Summary :

As we know in batch reactor ,the main function is the time . related to

design equation of batch reactor saw that time proportional inversely with
concentration .
The object for this experiment is to show the effect of time on the rate of
reaction in batch reactor .
in this experiment use 0.1M HCl , 0.1 NaOH and ethyl acetate ,conical flask
and vessel with stirrer . firstly take 100 mL of 0.1M Hcl in 10 conical flask ,
10mL in each flask. Then take 120ml of NaOH(A) and ethyl acetate(B) in tow
different beaker . mixed (A) and (B) in reactor vessel at time zero . take 10ml
from mixed solution and put in each flask of HCl at different time .
finally titrate each sample with NaOH and take the volume and time of titrate
.

Result and Discussion:

Batch reactor is the type of reactor which is based and direct proportional
with time , the reaction time is necessary to reach conversion in batch
reactor .
x

t=
0

dx
r A V

The most uses of batch reactor in pharmaceutical industry and in

intermediate or one shot production1.

Time (sec)

Volume of NaOH in
(mL)

#of HCl moles reacted

Ca (mol/L)

rate of rxn
(mol/L.S)

0.0007

0.233

0.230

20

3.4

0.00066

0.194

0.194

30

3.6

0.00064

0.178

0.177

40

3.8

0.00062

0.163

0.163

50

0.0006

0.150

0.150

60

4.2

0.00058

0.138

0.138

70

4.4

0.00056

0.127

0.127

80

4.8

0.00052

0.108

0.108

90

4.8

0.00052

0.108

0.108

100

4.8

0.00052

0.108

0.108

Table 1

Table 1 shown the raw data of batch experiment , from this data note when
time increasing the volume of NaOH need to titrate increase or the
concentration of HCl will be decrease to reach steady state and become
constant after period of time .

Now according to rate of reaction equation for this equation

r A=k C A C B (1 )
The relation between CA and CB is equal then

C A =

C B

so :

n= +

r A=k C A n .(2)
When taking logarithm for equation (2) and plotting ln(-Ra) versus ln(Ca) can
determine the order of reaction from the slop and k from intercept.
CA
r A=lnk +nln ) ..(3)
ln

2.5
2
1.5
ln(Ra) (mol/L.s)

1
0.5
0
1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

ln (Ca) (mol/L)

Figure 1( note: value of ln(Ca) and lm(Ra) multiplied by -1)

2.1

2.2

2.3

From the figure 1 the rate of reaction is first order and the constant k will be
equal 0.8187sec-1

Conclusion and recommendation:

The reaction occurring in this reaction is first order.
Rate of reaction decreasing along the time and become constant means
reach steady state .
The order of reaction is first order this dosent necessarily means that bothe
order of A and B are equal but if it's the case then the reaction is called
elementary reaction since = 1 and =0.0 which equal to the stiochmtry
coefficient in the reaction.

Conclusion:
1- Check that all material and equipment are cleanly and its have to
used .
2- Be careful when measuring any material to prevent any error in
calculation

References:
1- 8:15-8:30 Michigan university .
http://www.umich.edu/~elements/5e/asyLearn/bits/batch/index.htm
2- Khalil Halholi. chemical processing laboratory.Irbid.JUST.2011/2012
3- . Scott Fogler . Element of Chemical Reaction Engineering .Michigan
university 5thedition .

AppendixA : (raw data and figure ):

Time
(sec)

Volume of NaOH
in (mL)

#of HCl moles

reacted

0.0007

20

3.4

0.00066

30

3.6

0.00064

40
50

3.8
4

0.00062
0.0006

60

4.2

0.00058

70

4.4

0.00056

80

4.8

0.00052

90

4.8

0.00052

100

4.8

0.00052

Table 1: measured and calculation value

Ca
rate of
(mol/L)
rxn
0.233333
333
0.23
0.194117
0.19361
647
765
0.177777
0.17744
778
444
0.163157
0.16290
895
789
0.15
0.1498
0.138095
0.13792
238
857
0.127272
0.12712
727
987
0.108333
0.10820
333
833
0.108333
0.10822
333
222
0.108333
0.10823
333
333

2.5
2
1.5
ln(Ra) (mol/L.s)

1
0.5
0
1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

ln (Ca) (mol/L)

Figure 1 ( relation between ln(Ra) and ln(Ca) )

Appendix B: (sample calculation)

CA
t

dC A

dt= C r
Ao

Then

r A=

t=

C A C A 0
r A

C AC A 0 0.2330.1 0.23 mol

=
=
t
3
l . sec

2.1

2.2

2.3