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Home>IndianDynasties>Khiljidynasty
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OtherIndianDynasties SelectIndianDynasties
HEADLINES:PMtodiscussKashmirwithallparties

+Text

KHILJIDYNASTY
History:
ThedeclineoftheSlavedynasty,madeDelhiSultanateevenmorefragileandinstableduetothenumerousrevoltsandinternalaggression.
AndthisstartedtheKhiljidynastywiththecrowningofJalaluddinKhiljibythenoblesintheyear1290A.D.JalaluddinKhiljiwasthefirst
IndianruleroftheKhiljidynasty,whoruledfrom12901294andinvadedIndiabybuildinghiscapitalinDelhi,thoughheneverreally
ruledfromthere.HiscapitalwasconstructedatKilokhriwhereheruledforaround6years.
DuringthisperiodMongolsattackedthecountry,JalaluddinKhilji'sbravefrontandsmartnegotiationsmarkedthe
Mongolsdefeat.Theycamebackhowever,fiveyearslaterandattackedonceagainwhenhisnephewascendedonthe
throne.Butwithinshortperiod,hewaskilledbyhisnephewAlauddinKhiljiunderaconspiracyhatchedbythelatter.
TheKhiljidynastyisalsoknownbythenameofKhaljidynasty.ThehistoryofKhiljidynastyiswellknownforits
brutalwarsandinternalconflictsamongtherulers.
AlauddinKhiljiwasthesecondruleroftheKhiljidynasty,whoserealnamewasJunaKhanandheruledIndiafrom
12961316.HekilledJalaluddinKhiljiandthenannouncedhimselfastherulerofDelhi.AlauddinKhiljiconquered
theterritoryofGujarat.Around1301A.D,hecapturedRanthambhorandmurderedtheRajputHamirDeva.Then
defeatedRanaRattanSinghandcapturedChittoor.By1305,hecapturedterritorieslikeMalwa,Ujjain,Mandu,Dhar
andChandeributcouldn'tcaptureBengal.HehadconqueredalmostentirenorthIndiabytheyear1311and
establishedhiskingdomsuccessfully.ExpandinghisterritoryintothepeninsularIndiawithinashortspanoftimehe
diedonJanuary1316duetoanacutehealthcondition.
AlauddinKhiljiwasoneamongthegreatestadministratoroftheSultanatekings.Unlikehispredecessorsheimplementedfundamental
changesinthewaytheSultanatewasruled.AsearlierSultanshadbasedtheirstrengthlargelyonstrongarmyandcontroloffewimportant
towns.Therespectiveheadmenofruralareasusedtogovernthatparticulararea,andtheseheadmenwerethemiddlemenbetweenthe
Sultanandthearea.Theheadmenhadtheknowledgethatthecentralauthoritywasfarremovedfromtheirdailyaffairswhichmadea
difference,andbecauseofwhichtheywouldoftenrefusetocooperatewiththeSultan'sofficers.Alauddineasedthesituationduetothe
stronginfluencehehad,buttherewaslittlehecoulddo.
Place

Gujarat,Malwa,Ujjain

Period

12011390AD

Language PersianandArabic
Religion

SunniIslam

Kings

JalaluddinFiruzKhilji,AlauddinKhilji,QutbudDinMubarakShah

Alauddinbeganaseriesofreformswhichcouldcurbsuchactivityashefelt.Hetookawayland
grantsfrommanyofhiscourtiers,officersandreorganizedrevenueadministration.Therewasa
fixedrateoflandrevenue,50percentofthestandingcropwhichwasinrealityamuchbetterdeal
forthepoorpeasants,whohadcurrentlybeingpayingnumeroustaxestovariousofficials.
Therulersalsoorganizedalargestandingarmyforthedefenceandalsotoprovideguaranteedfoodsupplytothecapital.Alcoholwas
bannedandthecourtierswerenotpermittedtocelebrateprivatemeetingsorparties.Alauddinappointedspiesalloverthekingdomto
keephiminformedaboutthedevelopmentsthatweretakingplace.Heimplementedstartlingeconomicreforms,althoughtheireffectswere
probablyrestrictedtoDelhiandthe100mileradiusaroundit.
QutbudDinMubarakShahwasthethirdandlastruleroftheKhiljidynastyinIndiawhoruledfrom1290
to1320.Hewastheweakestrulerofallandduringhisreign,alltaxesandpenaltieswereabolished.He
releasedallprisonersofwarwhowerecapturedafterwaginggruesomebattles.Hewasultimately
murderedbyKhusruKhanandthisendedtheKhiljidynastyinIndia.KhiljiswerebasicallyCentralAsians
andhadlivedinAfganistanforlonghowever,intermsofcustomsandmannerstheyweredifferentfrom
theTurks.
Alauddin'smosttrustednoblewasMalikKafur.AfterAlauddin`sdeath,hemanagedtocontrolthesituation
andmadeShahabuddinUmarastheking.HoweverMalikKafur`sownagentkilledhim.AfterMalik

Kafur,QutbuddinMubarikShahanothersonofAlauddinkilledUmarbecametheSultanin1316.Duringhisrulethepowerwasactually
inthehandsofKhusrawKhan,alowbornHinduslavewhousedtospendtimeindrinkingandwomanizing.KhusrawkilledMubarikand
declaredhimselfastheSultan.ThisledtoanendoftheKhiljiDynasty.
ContributiontotheIndianSociety
IslamicarchitectureinIndiaisaninterestingminglingduringtheperiodofKhilijiDynasty.Itmarked
developmentsinbuildingtechniquesandthethirdrulerAlauddinwasoneoftheambitiousbuildersofthat
time.TheAlaiDarwazawasanextensionoftheQwwatulIslammosque.
Thiswasoneofthefourgrandgateways.SomeotherstructuresbuiltbyKhiljiswerethecitywallofSiri,
thetombofAlauddinKhiljiandthe`Madrasa`.TheeconomicreformsbyAlaudiinKhiljiwasundoubtedly
aremarkablecontributiontotheIndianeconomy.ItcanbesaidthatthecomingofKhaljistopowerwas
morethanjustbeingadynasticchange.

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