Rectangular Hollow Sections Joints

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Rectangular Hollow
Hollow Section
Section Joints
Joints
Rectangular
Prof.dr.ir.Jaap
JaapWardenier
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Prof.dr.ir.
EmeritusProfessor
ProfessorDelft
DelftUniversity
Universityof
ofTechnology
Technology
Emeritus
RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009
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Introduction
Introduction
Properties
Properties
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Standards,Designation,
Designation,Dimensions
Dimensionsand
andTolerances
Tolerances
Standards,
Coldformed
formedvs
vshot
hotformed
formedHollow
HollowSections
Sections
Cold
AvailableInformation
Information
Available
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Introduction
Properties
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Hollow Sections
Aesthetically attractive
Excellent strength properties
Use of internal void
Corrosion protection (environment)
Lower resistance for water and wind loading
Lighter designs effect on dimensions and weight
transport, erection and loading
Various other special properties (easy connections in
various directions)
Higher unit material costs
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
Aesthetics
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Attractive shape
Connections
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
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Strength Properties
Compression
Torsion
bending
Columns
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Trusses
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Agricultural
Stifness;
Simple to clean
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
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Strength (concrete filling) smaller dimensions
Fire protection (filling with concrete or water)
Heating (water, air)
Ventilation
Transport of fluids
Concrete filled RHS columns
Filled before erection
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Filling on site
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
Protection & Maintenance
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lower painting area

no sharp corners
connections
Along the road
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
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Lower resistance (wind or water)
Also lower resistance

for RHS
due to rounded corners
Masts and Towers
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
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For greenhouses
the light is
extremely
important, thus
small structural
dimensions
Transport
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
Various other special properties
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For example:
Similar connections in
various directions
RHS Lower flange of plate girder:
dirt / birds / vandalism
Cleaning dirt
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Hollow Sections
various directions)
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In many cases compensated

by
the lower material use and other advantages
For120columns on average about 40% material saving; in costs about 30%
Section mass - kg/m
100
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Lk=5m
80
60
40
20
0
203x203x60
200x200x6.3
244.5x6.3
H-section RHS CHS

a) capacities 950 kN
254x254x107
250x250x10
355.6x8.0
H-section RHS CHS

b) capacities 2100 kN
Section Mass for equal Compression Capacity

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Example:
Lattice girders
Several Cost Comparisons for RHS show:

about 10-40% cheaper than in open sections
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In conclusion: Hollow Sections

Aesthetically attractive;
Reduced Mass due to the excellent strength properties;
Lower corrosion protection costs;
Easy to handle; reduced (RHS) end cutting and welding;
combined with
Various other special properties
Give cost savings and result in appealing

economical structures
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Introduction
Properties- Additional
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Buckling curves
a: hot formed
c: cold formed
a0 : hot formed
high strength steel
Effect joint and member stiffness on the buckling

of unsupported chords of lattice girders
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Reduced
buckling length:
- for braces (0.75)
and for
- compression
bottom chord
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Bending Members
M b,Rd = W.fy,d
W depends on section class e.g. Wpl, Wel, Weff
Only advantage for bi-axial bending or if

lateral buckling is dominant for open sections
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Rotation Capacity
section classes
Limits for
d/t and b/t
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Effect of section class

(or rotation capacity) on design
Rotation capacity
also extremely important
for joints,
e.g.
in lattice girders
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Shear (elastic shear distribution)

=
V.S
2t.I
V = shear
S = static mom.
2t = cutting thickn.
I = moment of
inertia
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strength
fire protection
heating/ air-conditioning
transport fluids
buoyancy
miscellaneous
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Concrete filled Columns

Compared to Steel Columns
- higher strength or smaller dimensions
- increased fire life
Compared to Concrete Columns

- considerably smaller dimensions
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Effect of concrete filling on

load capacity and fire life of Columns
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Load introduction by through plate
Transfer the shear also to the concrete

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Introduction
Manufacturing
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Welded Circular Hollow Sections
Inductive welding
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Manufacturing - Tube Forming
The Flower Diagram
Shows how various passes form the flat strip into a round tube
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High Frequency Induction Tube Welding
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Non-Destructive Testing
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Seamless Hollow Sections

(very thick-walled CHS or RHS)
Mannesmann (1886)
- Schrgwalzwerk
- Pilgerschrittverfahren
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Stretch-reducing Mill Process
Tubular
Structure
Course
RHS
Joints
- Oslo Course
20092006
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Development of Rectangular
Hollow Sections - RHS (1952)
gradually made from
CHS
(hot or cold)
now also made directly
from coil (cold formed)
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Introduction
Standards, Designation, Dimensions,
Tolerances
Standards Relevant to Structural Hollow Sections
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1. Mechanical and Geometric Properties

