10

Figure 11: Final

Product

11

6.1 SAMPL
E CALCULA
TION
NC programme
code (G-Code)
Start
FifoN1 T1 M6 ----Tool 1

N2 S1000 M3 M8N
3 G0 X18.5 Y18.5 2
10N4 G1 Z-15 F10
0N5 G0
Z10N6 G0 X-18.5 Y
18.5N7 G1 Z-15 F1
00N8 G0 Z10N9
G0N10N11N12N13
T2 M6 ----Tool 2

N14 G0 X-26 Y18.

5 Z10N15 G01 Z15N16 G2 X-12.394
Y22.856 R7.5 F75N
17
G2 X12.394 Y22.85
6 R36 F75 \ N18 G2
X26 Y18.5 R7.5 F75
N19 G1 Y-18.5 F10
0N20

G2 X12.394 Y22.856 R7.5 F75N2

1 G2N22
G2N23 G3 G1 X-26
Y18.5N24 G0 Z10N
25 M5 G40N26
M9N27 M30

12

7.0
DISCUSSIO
N OF
RESULT
For our
experiment, our

aims are to learn

and understand the
use and capabilities
of computer
numerical control
(CNC)
milling machine. F
or the set up of the
CNC operation,

thecomputer
numerical control
is attached to the
milling machine.
Firstly, Computer
Aided
Design(CAD) is
used to make a
design of a

product. In CAD, it
involves a special
symbolicprogramm
ing languages or
codes that
determine the
coordinate points
of corner, edges
andsurfaces of the

work piece. Once

the design is
completed, we
transfer the coding
that we madeusing
ISO NC
programmed to the
CNC milling
machine. All the

data about the

process from
thebeginning to the
end is included in
those codes. Wrong
coding will
damage the work
piece. Inorder to
prevent damage,

we need to view
the simulation on
the CNC screen
and do some
finalediting so that
the milling
machine is
operating in a good
condition as we

will obtain
perfectwork piece.
Any errors or
mistakes will affect
the work piece as
well as the
machine. The
machines cutting
tool might break.

We have to set up
the h of cutting
tool, cutting fed,
cuttingspeed ,
spindle speed that
is suitable with the
specimen to avoid
error occur during
the process.From

the experiment, we
can say that our
product is perfect
and thus our
experiment is
100%success. The
product follows the
original design and
the surfaces are

completely
smooth. Fromthe
product obtained,
the coordinate
system plays an
important role to
make sure the
product isnot
defected.While

CNC machines are

expensive and
complicated, they
have a lot of
advantages.These
are some
advantages of CNC
machine:1.

It improves
automation,
removing the need
of an operator for
all but a few parts
of thework. CNC
machines can be
left unattended for
hours or even days

if necessary,
allowingoperators
to focus on other
tasks.2.
CNC machines can
be used
continuously 24
hours a day, 365

days a year and

only needto be
switched off for
occasional
maintenance.3.
CNC machines can
be updated by
improving the

software used to
drive the
machines.4.
Training in the use
of CNCs is ava
ilable through the
use of virtual
software. This is

software that
allows the operator
to practice using
the CNC machine
on the screen of
acomputer. The
software is similar
to a computer
game

13

8.0
CONCLUSI
ON
From the
experiment, we
learned the

principle of CNC
machine. We
gained
betterunderstandin
g in the modes of
operation of CNC
machine. There is
various type of
modern

CNCmachines use
in industrial.
Different
preparatory (G
codes) and
miscellaneous
function (Mcodes)
is used in CNC part
programming for

completing a
successful CNC
program.Specifical
ly, CNC milling
machine works
with a computer
numerical control
that writes and
readG-code

instructions to
drive machine tool
to fabricate
components with a
proper
materialremoval
rate. G-codes are
commands for
CNC machines to

follow so that they

can operate ontheir
own without
human control.
Zero set up is very
important step to
obtain an
accurategeometry
of the work piece.

