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INTRODUCTION
Table 9.1 Aromatic maturity data for the Officer Basin (after McKirdy and Michaelsen ,1994; Kamali, 1995a).
Formation
Well
Sample
depth
type
MPI
MPR
(m)
Devonian
Mimili
Formation
VRcalc
VRcalc
VRcalc
%
(a)
(a1)
(b)
Munyarai 1
633.00
extract
1.43
2.78
1.26
1.22
0.98
Byilkaoora 1
262.95
285.00
293.17
extract
extract
oil
0.98
1.16
0.38
1.15
0.87
0.25
0.99
1.09
0.63
0.91
1.03
0.49
1.00
0.88
0.34
Observatory Hill 1
34.14
extract
0.90
0.88
0.94
0.85
0.89
Wilkinson 1
333.07
390.08
461.87
extract*
extract
extract*
0.58
0.83
0.52
0.64
0.45
0.55
0.75
0.90
0.71
0.63
0.80
0.58
0.75
0.60
0.68
Karari 1
263.35
extract
0.38
0.46
0.63
0.49
0.60
Karari 2A
285.50
298.0
298.13
extract
extract
extract*
0.46
0.30
0.34
0.60
0.47
0.38
0.68
0.58
0.60
0.46
0.72
0.62
0.52
extract
1.00
1.24
1.00
0.92
1.03
Marla 6
416.0
671.25
extract
extract
1.43
2.13
1.76
4.98
1.26
1.68
1.22
1.71
1.18
1.63
Marla 7
392.85
extract
1.30
1.92
1.18
1.13
1.22
Manya 6
698.60
1279.15
extract
extract*
1.11
0.85
2.34
1.33
1.07
0.91
1.00
0.82
1.31
1.06
Observatory Hill 1
155.35
oil
1.32
1.46
1.19
1.15
1.10
Neoproterozoic
Tanana
Munyarai 1
Formation
2289.81
extract
1.63
1.38
1.36
Marla 9
209.75
234.83
269.93
extract
extract
extract
0.66
0.68
0.71
0.90
0.73
0.94
0.80
0.81
0.83
0.70
0.89
0.81
0.92
Munyarai 1
2611.83
extract
1.67
1.40
1.39
Murnaroo 1
183.90
190.95
extract
extract
0.64
0.70
0.85
1.0
0.78
0.82
0.87
0.94
Karlaya 1
2093.73
2345.15
extract
extract
0.66
0.37
0.75
0.90
0.79
0.62
0.82
0.89
extract
extract
0.28
0.29
0.63
0.82
0.57
0.57
0.74
0.86
oil
1.03
1.02
0.94
oil
1.40
1.24
1.20
Giles 1
1237
extract
0.43
1.27
0.66
0.52
1.04
Cambrian
Observatory
Hill Formation
Ouldburra
Formation
(Tallaringa
Trough)
Relief
Sandstone
Karlaya
Limestone
Dey Dey
Mudstone
Murnaroo
Formation
Alinya
Formation
* stained by oil
(a) VRcalc = 0.60 MPI+0.40 (0.65 VR 1.35%)
VRcalc = -0.60 MPI+2.30 (VR >1.35%)
(a1) VRcalc = 0.7 MPI + 0.22 (0.5 VR 1.7%)
(b) VRcalc = 0.99 log10 MPR + 0.94 (0.4 VR 1.7%)
110
Oil bleeds from the Observatory Hill Formation in Byilkaoora 1; core width is 41 mm: (a) alkaline playa sequence, 219.75 m (Photo 44388)
(b) 277.0 m (Photo 44390) (c) 293.0 m (Photo 44391) (d) 295.5 m (Photo 44392) (e) 278.9 m (Photo T15624) (f) 219.45 m (Photo 44389).
111
Relief Sandstone
Ouldburra Formation
No shows have been recorded from the Ouldburra
Formation during drilling operations. Kamali (1995b)
reported live oil from Marla 6 and Manya 6 in the Manya
Trough, and Karari 1 and 2A in the Tallaringa Trough. These
are microscale shows from organic petrographic studies.
Dead oil and bitumen have been recorded in Marla 3 (Hibburt
et al., 1995) and illustrated by Kamali et al. (1995) who noted
that such material indicates oil migration paths.
Oil staining in Relief Sandstone at 161.5 m in Observatory Hill 1: Left: UV fluorescence (Photo 44386) Right: transmitted white light (Photo
44387). Field of view for both images is 0.5 mm.
112
Mudstone
Fig. 9.1 Eastern Officer Basin Cambrian aromatic maturity. Contours represent vitrinite reflectance calculated from methylphenanthrene
index.
113
Murnaroo Formation
The Proterozoic Murnaroo Formation is a potential
reservoir, not a source rock. As with the Cambrian Relief
Sandstone, thin sections from Lake Maurice West 1 (depth
534576 m) were oil stained and small quantities of oil were
subsequently extracted from drillcore. VRcalc of the EOM is
0.941.20% and it has a similar maturity and composition to
residual hydrocarbon from the Relief Sandstone in
Observatory Hill 1 (McKirdy and Watson, 1989). Thus, two
wells 60 km apart on the Murnaroo Platform contain oil from
a common source in sandstone reservoirs of Proterozoic and
Early Cambrian age.
THERMAL MATURITY
There are few usable bottom-hole temperature records
from eastern Officer Basin wells. Drillstem test temperatures
from Lairu 1 (40.6C at 1090 m) and Munta 1 (73.3C at
1981 m) indicate a low to average present-day geothermal
gradient ranging from 14 to 24C/km. However, this basin
has had a complex history of subsidence and uplift, and
present-day geothermal gradients may not apply to
conditions prior to the Neogene.
