Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1.
LATTICES
a2 a3
a1 (a2 a3 )
b2 = 2
a3 a1
a1 (a2 a3 )
b3 = 2
a1 a2
a1 (a2 a3 )
2.
DIFFRACTION
2
3.
COHESIVE ENERGY
(1)j
j |rj /d| .
4.
PHONONS
1 X
2
[u (R1 ) u (R2 )]
R1 ,R2 ,=x,y,z
2 (r)
[u (R1 ) u (R2 )]
r r
2 2 kB
5
kB T 3
,
~c
with 1/c3 the angular average of the velocity speed 1/c3s (k).
d3 k
(2)3
= g()d.
In an alternative form
g() =
XZ
s
X
d2 k
( k ) =
3
(2)
s
d2 k (k k())
(2)3 |s (k)|
3
5.
ELECTRONS
The Drude conductivity is = ne2 /m, with n the number of electron per unit volume, and the mean free time.
The equation of motion for the momentum in Drude theory is
p
dp
p
= e E +
H
dt
mc
2
The cyclotron frequency is c = eH
mc , the plasma frequency is p =
conductivity tensor is defined by j = E.
4ne2
m
ne
m p,
and the
f () =
1
e~ +1
Fermi-Dirac
Bose-Einstein
e~ 1
H(x)dx +
H(x)f (x)dx =
2
7 4
(kB T )2 H 0 () +
(kB T )4 H 000 () + . . .
6
360
g (F )
(kB T )2
6 g(F )
2
g(F )(kB T )2
u = u0 +
6
= F
u
T
2 2
3 kB T g(F ),
Bloch theorem (r + R) = eikR (r), electron velocity in energy En (k): vn (k) = ~1 k En (k).
Effective mass tensor
1 2 (k)
1
=
mi,j
~2 ki kj
i, j = x, y, z
dk
Therefore, m dv
dt = ~ dt
G0
where UG =
1
vp.u.c
R
p.u.c
U (r)eiGr dr are the Fourier components of the potential, p.u.c = primitive unit cell. the
ckG are the Fourier components of the wave function and 0kG =
For a weak potential, near a couple of degenerate states
1
= (0k + 0kG )
2
0k 0kG
2
+ |Uk |
1/2
~
2m (k
4
Far from degenerate states
2
k = 0k +
X
G
|UG |
0k 0kG
(R) cos kR
6.
Constants:
1.054 1034 [J s]
1.38 1023 [J/K]
6.022 1023 [1/mole]
9.11 1031 [kg]
1.6 1019 [C]
=
=
=
=
=
~
kB
NA
me
e
Integrals:
Z
0
Z
Z
0
A
lim
A0
Z
0
Z
Z
0
A
lim
A0
x4 e x
4 2
dx =
2
1)
15
(ex
x4 e x
dx 0.32
(ex 1)2
x4 e x
A3
dx
=
(ex 1)2
3
x3 e x
dx = 6(3) 7.2
(ex 1)2
x4 e x
7 4
dx
=
(ex + 1)2
30
x4 e x
dx 0.042
+ 1)2
(ex
x4 e x
A5
dx
=
(ex + 1)2
20
y 2
b
=1 ,
A = ab