .

ROTARY ANTENNA

WEl D

,,
,, '
,,,
,

ROO A

BEND

I
'- --)oJ'
I

WRITE - PHONE - WIRE

46 Chandler St. Worcester, Mass.

Phone 4.9200

!
I

:
:
I

_ ./

/'

'

Fig. 1. The general id ee . The re is nothing hard a nd

f.ut abo ut d im ensions/: so ad equate stock will be
rea d ily available
is required for a b i-di rectiona l beam .
An oth er
method used a bi cycle sp rocket a nd c ha in a ssembl y
t o p rovid e 360-dt'grt'c rotation , F or ex per im en tal
work where no m echa nica l m ean s of turn ing is T(' q uired th e a n te n na sup por t is a hand y eadgt-t t o
have a rou nd .

NATIONWIDE
MAIL ORDER
DISTRIBUTORS
SINCE 1928

fi4DfO
LCfRO#Ie
A ND

DEVICES

,?O'l- ..

AC4YN
!ConJinued f rom page

9J

wh ich act s as a pha se in v er te r and an addit iona l

stage of vol tage amplifi cat ion . :\lodulat ors a re t wo
IIY6 1's- c1a ss A for best possible qual it y . Th e
m odulation tran sformer is a Ken yo n '1'-493 . Power
tra nsformer is Ke nyon Y-GSG, first (swinging) fi lte r
reactor a '1'501, the second reactor a T - li,)4 , a nd th e
fil ament t ra nsformer is a T 3.~6 .
Two pa rallel 5Z3 rectifiers a rc used in th e power
su pply , norm all y operated with cho ke inp ut , hut
which can he swit c hed to conden ser in pu t b y c utt ing

May, 1945

*PROMPT
* * EFFICIENT
* * SERVIC
* *E

Radio Electronic Sales Co.

A
.>: WELD

TO FIT - - - """'"
POLf OR
..
SUPPORT

IN r UBE 8

*R
FO

- FITS SNUGLY

I,

'~
SPRAGUE CO NDENSERS
SYLVA NI A TUBES
CENTRA LA B CO NTROLS
STA NCO R TRA NSFO RMERS
UTAH SPEAKERS
INTERCO MMUNICA TIO N SYSTEMS
SHURE MIC ROPHO NES
CETRON ELECTRON IC TUBES
BURGESS BATTERIES
TRIPLETT METERS
WESTI NGHO USE ELECTRONIC
DEVICES

I'

,,
s - ,,
,

EQUIPMENT - DEVICES

- - - --Distributors - - - - -

[Conlinued f rom page 2:1 )

, ,,
,
,

RADIO AND
ELECTRONIC

TRADE INDUSTRY
COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC UTILITY
VOCATIONAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL
APPLICATIONS

BURSTEIN-ApPLEBEE

Co.

101214 McGEE ST.

KANSAS CITY 6 , MISSOURI

39

in a n ex t ra I p f lOOO-\"ol t in put capacitor wh en it

is desired to S< I Ut'( 'Z t' out th e la st o unce of power (a t
the expense of temporary tube overl oad ). T Ilt'
phon e-ow swi tc h cut s ou t th e mod ula t ion transformer seconda ry in cw operation , a s well as power
t o the modulator . The r u-t eff ect is to raise t he plate
vol tage t o maxi m u m ra t ed input for cw o peration .
Th e freq uency nu-n -r a nti rec eiver i-f alignment
oscillat or a t the lower left of Fi g. ; a rc simple,
st raig h t- forwa rd unit:' h uilt int o the assembl y to
facilit at e servicing in a locat ion far from spare part s,
rest equi pmen t, or help of a ny kind at a ll. The COIll plct e sh ipmen t inclu ded ph-n t y of spa re H yt ron
tubes a nd a S im pson "H a rnnu-tcr" for rec eiver a nd
I

ran smit t er serv icing .

sa t in et ched hy ca ustic sod a and acid before applica t ion of a ch-ar phenolic prot ective lacq uer. Lockwashers are used under a ll nuts, wiring is glass- insula ted and ca bled, or hea vv b us-ba r where d t,.. ira hh-. All [IM'd ca p..aci to rs are Solar moulded mica o r
hcrtuctical lv sea led o il unit s in soldered nu-t al (...111 . ..
no chances lx-ing taken with probable failure-s of t hc
usua l wax- im pregnated t ub ula r paper unit s .

Advertising Ind ex
ALLIED RADI O COR PORAT IO N . .
Itam Paft. and Equipm,..nt

BILLEY ELECTR IC COM P AN y ....

,.
.1'

Quartz C f y. l als

BURSTEIN-APPLEBEE CO.

