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  • Mapping Ocean Acidification in Monterey Bay

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    jpeterson1
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    Delaney Coveno, Fordham University - Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been steadily increasing since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The world's oceans absorb one third of anthropogenic carbon emissions. This aqueous CO2 reacts with seawater to produce carbonic acid, which ionizes to reduce ocean pH. This process, known as ocean acidification, has far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems, including depressed metabolic and immune responses of marine organisms and dissolution of the exoskeletons of calcareous organisms. Improved pH monitoring across space and time is vital for forecasting and mitigating the effects of ocean acidification, especially in coastal ecosystems. However, in situ monitoring of sea surface pH is inadequate for understanding the impacts of ocean acidification, especially in coastal waters, which exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To address this problem, a regional algorithm was developed to determine surface pH in Monterey Bay. The algorithm correlates ocean pH with easily remotely sensed and/or modeled oceanographic parameters (e.g. sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and wind speed) across Monterey Bay's three oceanographic "seasons": The Davidson Current season (December to February), the upwelling season (March -August), and the oceanic season (September to November). Statistically significant relationships between pH and a subset of the aforementioned parameters were found across all three seasons. Furthermore, modeled pH did not differ significantly from in situ pH measurements, meaning that this algorithm can be used to remotely sense pH in Monterey Bay.

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    Delaney Coveno, Fordham University - Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been steadily increasing since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The world's oceans absorb one third of anthropogenic carbon emissions. This aqueous CO2 reacts with seawater to produce carbonic acid, which ionizes to reduce ocean pH. This process, known as ocean acidification, has far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems, including depressed metabolic and immune responses of marine organisms and dissolution of the exoskeletons of calcareous organisms. Improved pH monitoring across space and time is vital for forecasting and mitigating the effects of ocean acidification, especially in coastal ecosystems. However, in situ monitoring of sea surface pH is inadequate for understanding the impacts of ocean acidification, especially in coastal waters, which exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To address this problem, a regional algorithm was developed to determine surface pH in Monterey Bay. The algorithm correlates ocean pH with easily remotely sensed and/or modeled oceanographic parameters (e.g. sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and wind speed) across Monterey Bay's three oceanographic "seasons": The Davidson Current season (December to February), the upwelling season (March -August), and the oceanic season (September to November). Statistically significant relationships between pH and a subset of the aforementioned parameters were found across all three seasons. Furthermore, modeled pH did not differ significantly from in situ pH measurements, meaning that this algorithm can be used to remotely sense pH in Monterey Bay.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
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    265 visualizzazioni23 pagine

    Mapping Ocean Acidification in Monterey Bay

    Caricato da

    jpeterson1
    Delaney Coveno, Fordham University - Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been steadily increasing since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The world's oceans absorb one third of anthropogenic carbon emissions. This aqueous CO2 reacts with seawater to produce carbonic acid, which ionizes to reduce ocean pH. This process, known as ocean acidification, has far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems, including depressed metabolic and immune responses of marine organisms and dissolution of the exoskeletons of calcareous organisms. Improved pH monitoring across space and time is vital for forecasting and mitigating the effects of ocean acidification, especially in coastal ecosystems. However, in situ monitoring of sea surface pH is inadequate for understanding the impacts of ocean acidification, especially in coastal waters, which exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To address this problem, a regional algorithm was developed to determine surface pH in Monterey Bay. The algorithm correlates ocean pH with easily remotely sensed and/or modeled oceanographic parameters (e.g. sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and wind speed) across Monterey Bay's three oceanographic "seasons": The Davidson Current season (December to February), the upwelling season (March -August), and the oceanic season (September to November). Statistically significant relationships between pH and a subset of the aforementioned parameters were found across all three seasons. Furthermore, modeled pH did not differ significantly from in situ pH measurements, meaning that this algorithm can be used to remotely sense pH in Monterey Bay.

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    di 23

    Mapping Ocean Acidification

    in Monterey Bay
    Delaney Coveno
    Fordham University 2016
    Faculty Advisor: Dr. Raphael Kudela
    Mentor: Jesse Bausell

    The Other Carbon Dioxide


    Problem

    Atmospheric
    carbon dioxide

    CO2

    Hydrogen
    ions
    Dissolved
    carbon
    dioxide

    CO2

    Water

    Carbonic
    Acid

    H2O

    H2CO3

    H+

    Bicarbonate
    ions

    HCO3-

    Carbonate
    ions

    CO32-

    CO2 + H2O !
    H2CO3
    H2CO3 ! H+ +HCO322HCO33 !
    ! CO
    CO3 3
    HCO

    +
    +H

    Research Goals
    Enhance our ability to track ocean pH via remote

    sensing
    Create a local algorithm to determine ocean pH
    Use parameters that can be remotely sensed or
    modeled globally

    CeNCOOS Moss Landing


    Shore Station

    Parameters
    Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
    Sea Surface Salinity (SSS)
    Chlorophyll a
    Wind Speed

    Oceanic Seasons
    Davidson Current Season (December-February)
    Winter storm conditions
    Upwelling Season (March-August)
    Cool surface waters
    Oceanic Season (September-November)
    Relaxed winds
    Warmer waters

    y = -90.135
    -8.3315 + 13.003x
    2.7049x
    R2 = 0.357
    0.101
    p value = 8.67e-24
    p-value

    y = -1.7348 + 46.987x
    R2 = 0.245
    p-value = 4.48e-16

    y = 12.898 1.5659x
    R2 = 0.273
    p-value = 4.97e-17

    y = 8.1157 0.70964x
    R2 = 0.00336
    p-value = 0.381

    Davidson Upwelling Oceanic


    SST
    SSS
    Chl a
    Wind
    Speed

    Davidson Current Season Algorithm


    pH = 5.1488 + 0.031896*SST + 0.072983*SSS
    0.1055*chl
    R2 = 0.477
    p-value = 2.46e-30

    y = -1.12e-05 + x
    R2 = 0.477
    p value = 1.22e-32

    December 25, 2013

    pH

    Conclusions and Future Work


    Ocean pH can be mapped using remote sensing and

    models
    Relationships between pH and the selected
    parameters vary between oceanic seasons
    No significant trends found in residuals
    More parameters and locations
    Do relationships change between day and night?
    Nonlinear relationships/thresholds

    Acknowledgements
    NASA
    NSERC
    Jesse Bausell
    Dr. Raphael Kudela
    Dr. Jessie Sagona
    Dr. Emily Schaller

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