Alinya Formation
It was McKirdy (1993) who recognised that biomarker
distributions (hopanesterane and diasteranesterane ratios;
McKirdy and Watson, 1989) point unequivocally to the
Alinya Formation as the source of the MurnarooRelief oil
shows. This constitutes a second family of Neoproterozoic
oil, as confirmed from extracts of the Alinya Formation in
Giles 1. VRcalc from core in this well (depth 12371266 m)
yields a value of 1.04% (McKirdy and Michaelsen, 1994;
Table 9.1). The calculated maturity is comparable to
maturities calculated for extracts from the Relief Sandstone
(1.15%) and Murnaroo Formation (0.941.20%), suggesting
that the Alinya Formation was the source of this oil, which
must have migrated after deposition of the Relief Sandstone.
Moussavi-Harami and Gravestock (1995) suggested that oil
migration took place after burial beneath thick Ordovician
sediments.
Fig. 9.2 Eastern Officer Basin Neoproterozoic aromatic maturity. Contours represent vitrinite reflectance calculated from methylphenanthrene index.
115
Apatite yield was excellent from all but the oldest and
youngest samples. The yield from the oldest (Pindyin
Sandstone in Giles 1) was very poor and the Pindyin was
therefore not analysed. Yield was also poor from the Late
Jurassic Algebuckina Sandstone in Manya 2, but good
information was obtained nevertheless. Analytical and
palaeotemperature data (Table 9.2) were interpreted by
Tingate (1994) based on a geothermal gradient of 25C/km,
which was assumed in the absence of measured temperature
data.
Table 9.2 Sample analytical and palaeotemperature data (after Geotrack, 1994; Tingate, 1994).
Well
depth
Strat.
age
Fission
track age
Mean track
length
Standard
deviation
Present1
temp.
(m)
(Ma)
(Ma)
(m)
(m)
(C)
Manya 2
245.5247.7
150130
201.217.6
11.590.34
1.47
31
90
60
Boorthanna
Formation
492.9494.3
290280
27916.2
11.760.15
1.54
37
90
60
Cadney Park
Formation
510516
525518
237.216.8
11.350.25
2.57
38
110
90
70
Manya 6
448.2448.8
525518
236.211.8
11.430.19
1.70
36
110
90
60
1699.61701.2
540520
231.015.9
11.210.64
2.92
68
>110
90
70
Formation
Algebuckina
Sandstone
Cadney Park
Formation
Relief
Sandstone
Maximum
palaeotemperature2
360-300 Ma
50-0 Ma
110-70 Ma
218.826.9
Manya 5
455.1455.5
540-520
216.614.5
11.920.15
1.57
36
110
90
60
Murnaroo
Formation
459459.6
615-600
192.113.1
12.220.28
2.00
37
>110
90
60
Tarlina
Sandstone
1054.51055.8
650-640
238.418.7
11.230.21
2.12
51
>110
90
70
323.619.9
12.120.22
2.32
30
100
90
60
Relief
Sandstone
195.620.8
Relief
Sandstone
488.2488.8
615600
240.214.2
11.980.16
1.68
37
110
90
60
Giles 1
416.6416.9
540520
299.317.4
11.950.18
1.79
35
100
90
60
Tanana
Formation
422.3422.6
585575
251.615.5
12.100.18
1.74
36
110
90
60
Tarlina
Sandstone
1063.41063.8
640615
148.212.6
11.160.19
1.87
51
>110
100
90
Murnaroo
Formation
Relief
Sandstone
233.522.3
139.622.8
1
GEOHISTORY MODELLING
Geohistory and maturity modelling of the eastern Officer
Basin has been undertaken using version 2.05 of Winbury,
117
Manya 6
Continental uplift
1300
Alice Springs Orogeny
2750
Rodingan Event
450
Delamerian Orogeny
1250
Petermann Ranges
Orogeny
770
Sturtian uplift
not reached
Giles 1
Byilkaoora 1
200
100
255
625
1000
500
1735
450
2400
500
1675
1000
Source rock packages modelled for the three wells are the
Cambrian Observatory Hill and Ouldburra Formations, and
the Neoproterozoic Karlaya Limestone and Dey Dey
Mudstone. The Alinya Formation was not considered due to
a lack of data. All Rock-Eval parameters for the Early
Cambrian Ouldburra Formation, the most prospective source
unit, are extrapolated from Karari 1 and 2A wells in the
Tallaringa Trough, which still display active oil expulsion.
Manya Trough
The thermal and burial history of the Manya Trough is
represented by Manya 6. Modelling of this well is fairly well
constrained by fission track data and a detailed temperature
118
Formation
Formation
VRcalc
(%)
Post-Devonian
<0.65
Cadney Park Member,
upper and middle
1.0
Ouldburra Formation
Lower Ouldburra Formation, 1.6
Relief Sandstone,
Murnaroo Formation*,
Tarlina Sandstone*
Maturity
window
Immature (oil)
Depth
(m subsea)
Surface
Wet gas
~175
Dry gas
~944
VRcalc
(%)
* Not penetrated.
Ammaroodinna Ridge
The thermal and burial history of the Ammaroodinna
Ridge is represented by Giles 1. Modelling of this well is
poorly constrained and draws heavily on heatflow
constructed for Manya 6. Present-day maturity zones are
summarised on Figure 9.4 and Table 9.5.
Maturity
window
Immature
(oil)
Mature
(oil)
Depth
(m subsea)
Surface
~123
119
VRcalc
(%)
Maturity
window
Depth
(m subsea)
Mature
(oil)
Surface
Wet gas
Dry gas
~100
~700
* Not penetrated.
120