Chapter 9 - Chapter Test

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2
Online Teaching Suite Chapter 9 Probability: Chapter test 1
Multiple-choice questions
1
Suppose that the probability of rain tomorrow is 0.3. The probability of no rain
tomorrow is thus
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.8
Suppose that a random experiment may result in A, B, C, D or E, and further that

Pr(A) = 0.1, Pr(B) = 0.1, Pr(C) = 0.2, and Pr(D) = 0.1. What is the value of Pr(E)?
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Suppose that
= {different letters of the word JEALOUSY}

A = {different letters of the word LOUSE}
B = {different letters of the word SEAL}
The set which represents (A B) is
A
{E, L}
{A, L, O, U, S, E}
{J, Y}
{J}
{Y}
Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

The following information relates to questions 4 and 5.
Suppose that a class consists of 15 students who travelled to school by car that day, 11 who
travelled by public transport, and 6 students who walked.
4
What is the probability that a student randomly chosen from the class walked to school
that day?
3
16
15
32
11
32
21
32
17
32
What is the probability that a student randomly chosen from the class did not travel to
school by public transport that day?
A
3
16
1
6
11
32
21
32
17
32

6
Suppose that 65% of students at a certain university are studying Commerce (C), that
38% of the students are in first year (F), and that 15% of students are in first year and
are studying Commerce. Which of the following probability tables correctly
summarises this information?
A
C
0.15
0.23
0.38
0.50
0.12
0.62
0.65
0.35
0.15
0.23
0.38
0.20
0.42
0.62
0.35
0.65
0.15
0.23
0.62
0.50
0.12
0.38
0.65
0.35
0.15
0.23
0.38
0.50
0.15
0.65
0.65
0.38
0.65
0.35
0.35
0.65

The following Venn diagram relates to questions 7 and 8.
8
10
12
Pr(A B) is equal to
A
1
11
10
33
25
33
4
11
2
3
Pr(A B) is equal to
A
1
11
10
33
25
33
4
11
2
3

If for two events A and B, Pr(A) =
1
7
3
, and Pr(B) = , and Pr(A B) =
, then
5
10
5
Pr(A B) is equal to
10
4
5
3
4
8
25
1
10
3
25
If for two events A and B, Pr(A) = 0.32, and Pr(A B) = 0.14, and Pr(A B) = 0.66,
then Pr(B) is equal to
A
0.34
0.48
0.4375
0.84
0.20

Suppose that 53% of VCE students are female, 85% of VCE students wish to go to
University, and that 45% of VCE students are females who wish to go to university.
11
The probability that a randomly chosen student does not wish to go to university is
A
0.47
0.55
0.4505
0.50
0.15

12
The probability that a randomly chosen student is male and does not want to go to
university is
A
0.45
0.07
0.08
0.40
0.15

The square target shown has sides of length 1 metre. Inside the square are a black circle of
radius 0.5 metres, and a grey circle of radius 0.2 metres. Suppose that a dart is thrown at the
target, and it is equally likely to hit any part of the target.
13
14
The probability that the dart will hit the grey region is
A
0.2
0.04
0.25
0.21
0.09
The probability that the dart will hit the black region is equal to
A
0.2
0.04
0.25
0.21
0.09

15
If for two events A and B, Pr(A) =
3
3
1
, Pr(B) = , and Pr(A B) = 10, then Pr(A|B) is
8
3
equal to
A
B
C
D
E
16
4
5
1
3
1
10
9
10
1
8
If events A and B are independent then it is always true that

A
Pr(A|B) = Pr(B)
Pr(A|B) = Pr(A)
Pr(A|B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B)
Pr(A|B) =
Pr( A)
Pr( B )
Pr(A|B) =
Pr( B)
Pr( A)
Suppose that in a certain town the probability that it is sunny on Saturday is

on Saturday, then the probability that it is also sunny on Sunday is
Saturday, then the probability that it is sunny on Sunday is only
17
3
. If it is sunny
8
5
. If it is not sunny on
8
1
.
4
The probability that it is sunny on both Saturday and Sunday is

A
B
C
D
9
64
15
32
5
32
3
4

E
18
The probability that it is sunny on Sunday is

A
B
C
D
E
19
15
64
15
64
25
64
15
32
3
4
3
8
If A and B are independent events such that Pr(A) = 0.44 and Pr(B) = 0.19, then Pr(A
B) is equal to
20
0.0836
0.63
0.5654
0.25
cannot be determined
If A and B are independent events such that Pr(A) = 0.3 and Pr(B) = 0.4, then Pr(A B)
is equal to
21
0.12
0.7
0.58
0.92
cannot be determined
Suppose there are two jars, jar A and jar B. Jar A contains 3 white and 7 black jelly
beans. Jay B contains 6 white and 2 black jelly beans. Suppose that Meaghan selects a
jar at random, and then a jelly bean at random from the jar. The probability that
Meaghan chooses a white jelly bean is
A
B
21
40
1
2

C
D
E
3
10
9
40
3
11
Short-answer questions (technology-free)

1
Two six-sided dice are tossed. Find the probability that:

a
the sum of the values of the uppermost faces is 8
the sum of the values of the uppermost faces is not eight.
There are 20 red socks and 10 white socks in a drawer.

a
A sock is chosen at random, its colour is observed, the sock is replaced and a
second sock withdrawn. What is the probability that both socks are red?
b
3
If the first sock is not replaced what is the probability that both socks are red?
Box A contains 4 pieces of paper numbered 1, 3, 5, 7.