We also gain
information about
the advantages and
disadvantages
of CNC machines
and its
application.CNC
machine can be
used to cut

complex shapes of
metal and other
solid materials.
Theadvantages of
CNC machine over
Traditional
Machine (TM)
besides the
availability of low

costprogrammable
controllers played a
major role in the
successful
implementation of
CNC
onmanufacturing
plants.From the
experiment, we can

conclude that the

objective students
with
NumericalControl
(NC) Programming
and Computer
Numerical Control
(CNC) milling
machine has

beensuccessfully
achieved.
14

9.0
RECOMMEN
DATION

Getting the
appropriate feeds
and speeds for the
work piece
material, tooling,
and
cuttingconditions is
the most important
first step.

Consistent speeds
and feeds will
make a
hugedifference on
the surface finish.
Getting the right
speeds and feeds is
just as important to
obtain agood

surface finish.Good
chip clearing is
essential to both
surface finish and
tool life. It's
impossible to
getgood surface
finish if chips are
being re-cut over

and over again. If

chip clearance is
minimal,clumped
up chips can jam
the cutter to the
point where it
breaks.Flood
coolant or an air
blast should be

used to clear the

chips at all times.
Aside fromcooling
the tool, the
coolant cools the
work piece.
Sometimes this is
helpful to accuracy,
as awork piece that

heats up is a work
piece that is
moving due to
thermal expansion.
Anotheradvantage
of coolant is that it
lubricates the
tool/work piece
interface.The

primary impact of
work holding on
surface finish is
vibration. In the
worst casevibration
will turn into
chatter, which is a
harmonic effect
that will be very

visible in
yoursurface finish.
Clearly, the more
solid we can make
our work holding,
the less likelihood
of vibration there
will be. Make sure
the work piece is

supported and
clamped over as
much area
aspossible
surrounding the cut
while still leaving
room for the cutter
to get in there and
do its job.

13
8.0
CONCLUSION
From the experiment, we learned the principle of CNC machine. We gained betterunderstanding in the modes of operation of
CNC machine. There is various type of modern CNCmachines use in industrial. Different preparatory (G codes) and
miscellaneous function (Mcodes) is used in CNC part programming for completing a successful CNC program.Specifically,
CNC milling machine works with a computer numerical control that writes and readG-code instructions to drive machine tool
to fabricate components with a proper materialremoval rate. G-codes are commands for CNC machines to follow so that they
can operate ontheir own without human control. Zero set up is very important step to obtain an accurategeometry of the work
piece. We also gain information about the advantages and disadvantages of CNC machines and its application.CNC machine
can be used to cut complex shapes of metal and other solid materials. Theadvantages of CNC machine over Traditional
Machine (TM) besides the availability of low costprogrammable controllers played a major role in the successful
implementation of CNC onmanufacturing plants.From the experiment, we can conclude that the objective students with
NumericalControl (NC) Programming and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling machine has beensuccessfully
achieved.
14
9.0
RECOMMENDATION
Getting the appropriate feeds and speeds for the work piece material, tooling, and cuttingconditions is the most important first
step. Consistent speeds and feeds will make a hugedifference on the surface finish. Getting the right speeds and feeds is just as
important to obtain agood surface finish.Good chip clearing is essential to both surface finish and tool life. It's impossible to
getgood surface finish if chips are being re-cut over and over again. If chip clearance is minimal,clumped up chips can jam the
cutter to the point where it breaks.Flood coolant or an air blast should be used to clear the chips at all times. Aside fromcooling
the tool, the coolant cools the work piece. Sometimes this is helpful to accuracy, as awork piece that heats up is a work piece
that is moving due to thermal expansion. Anotheradvantage of coolant is that it lubricates the tool/work piece interface.The
primary impact of work holding on surface finish is vibration. In the worst casevibration will turn into chatter, which is a
harmonic effect that will be very visible in yoursurface finish. Clearly, the more solid we can make our work holding, the less
likelihood of vibration there will be. Make sure the work piece is supported and clamped over as much area aspossible
surrounding the cut while still leaving room for the cutter to get in there and do its job.
15
10.0
REFERENCES
1)
Kalpakjian, S., and R.S. Schmid, Automation of Manufacturing Process,
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
, 4th. Edition, Prentice Hall, 2000.2)
Youssefi, K, Computer Numerical Control (CNC),
Product Design and Manufacturing Minicurriculum
, 6 Oct. 2004.3)

Mikell P. Groover
, Principles of Modern Manufacturing
,4
th
Edition, Wiley 2011.4)
http://www.technologystudent.com/despro2/cncsys1.htm 5)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_machine