Ounces of Preventio n
Such, then , i ~ the "rig" which we ma y hea r post war on the a ir a s AC -IY :\' . A.. is to be e X IX"C! ("(J of
equipment e ngi neered for operation remot e from
part s depot s, d esign is sound and conservat ive.
esche wing fan c y tricks a nd gadgets in the int erest of
steady, dependable operation . Th is is reflec ted III
the const r uc tion illustrated 111 Figs. 8 through G.
Pa m'. and c has.sis are of 1/ 16" a lum inum a lloy,

Uam Part. a nd Equipm,..nl

.H

C AP ITOL RAD IO ENGINEf.RING INSTI T UTE

Educational

COR N ELL MAR ITIME PRESS

.l .

Publicalion.

C R YST AL PRODUCTS CO. .

C r y. ta l.

OX C A,YST AL CO. . . . .

. .. 3S

C ry . t a l.

EITEL-McCULLOUC H , IN C. . ..

27

EJ.t ronic Tut>-

E.LECTRONI C LABORATO R IES

. Coye r 3

Com m u nica t io n. Equipm,..n t

E.LECTRON IC SPEC IALT IES !\-tFG. CO

S~iat

Asumbli...

GENERAL ELECTRON ICS. IN C. ,

EJ~tro ni c

Tubes

FT. O R ANG E RADIO DI ST . CO.

. l6

H . m Pare. and Equipm.,nt

CLASSIFIE DADS
AdYert i.inc in t h is ae ct io n m ud pe rtai n to a mateur
o r expe ri menta tion r a d io actiyitiea. Rate-20c. per
w ord per i n se rtio n, R em i t t a n c e i n full mud e c c:ompa ny c:oPy. No aa:e ncy or te rm o r c:ash di lK: o u n h
a llo we d .
N o d isplay o r s p e d a l typoa:rap hic:a l ad
aet u p. a l1o wed , "CU' d o e a n o t i uara n tee a ny p r odu c t or se r yic:e a dye rtl.., d i n th e C ia ified Section .

H ALLI CRA rfE RS CO. . . .

Tf.n.miu,..rs and R ec e iv ers

II AT R Y &. YOU NG ,
.
M ..t ,.... a nd Equip m.,nt
MeE..LROY MANUFACTUR ING COR P .. . .

T d"\i: r.phic Appa rat u.

McGR AW-fIILL BOOK CO

ROOk.

MEASUR EMENTS COR POR AT ION . . . .

I n. l r u m ., n t . a nd 'Teat Equi pm.. n r
MEISS NER MAN UFACTUR ING CO
Elect ronic Equ pm.,nt
NAT IONAL COM PAN y
R l'C,..iv""a a n d H a m Equipm,..nl

Cover 4

WH EN Amateurs are on the a ir again there w ill be a co mplete line of J ames Knig hts Precisio n Crysca's tor even'
Ama teur scri viry . T he James Knig ht s Company, Sand,...icb , Ill ino is.

N ATIONAL UN ION RAD iO COR P . . . . . . . . . .

Red ie- Elee rronic Tube.
RADI O AN D TELEVI Si O N SU P PLY CO.

ENGINEERS:
Mechanical and electrical eng ineers,
graduate or eq uiva lent trai ning. Required for research
and development of measuring and co ntro l instruments.
Statement of av aila bility required . Box m - cQ.

RA D IO M FG . ENG INEER S, IN C.

INSTRUM ENTS and test ~quipment repaired by e;,-pe.rts .

Gi ve us ma ke, model , serial number, age and an Indicatio n of what ails instrument before shipping it to us .
Burl ingame Associa tes, Dept . CQ4'), 11 Pa rk Place , Ne w
York 7, x . Y.

Address ChangesSubscribcrs to co should notify cur

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H .m P a rt nd Equipme n t

RA DIO ELECTRON IC SALES CO

H a m P ar e. a nd

39

Eq u~m,.. nt

Cover 2

Co m m u n ica t io n. Eq uipmen t

RA DIO SHAC K . .

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. .

H . m Part. and Equipm,..nt

RADI O TELEV IS ION SUPPLY CO

Ham Parts and Quipm,..n t

R ADI O W IRE TELEV IS ION , I N C.

lJ. m Part. and Equipm.,nt

R AYTHEON MANUFACTUR ING COR P . .

EJt ron ic Tu bea

SC'EL I

&

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CO. R. C . . . .

H am P ari . and Equipm,..nt

SEATTL E RAD IO SUP P LY . IN C. . ....

H am Pare. a nd Equ ipm,..nt

SOLA R CA P AC ITOR SA L ES COR P .

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Ca,paci to r.

ST AN D AR D TRANSFORMER COR P . .
Tr.n. fo rm,..r.

SUN RADI O & ELECTRO N ICS CO. . . .

