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INTRODUCTION TO BOWL MILLS

Coal is the one of the most dominating energy source because of its
cost, availability and transportability. Pulverized form of coal has made
modern steam generating units highly thermal efficient, reliable, safe
and able to efficiently use of low-grade coals. It provides coal-air fuel
control, flame stability, effective utilization of carbon and thus reduction
in cost and flexibility of operation. The efficiency of combustion depends
upon efficiency of pulverizing.
The machine used for particle size reduction is called pulverizes or mill.
In 1919 at combustion Engineering U.S.A., Raymond Mill was
developed. The early mills were built with maximum capacity of 6 tons
per hour. By 1930 the maximum capability of this mill design had been
increased to 15 and then to 25 tons per hour.
Grinding mills use one , two or all three of the basic principles of
particle size reduction namely impact, attrition and crushing. With
respect to speed these machines may be classified as low speed,
medium speed and high speed. The characteristics of commonly used
pulverizes are shown in the table below
Speed

Type

Low

Medium

High

10 to 20 RPM

40 to 70 RPM

900 TO 1000
RPM

Ball Tube Mill

Ring Roll Mill

Impact or
Hammer Mill

Ball and Race

Mill
Bowl Mill
Predominant

Attrition

Crushing

Impact

Principle
BOWL MILL
This is a medium speed vertical mill with conical grinding rolls 3no.s per
mill. The race will be either deep or shallow like saucer covered with
liner called bullring segment. The bowl is rotated by a gearbox have

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reducing gear like worm gear set or bevel helical gears.
CE Raymond Mills were first developed for pulverizing coal for cement
and mining industry. Subsequently, they found extensive use in the
Power Plants for Pulverizing coal. BHEL entered in to technical
collaboration with Combustion Engineering, USA for the manufacture of
these mills called XRP mills in India.
Subsequently technology for HP mills with withdraw-able was also
acquired from CE. Upto 1978 the Bowl Mills were manufactured at
BHEL-Tiruchirapalli. From 1978 to 1984 these were manufactured at
both BHEL-Tiruchirapalli and BHEL-Hyderabad. From 1984 onwards total
product has been with BHEL-Hyderabad.
Nomenclature
583 XRS/803 XRP Bowl Mills.
58,80 Stands for Bowl diameter in inches.
If the number is even then its Shallow Bowl Mill.
If the number is odd then its Deep Bowl Mill
3-Number of Rollers
X- Frequency of Power supply(50 cycles).
R- Raymond Name of the inventor
S- Suction type with Exhauster after mill
P- pressurized type with P.A. FAN before mill
The above mills have saucer type bowl (approx. 20 angle
to horizontal).There are few Bowl Mills initially supplied by
CE in india. They have been discontinued.
Range:
BHEL manufactures Bowl Mills in the following Ranges (corresponding to
Bowl diameter in inches):
1. 60" Series : 583, 603 & 623 XRP/XRS
2 66" Series : 663 XRP
3 70" Series : 703 XRP, 703 HP
4 80" Series : 763, 783,803 XRP, 803 HP
5 90" Series : 883 XRP
6 100"Series : 1003 XRP
Principle of Operation
Bowl Mill is driven by AC motor, coupled with flexible coupling to the
worm shaft. The worm shaft drives worm gear, mounted on the Main
Vertical Shaft. A bowl mounted on the top of the shaft rotates at a
speed of 40 to 65 rpm. For a particular mill the speed is
constant .Integral coolers are provided in the mill base with circulating
water for removing heat from the oil. External lube oil systems are also
used for cooling the oil in the gear box, which consists of a motor driven
pump, cooler and filter. To prevent coal entering in to the Gear case, an
air sealing system is provided.
Hot primary air for drying and carrying pulverized coal, enters through
insulated Mill side and Liner Assembly. Tramp Iron, pyrites and stones
coming in the mill with raw coal move out of the bowl and being heavy,
fall into the mill side and linear assembly. These are scraped and
dumped in the pyrite hopper assembly through the Tramp Iron and
Spout valve.
The journal assembly consisting of Grinding Rolls is mounted on
Separator Body. Grinding force is applied by pressure spring
adjustment. The roller assembly can be moved up and down depending
upon the roll condition and coal bed. Separator Body consisting of linear
assemblies deflects the air stream to the center of bowl.
Mill is equipped with the stationery classification with adjustable vanes
for adjustment of coal fineness. The coarser particles in the in the
pulverised coal are separated in the classifier and returned back to the
bowl for further grinding.
Mill Discharge Valves mounted on the Separator top consist of Flap type
closure plates operated by pneumatic Cylinders, which can be tilted out
of the path of coal stream. This is used to isolate the mill from Boiler

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during maintenance.

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