(EN 10210 and EN 10219)
2. Design
(EN 1993)
3. Welding
(EN 1011 and EN 29692)
4. Fabrication
(EN 1090)
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EN 10027 Designation of Names

Col no.
Designation
(SHS)
275
J2
1. steel usage, e.g. S = structural

2. yield strength, N/mm2
3. special requirements, e.g. impact
4. section type, e.g. H = hollow
EN 10 027 Designation of Names

Special requirements, e.g. Charpy impact
Designation
JR
Temperature Room
Energy
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J0
J2
0C
-20 C
27 J
NL
-50oC
N
o
-20 C
40 J

(Hot-Finished)
EN 10210-1: Hot finished structural hollow sections
of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels - Part 1:
Technical delivery conditions
EN 10210-2: Hot finished structural hollow sections
of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels - Part 2:
Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
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(Cold-Finished)
EN 10219-1: Cold formed welded structural hollow
sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Part 1:
Technical delivery conditions
EN 10219-2: Cold formed welded structural hollow
sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Part 2:
Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
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(Cold-Formed to EN 10 219-1)
1. Mechanical and Geometric Properties - Tolerances

(Cold-Formed to EN 10 219-2)
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(Hot-Formed to NEN 10210)
1. Mechanical and Geometric Properties - Tolerances

(Hot-Formed to NEN 10210)
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2. Design
2.1 Steel Buildings
EN 1993-1-1: Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures:
- General rules and rules for buildings
2.2 Steel-Concrete Composite Buildings
EN 1994-1-1: Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel

and concrete structures:
General rules and rules for buildings
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4. Fabrication, Erection
EN 1090-1: Execution of steel structures:

General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1090-4: Execution of steel structures:
Supplementary rules for hollow section structures
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Tolerances
Be careful in some standards (USA)

not a
Mass Tolerance! lower limit thickness!
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Introduction
Cold formed vs hot formed Hollow Sections
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Use of Cold Finished

vs Hot Finished RHS
- cross sectional area
- buckling curve
- corner radius
- surface
- cost per kg
cold vs. hot

8-10% lower
0-20% lower
larger fabrication
smoother
lower
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Effect cold forming on mech. properties
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Buckling curves
a: hot formed
c: cold formed
a0: hot formed
high strength steel
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Cold Finished Hollow Sections

C is a
modern clean
Al killed steel
Minimum corner radius for cold formed RHS
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In Europe the cold finished sections are delivered according to EN 10219-Part 2 (1998)
and up to 12 mm the average corner radii agree with those in the table.
However, a certain tolerance is allowed, which means that according to EN 10219

sections can be delivered with actual inner corner radii smaller than those in Table.
In a recent research ECSC-CIDECT programme in Karlsruhe, also sections were tested

with radii which satisfy the tolerances of EN 10219 but with actual corner radii smaller
than those in the Table.
These sections are only allowed to be welded in the corners if these satisfy EN 10219
with the following additional material requirements:
- The maximum nominal wall- thickness is not exceeding 12.5 mm
-Aluminium killed steels with the quality grades J2H, K2H, MH, MLH, NH or NLH
and the following maximum values are kept:
C 0.18%, P 0.020% and S 0.012%
In other cases welding is only permitted at a distance of 5t from the corner or additional
tests have to be performed to show that welding in the corners is permitted for that
particular application.
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Cold Finished Hollow Sections

-welding in corners and/or galvanising-
- use Al. killed (fine grain steels)

- clean steels (low S, P, N, O, H and C content)
- modern steels have a low Carbon content
- limits for internal corner radius (EC 3)
Note: Si killed steels may result in cracking after
galvanizing
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Introduction
Available Information
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CIDECT
Design Guides 1- 9
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CIDECT
Students Book
for Universities
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Books
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ISTS Symposium Proceedings
Wall of Nations, Athens
Thank you
you for
for your
your attention
attention
Thank
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RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Use of internal void

Concrete filled RHS columns

Filled before erection

Protection & Maintenance

lower painting area

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Along the road

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Lower resistance (wind or water)

Also lower resistance

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Masts and Towers

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Various other special properties

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Higher unit material costs

In many cases compensated

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

For120columns on average about 40% material saving; in costs about 30%

Section mass - kg/m

H-section RHS CHS

H-section RHS CHS

Section Mass for equal Compression Capacity

Several Cost Comparisons for RHS show:

In conclusion: Hollow Sections

Give cost savings and result in appealing

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Effect joint and member stiffness on the buckling

Only advantage for bi-axial bending or if

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Effect of section class

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Shear (elastic shear distribution)

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Use of internal void

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Concrete filled Columns

Compared to Concrete Columns

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Effect of concrete filling on

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Load introduction by through plate

Transfer the shear also to the concrete

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Welded Circular Hollow Sections

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

Manufacturing - Tube Forming

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

The Flower Diagram

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009

High Frequency Induction Tube Welding

RHS Joints - Oslo Course 2009