H am P art . a nd F.qui pm,..nt

Circulation Dep't. al least 3 weeks

in advance ,egarding any chan ge in
addrcss. The Post Office Dep't. does
not Icrwerd magazines sent to a
w,on9 "dd,ess unlcss you pay eddttion,,1 post,,-,e , We cannot duplicate
copies of CO sent to you, old address.
CO Circulation Dep't.

S YL\tA N IA ELE CTRI C PRODUCTS, IN C. ,

RADIO MAGAZINES, INC.

342 Madison Ave . NewYork 17,NY.
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"The a moun t of .pace CQ a llo t. t o a d v,.. f t is.,f. i. r...lricled du e

t o the pa pe r . hof taa-e . A n a. t,.. fi.k ( .) a p pear;na- a ft ,.. r a n ad v efli. ,..r, n.m,.. indi ca t tl'S t hat no a d ver t ;lem., n t ap peaf. i n th e
cu r re n t i u e .

E1.,c:tronic Tu t>-

UN IVERSAL M ICROPHON E CO. .

Mic rop~o n ...

W ARD L EO NARD ELECTRI C CO.

R ,...;.lor. , Rda :ra. Rheu.tat .

\\'HOLESALE RAD IO LABORATORI ES . . .

U am P afls a nd Equipm,..nt

WILEY &. SONS. IN C .. J OHN

BOOk,

CQ

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YOUR RIG

MiNt IN
N
It
I
Al.
iQUIPpO."iR
SUppUiS
I
fOR
tOR
.....
.L VIBRA
One o f the many wa rt im e ra d io devel opm ents o f especial interest to the ama teur is
Vibrator P ower Supplies as perfec ted by
Electr onic Lab oratories. Thes e versatile
units will h ave many a pplica tions that will

mean superio r performance for the ama teur

who is interested in th e best.
First, there are models for m obile and port-

ta g es both in the light - a nd h ea vy-duty

power supply field . These include : constan t
outpu t volta g e despite wide flu ctuations in
input voltage ; m ultiple in p ut a nd o ut p u t in
o ne unit; power ou t p u ts up to 1000 watts, a nd
a n y wa ve form includin g pure sine wave.
Wh en plannin g your new rig, con sider th e
a d van ta g es that -L P ower Supp lies o ffer .

able applications to allow efficien t operation

of powerful two-way rigs fro m your ca r o r
any non-fixed s ource of power. These u n it s ,
w h ic h have stood the t es t o f the m ost r u g g ed
combat use in military service, will be available after the war to provide trouble-free
m obile op e r a t io n both for e m er gen c y service
and r egular u se.
Second, there are 'L power units that can
be incorporated as an int egral part o f you r
equipment for the o perat ion o f s hor t wave
radio from eith er batteries o r 110 volt AC
outlets. These units a re id eal for pro vid in g
th e plate and grid supply for ra dio receivers
and transmitters, for stat ionary and m ob ile
or port able a p plica t ions.
-L has developed many exclusive adva n-

"oL

Standard Power Supply

Model 604

Th is ty pica l Conve rter model is id e a l a s an initial com pon en t l or y o ur e q uipm e n t. W ith a 6v olt
DC inpu t, it provides o utp uts 01 225 volts DC at
50 rna ; 250 volts DC a t 65 rna; 275 v olts DC at
85 rn a , and 300 v olts DC at 100 mo. Th e m axi
mum outp ut power is 30 w atts w ith l uJI RF 1iJ
ter in g pr ovided. Th is m odel is provid ed with
s pad e l ug s l or d irect mounting to th e chassis .
Dimensions : 5 I~ x 31,~ X6 in.
We ight: 5 1.:' Ib s .

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i
LABORATOR IES

INC .

INDIANAPOLIS

YIIU Ta I ' DIU SlI,H1 ES fDI lICHIIIl5 . CD U II NIC AII ONS . HECTl IC lU l U DP EUIIO I ElECT RIC. m C1IU lC AlII I n u

n l".EIII

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VACUUM TUBE
VOLTMETER
MODEL 62

In addition to its us e a s a high impedance AC and DC

voltm ete r, th e Mod el 62 V T V M is us ed for mak ing
sta ge ga in m ea surements, re sonance curves , stand ing

w ave d eterm inat ion s, ampl itud e-frequency character-

istics, etc ., from 30 cycles to beyond 150 megac ycles .

The extre me ly hi gh inp ut im ped a nce of the DC voltag e
ra ng e s fa cilitate s le a ka ge re sista nce m ea su rem e nts up

to 50 ,0 00 m egohm s w ith 90 volt battery .

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MEASUREMENTS CORPORATION

>.

Boonton;
New Jersey
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