Box B contains 3 pieces of paper numbered 1, 4, 9.
One piece of paper is removed at random from each box. Find the probability that the
sum of the two numbers obtained is divisible by 3.
A letter is chosen at random from the word MATHEMATICIAN.

a
What is the probability that it is a vowel?
What is the probability that it is a T?
A group of sixty teenagers was asked what they did on the weekends. A total of 45 said
they went to the beach, the movies or both. Of the 22 who went to the beach, 12 said
they also went to movies. A student is selected at random from the group. What is the
probability that:
the student went to movies but not to the beach?
the student did not go to either of these events?
A square board with side length 10 cm is placed on a table. A game consists of

throwing a disc of radius 4 cm onto the table, and a point is scored if the disc lies
completely within the board. (Touching an edge is accepted). If a player always gets
the centre of the disc into the board, what is the probability of scoring a point?

7
If A and B are events such that Pr(A) = 0.65, Pr(B) = 0.2 and Pr(A B) = 0.1, find
a
Pr(A B)
Pr(A B)
If A and B are events such that Pr(A) = 0.54, Pr(B) = 0.23 and Pr(A B) = 0.33, find:
a
Pr(A B)
Pr(A B)
Of the patients reporting to a clinic, 35% have a headache, 50% have a fever and 10%
have both.
a
What is the probability that a patient selected at random has either a headache, a
fever or both?
b
10
11
12
Are the events headache and fever independent? Explain.
Given an experiment such that Pr(A) = 0.3, Pr(B) = 0.5, Pr(A B) = 0.2, find:
a
Pr(A B)
Pr(A B)
Pr(A|B)
Pr(B|A)
Given that Pr(B) =

a
Pr(A B)
Pr(A)
Pr(B|A)
1
1
1
, Pr(A|B) = and Pr(A|B) = , determine:
3
5
3
Records indicate that 60% of secondary school students participate in sport, and 50% of
secondary school students regularly read books for leisure. They also show that 20% of
students participate in sport and read books for leisure. Use this information to find:
a
the probability that a person selected at random does not read books for leisure
the probability that a person selected at random does not read books for leisure
given that they do not participate in sport.
10

Extended-response question
Two bowls each contain 10 pieces of fruit. In bowl A there are five oranges and five apples; in
bowl B there is one orange and nine apples.
a
For each bowl, find the probability that two pieces of fruit chosen at random will both
be apples, if the first piece of fruit is not replaced before the second piece of fruit is
chosen.
For each bowl, find the probability that two pieces of fruit chosen at random will both
be apples, if the first piece of fruit is replaced before the second is chosen.
One bowl is chosen at random and from it two piece of fruit are chosen at random with
replacement. Find the probability that the pieces of fruit chosen are an apple and an
orange.
One bowl is chosen at random and from it two pieces of fruit are chosen at random
without replacement. Find the probability that the pieces of fruit chosen are an apple
and an orange.
11

Answers
Multiple-choice questions
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Short-answer questions (technology-free)

1
5
36
31
36
4
9
38
87
1
4
6
13
2
13
23
60
1
4
9
25
0.1
0.25
0.44
0.98
0.75
No, Pr(H F) = 0.10 Pr(H) Pr(F) = 0.175
0.6
0.4
2
5
2
3
10
12

11
4
15
1
3
12
0.5
0.25
4
5
Extended-response question
a
A:
17
50
2
4
; B:
9
5
A:
17
45
1
81
; B:
4
100
13

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Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Online Teaching Suite Chapter 9 Probability: Chapter test 1

Suppose that a random experiment may result in A, B, C, D or E, and further that

= {different letters of the word JEALOUSY}

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

If for two events A and B, Pr(A) =

The following information relates to questions 11 and 12.

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

The following information relates to questions 13 and 14.

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

If for two events A and B, Pr(A) =

If events A and B are independent then it is always true that

Pr(A|B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B)

The following information relates to questions 17 and 18.

Suppose that in a certain town the probability that it is sunny on Saturday is

The probability that it is sunny on both Saturday and Sunday is

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

The probability that it is sunny on Sunday is

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Short-answer questions (technology-free)

Two six-sided dice are tossed. Find the probability that:

the sum of the values of the uppermost faces is 8

the sum of the values of the uppermost faces is not eight.

There are 20 red socks and 10 white socks in a drawer.

Box A contains 4 pieces of paper numbered 1, 3, 5, 7.

A letter is chosen at random from the word MATHEMATICIAN.

What is the probability that it is a vowel?

What is the probability that it is a T?

the student went to movies but not to the beach?

the student did not go to either of these events?

A square board with side length 10 cm is placed on a table. A game consists of

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Are the events headache and fever independent? Explain.

Given that Pr(B) =

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Short-answer questions (technology-free)

No, Pr(H F) = 0.10 Pr(H) Pr(F) = 0.175

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

Cambridge Mathematical Methods AC/VCE Units 1 & 2

Evans, Wallace, Lipson, Greenwood 2016

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